Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_145_22
Pei-Chen Li, Dah-Ching Ding
The incidence of urinary incontinence (UI) is approximately 10%-40% in women, affecting one to two hundred million women worldwide. Stress UI (SUI) is characterized by involuntary urination due to increased abdominal stress and urine leakage without bladder contraction. Surgical treatments include midurethral slings, bulking agents, and Burch colposuspension to restore urethral continence. Nevertheless, an optimal treatment for all types of incontinence has not yet been established. Stem-cell therapy has emerged as a novel treatment for many diseases. Stem cells can self-renew and can differentiate into other cell types. Adult stem cells are suitable for clinical applications because they can be easily obtained noninvasively or minimal invasively. Stem-cell therapy for SUI has been studied preclinically and clinically. Muscle-derived progenitors have been used to treat SUI by promoting the regeneration of rhabdomyosphincters. The human trial used transurethral injection of autologous muscle-derived stem cells to improve sphincter contractility and function. Other sources of stem cells have also been studied in SUI treatment, such as umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, bone marrow, urine, and adipose tissue. The success rate of stem-cell therapy for SUI ranges from 13% to 100%. This review aimed to summarize the current status of stem-cell treatments for SUI, with respect to clinical trials, cell types, transplantation routes, and dosage volume and frequency.
{"title":"Stem-cell therapy in stress urinary incontinence: A review.","authors":"Pei-Chen Li, Dah-Ching Ding","doi":"10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_145_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_145_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of urinary incontinence (UI) is approximately 10%-40% in women, affecting one to two hundred million women worldwide. Stress UI (SUI) is characterized by involuntary urination due to increased abdominal stress and urine leakage without bladder contraction. Surgical treatments include midurethral slings, bulking agents, and Burch colposuspension to restore urethral continence. Nevertheless, an optimal treatment for all types of incontinence has not yet been established. Stem-cell therapy has emerged as a novel treatment for many diseases. Stem cells can self-renew and can differentiate into other cell types. Adult stem cells are suitable for clinical applications because they can be easily obtained noninvasively or minimal invasively. Stem-cell therapy for SUI has been studied preclinically and clinically. Muscle-derived progenitors have been used to treat SUI by promoting the regeneration of rhabdomyosphincters. The human trial used transurethral injection of autologous muscle-derived stem cells to improve sphincter contractility and function. Other sources of stem cells have also been studied in SUI treatment, such as umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, bone marrow, urine, and adipose tissue. The success rate of stem-cell therapy for SUI ranges from 13% to 100%. This review aimed to summarize the current status of stem-cell treatments for SUI, with respect to clinical trials, cell types, transplantation routes, and dosage volume and frequency.</p>","PeriodicalId":45873,"journal":{"name":"Tzu Chi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c6/9e/TCMJ-35-111.PMC10227685.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9565967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: It is critical to quickly and easily identify coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients who become severely or even critically ill. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the accuracy of the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score in predicting the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients.
Materials and methods: This was a prospective observational study of COVID-19 patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) between June 22, 2021, and November 21, 2021. The clinical characteristics of the participants were collected by the emergency physicians. The correlation of the qSOFA, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome criteria (SIRS), Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), and confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure, 65 years of age and older (CURB-65) scores for 14-day mortality were evaluated. The area under a receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve analysis was calculated to compare the effectiveness of qSOFA, SIRS, PSI, and CURB-65 to predict severe disease.
Results: Eight hundred and ninety-four subjects were included. Of them, 721 patients (80.6%) survived after 14 days of admission. The mean age was 58.92 ± 17.80 years, and 551 subjects (61.6%) were male. Nonsurvived patients were significantly older (51.09 ± 23.60 vs. 38.10 ± 18.24, P = 0.004) and had more comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular disease) in comparison with survived patients. For COVID-19 mortality prediction, the AUROCs of qSOFA, CURB-65, PSI, and SIRS score were 0.799 (95% confidence interval [CI 0.771-0.825]), 0.829 (95% CI [0.803-0.853]), 0.830 (95% CI [0.804-0.854]), and 0.759 (95% CI [0.730-0.787]), respectively. All scores were good predictors of COVID-19 mortality.
Conclusion: The qSOFA was more successful than SIRS in predicting mortality for COVID-19 patients and was similar to CURB-65 and PSI. Therefore, the qSOFA score can be considered a simple and rapid screening tool for identifying high-risk patients.
{"title":"Predictive performance of qSOFA in confirmed COVID-19 patients presenting to the emergency department.","authors":"Farhad Heydari, Saeed Abbasi, Kiana Shirani, Majid Zamani, Babak Masoumi, Saeed Majidinejad, Mohammad Nasr-Esfahani, Mahsa Sadeghi-Aliabadi, Mohammadreza Arbab","doi":"10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_132_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_132_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>It is critical to quickly and easily identify coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients who become severely or even critically ill. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the accuracy of the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score in predicting the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a prospective observational study of COVID-19 patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) between June 22, 2021, and November 21, 2021. The clinical characteristics of the participants were collected by the emergency physicians. The correlation of the qSOFA, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome criteria (SIRS), Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), and confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure, 65 years of age and older (CURB-65) scores for 14-day mortality were evaluated. The area under a receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve analysis was calculated to compare the effectiveness of qSOFA, SIRS, PSI, and CURB-65 to predict severe disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight hundred and ninety-four subjects were included. Of them, 721 patients (80.6%) survived after 14 days of admission. The mean age was 58.92 ± 17.80 years, and 551 subjects (61.6%) were male. Nonsurvived patients were significantly older (51.09 ± 23.60 vs. 38.10 ± 18.24, <i>P</i> = 0.004) and had more comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular disease) in comparison with survived patients. For COVID-19 mortality prediction, the AUROCs of qSOFA, CURB-65, PSI, and SIRS score were 0.799 (95% confidence interval [CI 0.771-0.825]), 0.829 (95% CI [0.803-0.853]), 0.830 (95% CI [0.804-0.854]), and 0.759 (95% CI [0.730-0.787]), respectively. All scores were good predictors of COVID-19 mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The qSOFA was more successful than SIRS in predicting mortality for COVID-19 patients and was similar to CURB-65 and PSI. Therefore, the qSOFA score can be considered a simple and rapid screening tool for identifying high-risk patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":45873,"journal":{"name":"Tzu Chi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dd/77/TCMJ-35-182.PMC10227679.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9559044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_125_22
Sheng-Tzung Tsai, Hsin-Yi Huang
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target, and biological systems coordination, which meet the criteria of the network pharmacological application. Therefore, using network pharmacology to discover the relationship between TCM, diseases, and cellular responses is easily achievable. Aging-induced imbalanced homeostasis is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neuronal disease regulated by multiple genes. Meta-analysis of TCM in metabolic regulation to improve symptoms of AD helps understand the pharmacological effects. The drug targets of TCM can be investigated using a holistic network pharmacology approach to find potential modulators involved in AD-related metabolic pathways. Based on the theoretical prediction of TCM for AD, experimental validation is needed to develop pure compounds for specific treatments.
{"title":"Network pharmacology implicates traditional Chinese medicine in regulating systemic homeostasis to benefit Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Sheng-Tzung Tsai, Hsin-Yi Huang","doi":"10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_125_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_125_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target, and biological systems coordination, which meet the criteria of the network pharmacological application. Therefore, using network pharmacology to discover the relationship between TCM, diseases, and cellular responses is easily achievable. Aging-induced imbalanced homeostasis is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neuronal disease regulated by multiple genes. Meta-analysis of TCM in metabolic regulation to improve symptoms of AD helps understand the pharmacological effects. The drug targets of TCM can be investigated using a holistic network pharmacology approach to find potential modulators involved in AD-related metabolic pathways. Based on the theoretical prediction of TCM for AD, experimental validation is needed to develop pure compounds for specific treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":45873,"journal":{"name":"Tzu Chi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9c/74/TCMJ-35-120.PMC10227678.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9565968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Osteocalcin, a protein from osteoblasts, affects bone mineralization and turnover. This study evaluates the association between fasting serum osteocalcin and bone mineral density (BMD) in renal transplant recipients.
Materials and methods: This study recruited 66 renal transplant recipients. We analyzed blood biochemistry studies from fasting blood samples. The serum osteocalcin levels were measured using a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit. We measure BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in lumbar vertebrae (L2-L4). By the World Health Organization classification, we group recipients into three groups: normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis.
Results: Of the renal transplant recipients, 8 patients (12.1%) were osteoporosis, and 28 patients (42.4%) were osteopenia. From normal to osteoporosis groups, the osteoporosis group has highest serum osteocalcin (P < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.005), lowest body mass index (P = 0.015), and body weight (P = 0.008). Females had lower lumbar BMD than males among recruited renal transplant recipients (P = 0.023). In the multivariate forward stepwise linear regression analysis, body weight (adjusted R2 change = 0.138; P = 0.010), and logarithmically transformed osteocalcin (log-osteocalcin; adjusted R2 change = 0.131; P = 0.012) can predict lumbar BMD in the renal transplant recipients.
Conclusion: Our study showed that fasting serum osteocalcin concentration was negatively correlated with the lumbar BMD in renal transplant recipients.
{"title":"Inverse association of serum osteocalcin and bone mineral density in renal transplant recipients.","authors":"Wei-Chen Lin, Ming-Che Lee, Yen-Cheng Chen, Bang-Gee Hsu","doi":"10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_55_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_55_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Osteocalcin, a protein from osteoblasts, affects bone mineralization and turnover. This study evaluates the association between fasting serum osteocalcin and bone mineral density (BMD) in renal transplant recipients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study recruited 66 renal transplant recipients. We analyzed blood biochemistry studies from fasting blood samples. The serum osteocalcin levels were measured using a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit. We measure BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in lumbar vertebrae (L2-L4). By the World Health Organization classification, we group recipients into three groups: normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the renal transplant recipients, 8 patients (12.1%) were osteoporosis, and 28 patients (42.4%) were osteopenia. From normal to osteoporosis groups, the osteoporosis group has highest serum osteocalcin (<i>P</i> < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (<i>P</i> = 0.005), lowest body mass index (<i>P</i> = 0.015), and body weight (<i>P</i> = 0.008). Females had lower lumbar BMD than males among recruited renal transplant recipients (<i>P</i> = 0.023). In the multivariate forward stepwise linear regression analysis, body weight (adjusted <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> change = 0.138; <i>P</i> = 0.010), and logarithmically transformed osteocalcin (log-osteocalcin; adjusted R<sup>2</sup> change = 0.131; <i>P</i> = 0.012) can predict lumbar BMD in the renal transplant recipients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study showed that fasting serum osteocalcin concentration was negatively correlated with the lumbar BMD in renal transplant recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":45873,"journal":{"name":"Tzu Chi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c6/1d/TCMJ-35-165.PMC10227676.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9567426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are hospitalized, the limited space for activity, disease itself causes fever, muscle aches, fatigue, respiratory failure with mechanical ventilation, or medications such as steroids or neuromuscular blocking can cause muscle dysfunction. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) should be arranged for these patients with COVID-19. However, the literature on early PR within 1 week of admission on patients with COVID-19 are limited. This review focuses on early PR in COVID-19 patients admitted to isolation wards or intensive care units. The essential components of early PR programs include education, breathing exercise, airway clearance, and physical activity training. Breathing exercises, including diaphragmatic and pursed-lip breathing, are known to improve lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and are also recommended for COVID-19 patients. Poor airway clearance can further aggravate pneumonia. Airway clearance techniques help patients to clear sputum and prevent the aggravation of pneumonia. Early physical activity training allows patients to maintain limb muscle function during hospitalization. It is recommended to design appropriate indoor exercise training for patients with frequency 1-2 times a day, and intensity should not be too high (dyspnea Borg Scale ≤3) in the acute stage. In order to achieve safe training, criteria for selecting stable patients and training termination are important. Early PR may help reduce the length of hospital stay, maintain functional status, improve symptoms of dyspnea, relieve anxiety, and maintain health-related quality of life in these patients after discharge.
{"title":"Early pulmonary rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients in an isolation ward and intensive care unit.","authors":"Chou-Chin Lan, Po-Chun Hsieh, Mei-Chen Yang, Wen-Lin Su, Chih-Wei Wu, Hsiang-Yu Huang, Yao-Kuang Wu","doi":"10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_136_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_136_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are hospitalized, the limited space for activity, disease itself causes fever, muscle aches, fatigue, respiratory failure with mechanical ventilation, or medications such as steroids or neuromuscular blocking can cause muscle dysfunction. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) should be arranged for these patients with COVID-19. However, the literature on early PR within 1 week of admission on patients with COVID-19 are limited. This review focuses on early PR in COVID-19 patients admitted to isolation wards or intensive care units. The essential components of early PR programs include education, breathing exercise, airway clearance, and physical activity training. Breathing exercises, including diaphragmatic and pursed-lip breathing, are known to improve lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and are also recommended for COVID-19 patients. Poor airway clearance can further aggravate pneumonia. Airway clearance techniques help patients to clear sputum and prevent the aggravation of pneumonia. Early physical activity training allows patients to maintain limb muscle function during hospitalization. It is recommended to design appropriate indoor exercise training for patients with frequency 1-2 times a day, and intensity should not be too high (dyspnea Borg Scale ≤3) in the acute stage. In order to achieve safe training, criteria for selecting stable patients and training termination are important. Early PR may help reduce the length of hospital stay, maintain functional status, improve symptoms of dyspnea, relieve anxiety, and maintain health-related quality of life in these patients after discharge.</p>","PeriodicalId":45873,"journal":{"name":"Tzu Chi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a4/89/TCMJ-35-137.PMC10227681.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9559050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: This study investigated the changes of lower urinary tract function after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RaRP) with 1-year urodynamic follow-up.
Materials and methods: Clinically localized prostate cancer patients receiving RaRP were prospectively enrolled. We analyzed their clinical symptoms, stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urge urinary incontinence (UUI) status, and videourodynamic studies (VUDSs) during the postoperative 1st year.
Results: In total, 74 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 69.4 ± 8.1 years, a mean total prostate volume of 34.7 ± 15.9 mL, a ≥pT3 stage proportion of 37.8%, and a positive surgical margin rate of 18.9%. The International Prostate Symptom Score significantly reduced from 7.3 ± 6.0 before surgery to 4.1 ± 4.1 at postoperative 1 year. Significantly increased full sensation, reduced detrusor voiding pressure, increased maximal urinary flow rate, and decreased bladder outlet obstruction index were noted at 1-year VUDS follow-up. The changes of VUDS parameters were significantly different between the patients with and without preoperative bladder outlet obstruction. At postoperative 1 year, 8.1% and 6.8% of patients experienced SUI and UUI, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the factors of T stage ≥3, preoperative detrusor overactivity (DO), and positive surgical margin were the independent predictors of immediate SUI and SUI at 3 and 12 months, respectively.
Conclusion: During the 1st year after RaRP, patients experienced significant changes of lower urinary tract function demonstrated in VUDS with the improvement in clinical symptoms. Factors of T stage ≥3, preoperative DO, and positive surgical margin were the predictors of postoperative SUI.
{"title":"Changes of lower urinary tract function after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: An urodynamic follow-up within 1 year.","authors":"Yuan-Hong Jiang, Hann-Chorng Kuo","doi":"10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_96_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_96_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the changes of lower urinary tract function after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RaRP) with 1-year urodynamic follow-up.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Clinically localized prostate cancer patients receiving RaRP were prospectively enrolled. We analyzed their clinical symptoms, stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urge urinary incontinence (UUI) status, and videourodynamic studies (VUDSs) during the postoperative 1<sup>st</sup> year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 74 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 69.4 ± 8.1 years, a mean total prostate volume of 34.7 ± 15.9 mL, a ≥pT3 stage proportion of 37.8%, and a positive surgical margin rate of 18.9%. The International Prostate Symptom Score significantly reduced from 7.3 ± 6.0 before surgery to 4.1 ± 4.1 at postoperative 1 year. Significantly increased full sensation, reduced detrusor voiding pressure, increased maximal urinary flow rate, and decreased bladder outlet obstruction index were noted at 1-year VUDS follow-up. The changes of VUDS parameters were significantly different between the patients with and without preoperative bladder outlet obstruction. At postoperative 1 year, 8.1% and 6.8% of patients experienced SUI and UUI, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the factors of T stage ≥3, preoperative detrusor overactivity (DO), and positive surgical margin were the independent predictors of immediate SUI and SUI at 3 and 12 months, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During the 1<sup>st</sup> year after RaRP, patients experienced significant changes of lower urinary tract function demonstrated in VUDS with the improvement in clinical symptoms. Factors of T stage ≥3, preoperative DO, and positive surgical margin were the predictors of postoperative SUI.</p>","PeriodicalId":45873,"journal":{"name":"Tzu Chi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b7/ae/TCMJ-35-158.PMC10227689.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9565966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_305_22
Jyun-Guo Wang
Gastric cancer is among the most common cancers and the second-leading cause of death globally. A variety of artificial intelligence (AI) applications have been developed to facilitate the image-based diagnosis of gastric cancer through pathological analysis, endoscopy, and computerized tomography. This article provides an overview of these AI applications as well as suggestions pertaining to future developments in this field and their application in clinical practice.
{"title":"Application and future perspectives of gastric cancer technology based on artificial intelligence.","authors":"Jyun-Guo Wang","doi":"10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_305_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_305_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer is among the most common cancers and the second-leading cause of death globally. A variety of artificial intelligence (AI) applications have been developed to facilitate the image-based diagnosis of gastric cancer through pathological analysis, endoscopy, and computerized tomography. This article provides an overview of these AI applications as well as suggestions pertaining to future developments in this field and their application in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":45873,"journal":{"name":"Tzu Chi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5b/6d/TCMJ-35-148.PMC10227690.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9565969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_151_22
Abdulameer Jasim Jawad Al-Gburi
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate if the diastolic reserve is different in prediabetes versus control during exercise.
Materials and methods: During the resting stage and graded supine bicycling exertion (25 W, 3 min increment), the mitral inflow and septal mitral annular velocities were determined in 50 patients with prediabetes (21 females, mean age 48 ± 16 years) and 50 gender- and age-matched controls. None demonstrated rest or inducible cardiac ischemia on echocardiography.
Results: Between the two study groups, the velocities of the mitral inflow (E) and septal mitral annulus (E') at rest are not significantly different. E' during exercise, on the other hand, was significantly lower in individuals with prediabetes than in controls (8.57 ± 2.46 vs. 9.82 ± 2.42 cm/s at 25 W, P = 0.012; 9.42 ± 1.93 vs. 11.15±2.97 cm/s at 50 W, P = 0.001). E/E' behaves oppositely during exercise with a value that is significantly higher in patients with prediabetes.
Conclusion: The diastolic reserve of the left ventricle, as determined by the change in E' and E/E' throughout exercise, is abnormal in individuals with prediabetes who do not have overt cardiac disease. Using exercise stress echocardiography may be helpful for the early recognition of subclinical diastolic dysfunction in prediabetics which may have clinical repercussions in the future.
目的:本研究的目的是评估运动期间糖尿病前期与对照组的舒张储备是否不同。材料和方法:对50例糖尿病前期患者(女性21例,平均年龄48±16岁)和50例性别和年龄相匹配的对照组进行静息期和仰卧脚踏车运动(25 W,增量3 min)时二尖瓣内流和二尖瓣间隔环速度的测定。超声心动图显示无休息或诱导性心脏缺血。结果:两组间二尖瓣流入速度(E)和二尖瓣间隔环速度(E’)在静止状态下无显著差异。另一方面,糖尿病前期患者运动时的E′显著低于对照组(25 W时为8.57±2.46 vs 9.82±2.42 cm/s, P = 0.012;(9.42±1.93 vs. 11.15±2.97 cm/s, P = 0.001)。E/E'在运动中表现相反,在糖尿病前期患者中明显更高。结论:通过运动过程中E′和E/E′的变化确定的左心室舒张储备在没有明显心脏病的糖尿病前期患者中是异常的。运动应激超声心动图有助于早期识别糖尿病前期患者的亚临床舒张功能不全,并可能在将来产生临床影响。
{"title":"Left ventricular diastolic reserve by exercise stress echocardiography in prediabetes.","authors":"Abdulameer Jasim Jawad Al-Gburi","doi":"10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_151_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_151_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to evaluate if the diastolic reserve is different in prediabetes versus control during exercise.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>During the resting stage and graded supine bicycling exertion (25 W, 3 min increment), the mitral inflow and septal mitral annular velocities were determined in 50 patients with prediabetes (21 females, mean age 48 ± 16 years) and 50 gender- and age-matched controls. None demonstrated rest or inducible cardiac ischemia on echocardiography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between the two study groups, the velocities of the mitral inflow (E) and septal mitral annulus (E') at rest are not significantly different. E' during exercise, on the other hand, was significantly lower in individuals with prediabetes than in controls (8.57 ± 2.46 vs. 9.82 ± 2.42 cm/s at 25 W, <i>P</i> = 0.012; 9.42 ± 1.93 vs. 11.15±2.97 cm/s at 50 W, <i>P</i> = 0.001). E/E' behaves oppositely during exercise with a value that is significantly higher in patients with prediabetes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The diastolic reserve of the left ventricle, as determined by the change in E' and E/E' throughout exercise, is abnormal in individuals with prediabetes who do not have overt cardiac disease. Using exercise stress echocardiography may be helpful for the early recognition of subclinical diastolic dysfunction in prediabetics which may have clinical repercussions in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":45873,"journal":{"name":"Tzu Chi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/12/33/TCMJ-35-188.PMC10227684.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9565964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_223_22
Falah Hasan Obayes Al-Khikani, Zaytoon Abdulridha Alkhafaji
Objectives: The objective of the current study was to check the link between potential polymorphism in IL12A rs568408 and the possible risk of COVID-19 in the Iraqi population.
Materials and methods: Allele specific-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was carried out for genotyping and detection of IL12A rs568408 gene polymorphism in a case-control study of 125 severe COVID-19 cases and 60 controls. Patients were admitted to either Marjan medical city or Al-Sadeq hospital's COVID-19 wards between January and June 2022 in Iraq. The diagnosis of COVID-19 in each patient was confirmed by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2-positive reverse transcription-PCR.
Results: The distribution of both genotyping and allele frequencies of IL-12A rs568408 revealed significant differences between patients and control groups (P = 0.006 and P = 0.001, respectively). The IL12A rs568408 AA and AG variant genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] = 5.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-23.82; P = 0.034) and (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.16-4.94, P = 0.018), respectively, compared with the wild-type GG homozygote.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that IL12A rs568408 GA/AA variant may contribute to the risk of COVID-19. This study is the first report about the association of IL12A rs568408 with COVID-19.
目的:本研究的目的是检查伊拉克人群中IL12A rs568408的潜在多态性与COVID-19可能风险之间的联系。材料与方法:采用等位基因特异性聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术对125例COVID-19重症病例和60例对照患者进行基因分型和IL12A rs568408基因多态性检测。2022年1月至6月期间,伊拉克的马尔詹医疗城或Al-Sadeq医院的COVID-19病房收治了患者。所有患者均经严重急性呼吸道冠状病毒2型阳性逆转录pcr检测确诊为COVID-19。结果:IL-12A rs568408基因分型分布及等位基因频率在患者与对照组间差异均有统计学意义(P = 0.006, P = 0.001)。IL12A rs568408 AA和AG变异基因型与COVID-19风险显著增加相关(优势比[OR] = 5.19, 95%可信区间[CI]: 1.13-23.82;P = 0.034)和(OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.16-4.94, P = 0.018)。结论:IL12A rs568408 GA/AA变异可能与COVID-19的风险有关。本研究首次报道了IL12A rs568408与COVID-19的关联。
{"title":"The rs568408 variant in the IL-12A gene is associated with risk for COVID-19 in Iraqi patients.","authors":"Falah Hasan Obayes Al-Khikani, Zaytoon Abdulridha Alkhafaji","doi":"10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_223_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_223_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of the current study was to check the link between potential polymorphism in IL12A rs568408 and the possible risk of COVID-19 in the Iraqi population.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Allele specific-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was carried out for genotyping and detection of IL12A rs568408 gene polymorphism in a case-control study of 125 severe COVID-19 cases and 60 controls. Patients were admitted to either Marjan medical city or Al-Sadeq hospital's COVID-19 wards between January and June 2022 in Iraq. The diagnosis of COVID-19 in each patient was confirmed by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2-positive reverse transcription-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The distribution of both genotyping and allele frequencies of IL-12A rs568408 revealed significant differences between patients and control groups (<i>P</i> = 0.006 and <i>P</i> = 0.001, respectively). The IL12A rs568408 AA and AG variant genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] = 5.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-23.82; <i>P</i> = 0.034) and (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.16-4.94, <i>P</i> = 0.018), respectively, compared with the wild-type GG homozygote.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that IL12A rs568408 GA/AA variant may contribute to the risk of COVID-19. This study is the first report about the association of IL12A rs568408 with COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":45873,"journal":{"name":"Tzu Chi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4a/f4/TCMJ-35-152.PMC10227677.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9559043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_255_22
Ro-Wei Wu, Chung-Hsing Chang
Objectives: Orthopedic implants have improved the quality of life in aging society but also induces several kinds of tissue reactions, referred to as orthopedic implant hypersensitivity (OIH). The aim of our study is to report the clinical characteristics of OIH and the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on these groups of patients.
Materials and methods: We collected cases that complained of skin rashes with pruritus after orthopedic implants from January 2017 to June 2022 at the Dermatology clinic in Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital. We recorded the sites and material of orthopedic implants, skin lesions onset time, symptoms, location after implantation, and the disease duration. Laboratory tests were measured, including complete blood count, differential count, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level, as well as inflammatory and autoimmune markers. PBMT, including UVB311 nm or low-level laser therapy 808 nm, was performed. Dose, duration, and response were documented.
Results: Fourteen patients were diagnosed with OIH; twelve presented with localized eczema at the implant sites, and two with generalized eczema. Eleven patients (78.6%) had either elevated eosinophils percentage (>6%) or IgE level (>200 U/mL) or both. Seven patients (50%) had favorable outcome after PBMT and successfully withdrew from systemic steroid.
Conclusion: In our case series, localized eczema at implant sites was a common cutaneous presentation in OIH. Hence, a surgical scar at the eczema site or long-term waxing and waning generalized eczema should prompt physicians on the possibility of OIH. Blood eosinophils percentage and serum IgE level can be reference biomarkers for OIH. PBMT provides a noninvasive and effective treatment strategy for immune regulation and tissue regeneration.
{"title":"Orthopedic implant hypersensitivity: Characterization of clinical presentation and effects of photobiomodulation therapy.","authors":"Ro-Wei Wu, Chung-Hsing Chang","doi":"10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_255_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_255_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Orthopedic implants have improved the quality of life in aging society but also induces several kinds of tissue reactions, referred to as orthopedic implant hypersensitivity (OIH). The aim of our study is to report the clinical characteristics of OIH and the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on these groups of patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We collected cases that complained of skin rashes with pruritus after orthopedic implants from January 2017 to June 2022 at the Dermatology clinic in Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital. We recorded the sites and material of orthopedic implants, skin lesions onset time, symptoms, location after implantation, and the disease duration. Laboratory tests were measured, including complete blood count, differential count, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level, as well as inflammatory and autoimmune markers. PBMT, including UVB311 nm or low-level laser therapy 808 nm, was performed. Dose, duration, and response were documented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen patients were diagnosed with OIH; twelve presented with localized eczema at the implant sites, and two with generalized eczema. Eleven patients (78.6%) had either elevated eosinophils percentage (>6%) or IgE level (>200 U/mL) or both. Seven patients (50%) had favorable outcome after PBMT and successfully withdrew from systemic steroid.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our case series, localized eczema at implant sites was a common cutaneous presentation in OIH. Hence, a surgical scar at the eczema site or long-term waxing and waning generalized eczema should prompt physicians on the possibility of OIH. Blood eosinophils percentage and serum IgE level can be reference biomarkers for OIH. PBMT provides a noninvasive and effective treatment strategy for immune regulation and tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":45873,"journal":{"name":"Tzu Chi Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bc/4b/TCMJ-35-176.PMC10227683.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9571331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}