JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOBEHAVIORAL RESEARCH最新文献

To explore the biobehavioral differences between women and men with implications for the stress and distress they experience as well as for their roles in leadership. While most research in these domains focuses on the differences between women and men, we bring the focus to the within-group among women. We explore the asymmetry between men and women, attending to the implications for leadership and followership, with particular emphasis on the work–family boundary. Our method was biographical inquiry using a standard interview protocol to explore the challenges, work–family balance, and identities of three women leaders. The original biographic data come from two senior women C-level leaders and one successful woman entrepreneur. These original data also explore their simultaneous roles as wives and mothers. The results provided insight into the identity of women leaders who do not necessarily define themselves by their professional and leadership roles despite being successful and accomplished within those roles. A defining identity for all three leaders was their roles as mothers. We conclude that women are capable of being successful leaders while at the same time being wives and mothers if they so choose. These intractable roles are not mutually exclusive.

Purpose

We examined how heterogeneity in the patterns of adolescent experiences of different types and severity of peer victimization is associated with concurrent and longitudinal mental health, substance use, and physical health.

Method

Data come from a randomly recruited community-based sample of youth (T1 ages 12–18; N = 662; 52% female) followed biennially across 10 years (T6 ages 22–29; n = 478; 55% female).

Results

Using latent class analysis, we identified four classes of adolescent peer victimization: Low victimization (63%), Physical victimization only (15%), Relational victimization only (17%), and Poly-victimization (6%). Youth in the Poly-victimization class reported the most detrimental health consequences in adolescence (e.g., internalizing and externalizing symptoms, illicit drug use, physical symptoms, poor physical self-concept, physical activity) and in young adulthood (e.g., depressive symptoms, sleep problems). Youth in the Relational and Physical victimization classes also reported health problems, some of which persisted into young adulthood. Youth in the Low victimization class reported the fewest health concerns.

Conclusions

Findings add to our understanding of how different types of adolescent victimization are related to mental health, substance use, and physical health problems both within adolescence and long-term.

Objectives

Using Job Demands and Resources Theory (Demerouti & Bakker, 2011, South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 37, 1) as the guiding theoretical framework, the present study tested a model that included working condition variables (i.e., remuneration, workplace ergonomics, and work area), two psychosocial factors (i.e., perceived organizational support and psychological meaningfulness of work), and job satisfaction and work engagement among French dentists and dental assistants.

Method

A sample of 218 French self-employed dentists and 143 dental assistants were surveyed via a self-administered questionnaire.

Results

Multiple regression analysis revealed that the model accounted for 44% of variance in overall job satisfaction for dentists and 64% for dental assistants. In addition, the same model accounted for 39% of variation in overall work engagement for dentists and 50% for dental assistants. For both groups, the greatest part of the variance of job satisfaction and engagement at work was explained by psychosocial variables.

Discussion

This study underscores the importance of psychosocial factors in job satisfaction and engagement at work among dental teams. It also provides a more comprehensive understanding of these relationships.

Purpose

The burden of musculoskeletal conditions, particularly osteoarthritis (OA), is expected to increase in coming decades as the world's population ages, and obesity rates continue to rise. Self-management via lifestyle interventions, such as exercise and physical activity, is integral to minimizing pain and maintaining physical function, yet access to qualified health professionals for evidence-based advice and support is difficult for many people. This article discusses how technology provides new opportunities for delivering physiotherapy services remotely to people with persistent joint pain, through telephone, and internet-mediated video conferencing.

Methods

The evidence for effectiveness of such service models is reviewed. Key challenges to implementation are discussed, and future directions for research in the field are highlighted.

Results

There is emerging evidence that the provision of care via telephone and internet-mediated video technologies is effective for, and acceptable to, people with OA. Advantages include its convenience and accessibility, as well as the “hands-off” nature of consultations. Challenges include patient safety and privacy and workforce willingness and capacity to deliver care via non-traditional methods.

Conclusions

Using technology to deliver physiotherapy services to people with OA is feasible and acceptable to users; however, further research is required to expand the evidence-base for remotely-delivered physiotherapy service models.

This manuscript reviews the literature on and discusses the relationships among stress, health, and job performance in the workplace. All organizations expect employees to perform work-related tasks and activities that help fulfill the organization's goals. Job performance behaviors often occur in stressful situations and can be a stressor. The links among stress, health, and job performance are reviewed in the context of relevant theories and models. The bidirectional aspects of the relationships among: stress and job performance; performance and stress; health and job performance; and job performance and health are discussed. Job performance and stress are ubiquitous in the workplace and while research into the antecedents and consequences of both has provided some understanding, there is more to be gleaned by future research that includes both physiological and psychological measures which also takes the biopsychosocial context into account.

It is projected that by 2033 the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) will have at least a 10% increase in service utilization among female veterans (Yano et al., 2010), with that number rising each year. Research in the general population has revealed mixed but important findings surrounding the experience and manifestation of chronic pain across gender; therefore, it is important to continue exploration of these characteristics in veteran samples to inform chronic pain treatment efforts in the VA system. The current study explored personality and psychological differences between male and female veterans in an inpatient pain rehabilitation program, using the restructured form of the MMPI-2 (MMPI-2-RF). Analyses revealed fewer psychological and personality differences in female and male veterans with chronic pain than expected, with both groups endorsing high levels of somatic and internalizing difficulties and similar psychological processes underlying pain outcomes. Gender differences demonstrating larger effect sizes are explored, and implications for chronic pain treatment are discussed.