FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA最新文献

{"title":"[Artículo traducido] Administración de broncodilatadores mediante inhalador de dosis medida durante la ventilación mecánica invasiva: una revisión sistemática exploratoria","authors":"Kathleen Asturian,&nbsp;Mariana Balhego-Rocha,&nbsp;Diogo Pilger","doi":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify the administration characteristics and connection methods of bronchodilators by pressurized inhalers to the ventilatory circuit of patients under invasive mechanical ventilation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A scope review was conducted following the PRISMA for Scoping Review, using the PubMed, Embase Elsevier, Cochrane Library, and Lilacs databases without language restrictions, up to July 2023. Eligible sources included reviews and consensuses (based on clinical studies), experimental and observational studies involving adult patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation, regardless of the underlying condition, who used bronchodilator drugs contained in pressurized inhalers. Information regarding inhalation technique, pressurized inhalers connection mode to the circuit, and patient care were collected by two researchers independently, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. Studies involving bronchodilators combined with other pharmacological classes in the same device, as well as reviews containing preclinical studies, were excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 23 publications were included, comprising 19 clinical trials and 4 non-randomized experimental studies. Salbutamol (albuterol) was the bronchodilator of study in the majority of the articles (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->18), and the spacer device was the most commonly used to connect the pressurized inhaler to the circuit (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->15), followed by an in-line adapter (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->3) and a direct-acting device without chamber (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->3). Concerning the pressurized inhaler placement in the circuit, 18 studies positioned it in the inspiratory limb, and 19 studies synchronized the jet actuation with the start of the inspiratory phase. Agitation of the pressurized inhaler before each actuation, waiting time between actuations, airway suction before administration, and semi-recumbent patient positioning were the most commonly described measures across the studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This review provided insights into the aspects related to inhalation technique in mechanically ventilated patients, as well as the most prevalent findings and the existing gaps in knowledge regarding bronchodilator administration in this context. The evidence indicates the need for further research on this subject.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45860,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages T53-T58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Translated article] Prioritisation of 2024–2027 initiatives of the strategic Map for outpatient pharmaceutical care of the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy","authors":"Ramón Morillo Verdugo ,&nbsp;Beatriz Bernardez Ferrán ,&nbsp;Aurora Fernández Polo ,&nbsp;Luis Margusino Framiñan ,&nbsp;José Manuel Martínez Sesmero ,&nbsp;Manuel Vélez-Díaz-Pallarés ,&nbsp;Esther Vicente-Escrig","doi":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To prioritise the initiatives to be developed for the development of the Strategic Map of Outpatient Care (MAPEX) project to improve the quality of care and pharmaceutical care for patients seen in hospital pharmacy outpatient clinics in the period 2024–2027 in Spain.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The study was carried out in 4 phases between January and December 2023.</div><div>For phase 1, a literature review of the evolution of the project was carried out by the coordinating committee with the aim of establishing a basis on which to define a new proposal for initiatives. In addition, an analysis was made of the health trends that will have an impact in the coming years.</div><div>In phase 2, a working group of 19 specialists from all the autonomous communities was created, who were called regional ambassadors. They all made a preliminary proposal of initiatives and established revisions for their adjustment and final version both online and in telematic meetings.</div><div>In phase 3, a consensus was established based on the Delphi-Rand/UCLA methodology with 2 rounds of online voting to select the initiatives classified as: priority and key or breakthrough.</div><div>Between the first and second round of voting, a face-to-face “Consensus Conference” was held, where the results of the first round were presented.</div><div>In phase 4, a public presentation was made in scientific forums and through the web.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ten trends in the health sector were identified. A list of 34 initiatives grouped into 5 lines of work was established. A total of 103 panellists participated in the first round and 76 in the second. Finally, 5 initiatives were established as priority and 29 as key. Among those prioritised were external visibility, adaptations to the CMO methodology, strengthening certification, and improving training.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The initiatives agreed upon as priorities were aimed at improving professional visibility, broadening the methodology of care work, expanding the quality of care, enhancing the training of professionals, and the voice of patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45860,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages T3-T10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conocimiento de la terapia biológica en pacientes con enfermedades inmunomediadas. Estudio BIOINFO","authors":"Carlos Seguí-Solanes ,&nbsp;Lidia Estrada ,&nbsp;Esther Ramírez Herráiz ,&nbsp;Silvia Ruiz-García ,&nbsp;Tomás Palanques-Pastor ,&nbsp;Vicente Merino Bohórquez ,&nbsp;Cristina Capilla Montes ,&nbsp;Joaquín Borras-Blasco","doi":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the degree of knowledge about biological therapy and biosimilars in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases treated in Outpatient Pharmaceutical Care Units.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Observational, prospective and multicenter study during the period May 2020-March 2021. A survey (9 questions) was conducted before starting treatment in which the patients' level of knowledge about biological therapy and biosimilars was assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 169 patients were included in the study. The average value for the different questions was 3.3 ± 0.6 out of 5, while the average final result was 29.4 points out of 45. Sixty-four percent of the patients had an acceptable level before starting the medication (&gt;27 points). The multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant correlation (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05) with a better score at the beginning of treatment in those patients whose prescribing service was Rheumatology.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In general, the level of knowledge prior to biological therapy in patients is acceptable, being higher in dosage and administration technique related-factors and what is related to the dosage and administration technique and where to find information related to the medication; the worst rated were those on biosimilars-related. The factor of being followed by rheumatology, was associated with better knowledge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45860,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 32-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141284994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Translated article] The challenge of the generational gap","authors":"Eva Negro-Vega ,&nbsp;Covadonga Pérez Menéndez-Conde","doi":"10.1016/j.farma.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.farma.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45860,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages T1-T2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El reto de la convivencia generacional","authors":"Eva Negro-Vega ,&nbsp;Covadonga Pérez Menéndez-Conde","doi":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45860,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medidas de resultados comunicados por el paciente para evaluar la dermatitis atópica","authors":"Gabriel Mercadal-Orfila ,&nbsp;Carlos Seguí-Solanes ,&nbsp;Nuria Rudi-Sola ,&nbsp;Maria Eugenia Escriva-Sancho ,&nbsp;Rosa Taberner-Ferrer","doi":"10.1016/j.farma.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.farma.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin condition that affects up to 20% of children and 10% of adults worldwide. Due to the high burden of dermatological signs and symptoms, atopic dermatitis has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients and their families. In the absence of objective measures to accurately assess severity and symptom burden, patient-reported outcome measures are essential to monitor the impact and progression of the disease, as well as the efficacy of treatments. Although there are currently no standardised guidelines for their use in clinical practice, there are some initiatives, such as the Harmonise Outcome Measures for Eczema and <em>Vivir con Dermatitis Atópica</em>, that can provide guidance. As healthcare systems move towards value-based healthcare models, patient-reported measures are becoming increasingly important for incorporating the patient perspective and improving the quality of healthcare services. The use of these measures can help monitor disease activity and guide treatment decisions. This article discusses the impact of atopic dermatitis and describes the patient-reported outcome measures commonly used in atopic dermatitis and the recommendations of the initiatives that have selected a core set of measures to best assess atopic dermatitis in clinical practice. Considering the recommendations of these initiatives and based on our experience in clinical practice, we propose the use of the Dermatology Life Quality Index to assess the impact of the disease on quality of life, the Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure to assess symptom severity, and the Numerical Rating Scale or the Visual Analogue Scale to measure itch intensity. To systematize the administration of these measures and to integrate them into hospital information systems and medical records, we emphasise the importance of telemedicine platforms that allow the electronic administration of these instruments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45860,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 37-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conciliación de la medicación en el paciente hematológico ingresado","authors":"Alejandro Sanjuán Belda ,&nbsp;María Vuelta Arce ,&nbsp;Jorge del Estal Jiménez ,&nbsp;Laura Canadell Vilarrasa","doi":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The main objective was to analyze unjustified discrepancies during the medication reconciliation process in patients admitted to the Hematology Service of our hospital and the pharmaceutical interventions. As a secondary objective, to detect possible points of the procedure to be perfected with a view to protocolizing the medication reconciliation process in hematological patients that adapts to the conditions of our center.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional observational pilot study carried out in a reference hospital in hematology for a population of 800,000 inhabitants. Adult inpatients admitted to the Hematology Service between August and October 2022 whose medication had been reconciled were included. The main variables were: number and type of unjustified discrepancy, proposed pharmaceutical intervention, and acceptance rate.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>36 conciliation processes were analyzed, 34 admissions and 2 intrahospital transfer. 58.3% of the patients presented at least one unjustified discrepancy. 38 unjustified discrepancies were detected, with an acceptance of pharmaceutical interventions of 97.4%. The most common types of discrepancy were medication omission (56.8%) and drug interaction (24.3%). The most frequent pharmaceutical interventions were reintroducing medication (48.6%) and treatment discontinuation (16.2%). Polypharmacy and chemotherapy multiplied by 4 the probability of presenting drug interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The most common unjustified discrepancies in the medication reconciliation process in hospitalized hematology patients are: Medication omission and drug interactions. The reintroduction of medication and suspension of the prescription are the most frequent accepted pharmaceutical interventions. Polypharmacy is related to an increase in unjustified discrepancies. The factors that promote the appearance of interactions are admissions to receive chemotherapy treatment and polypharmacy. The main point of improvement detected is the need to create a circuit that allows conciliation to be carried out on discharge. Medication reconciliation contribute to improving patient safety by reducing medication errors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45860,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 11-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Translated article] Medication reconciliation in hospitalized haematological patients","authors":"Alejandro Sanjuán Belda ,&nbsp;María Vuelta Arce ,&nbsp;Jorge del Estal Jiménez ,&nbsp;Laura Canadell Vilarrasa","doi":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The main objective is to analyse unjustified discrepancies found during the medication reconciliation process in patients admitted to the Haematology Service of our hospital, in addition to the pharmaceutical interventions carried out. As a secondary objective, to detect possible points of the procedure to be perfected with a view to protocolizing the medication reconciliation process in haematological patients that adapts to the conditions of our center.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional observational pilot study carried out in a reference hospital in haematology for a population of 800 000 inhabitants. Adult inpatients admitted to the Haematology Service between August and October 2022 whose medication had been reconciled were included. The main variables were: number and type of unjustified discrepancy, proposed pharmaceutical intervention, and degree of acceptance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>36 conciliation processes were analysed, 34 admissions and 2 intrahospital transfer. 58.3% of the patients presented some unjustified discrepancy. 38 unjustified discrepancies were detected, with an acceptance of pharmaceutical interventions of 97.4%. The most common types of discrepancy were medication omission (56.8%) and drug interaction (24.3%). The most frequent pharmaceutical interventions were reintroducing medication (48.6%) and suspending treatment (16.2%). Polypharmacy and receiving chemotherapy treatment multiply by 4 the probability of presenting drug interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The most common unjustified discrepancies in the medication reconciliation process in hospitalized haematology patients are: medication omission and drug interactions. The reintroduction of medication and suspension of the prescription are the most frequent accepted pharmaceutical interventions. Polypharmacy is related to an increase in unjustified discrepancies. The factors that promote the appearance of interactions are admissions to receive chemotherapy treatment and polypharmacy. The main point of improvement detected is the need to create a circuit that allows conciliation to be carried out on discharge. Medication reconciliation contribute to improving patient safety by reducing medication errors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45860,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages T11-T16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Translated article] Analysis of the situation of pharmaceutical care for patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases before and after the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Piedad López Sánchez ,&nbsp;Tomás Palanques Pastor ,&nbsp;Olatz Ibarra Barrueta ,&nbsp;Esther Ramírez Herráiz ,&nbsp;Míriam Casellas Gibert ,&nbsp;Emilio Monte Boquet","doi":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To describe, analyse, and compare the situation of pharmaceutical care consultations for outpatients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases of the Pharmacy Services of Spain at 2 different times.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Longitudinal, multicentre, and unidisciplinary descriptive observational study, carried out by the Immune-mediated Inflammatory Diseases Working Group of the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy through a virtual survey in 2019 and 2021. Variables were collected regarding coordination, resources, biosimilars, unmet needs, and telepharmacy. Numerical results were presented in absolute value and percentage and free-text responses were grouped by topic areas. To compare the results between the 2 collection times, the Chi-Square test was used with a significance level of <em>P</em> &lt; .05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The level of participation was 70 pharmacists in 2019 and 53 in 2021. The main significant findings obtained were an increase in participation in asthma biologic committees (<em>P</em> = .044) and care coordination in dermatology (<em>P</em> = .003) and digestive system (<em>P</em> = .022). The wide use of biosimilar biological medicines stood out, with a 15% increase in the exchange of the reference biological to the biosimilar. The lack of research in the field and insufficient human resources, among other unmet needs, were revealed. In the outpatient units, the use of the stratification model of the MAPEX project was a minority and an increase in the use of information and communication technologies was promoted. Motivated by the pandemic derived from COVID-19, telepharmacy was established for the first time in 85% of the centres, maintaining the service at 66% at the time of the second survey.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Outpatient units are undergoing constant change to adapt to new times, for which institutional support is needed to invest more resources to promote the development of strategies to reduce unmet needs. We must continue working to achieve a pharmaceutical practice that provides efficiency, safety, quality of life, and access to innovative drugs in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45860,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages T24-T31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bronchodilator administration by pressurized inhaler during invasive mechanical ventilation in adults: A scoping review","authors":"Kathleen Asturian,&nbsp;Mariana Balhego-Rocha,&nbsp;Diogo Pilger","doi":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.farma.2024.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify the administration characteristics and connection methods of bronchodilators by pressurized inhalers to the ventilatory circuit of patients under invasive mechanical ventilation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A scope review was conducted following the PRISMA for Scoping Review, using the PubMed, Embase Elsevier, Cochrane Library, and Lilacs databases without language restrictions, up to July 2023. Eligible sources included reviews and consensuses (based on clinical studies), experimental and observational studies involving adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit and undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation, regardless of the underlying condition, who used bronchodilator drugs contained in pressurized inhalers. Information regarding inhalation technique, pressurized inhalers connection mode to the circuit, and patient care were collected by 2 researchers independently, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. Studies involving bronchodilators combined with other pharmacological classes in the same device, as well as reviews containing preclinical studies, were excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 23 publications were included, comprising 19 clinical trials and 4 non-randomized experimental studies. Salbutamol (albuterol) was the bronchodilator of study in the majority of the articles (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->18), and the spacer device was the most commonly used to connect the pressurized inhaler to the circuit (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->15), followed by an in-line adapter (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->3), and a direct-acting device without chamber (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->3). Concerning the pressurized inhaler placement in the circuit, 18 studies positioned it in the inspiratory limb, and 19 studies synchronized the jet actuation with the start of the inspiratory phase. Agitation of the pressurized inhaler before each actuation, waiting time between actuations, airway suction before administration, and semi-recumbent patient positioning were the most commonly described measures across the studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This review provided insights into the aspects related to inhalation technique in mechanically ventilated patients, as well as the most prevalent findings and the existing gaps in knowledge regarding bronchodilator administration in this context. The evidence indicates the need for further research on this subject.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45860,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}