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Knowledge and Attitudes of Young People toward Mental Illness: A Cross Sectional Study 青年人对精神疾病的认识和态度的横断面研究
IF 2.1 Pub Date : 2019-10-04 DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2019.1670752
O. Al Omari, D. Wynaden, A. Alkhawaldeh, W. Al-Delaimy, Karen R Heslop, Khloud Al Dameery, Ayman Bani Salameh
ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to investigate young Jordanians’ knowledge and attitudes toward people who have a mental illness. A cross sectional design was utilized. A convenient sample of 858 participants aged between 15–24 years old completed a survey. Participants under 19 years were accessed through their schools and those 19 years and above were accessed through universities. Results showed that although the majority of university and school students’ responses were generally consistent, they disagreed on 11 items on the survey; for example, 186 (39.3%) of university students agreed that mental illness has a biological origin compared with only 119 (30%) of school students. The majority of young people 737 (85.9%) were willing to learn and 792 (92.3%) felt that they have to help people with mental illness, which make them willing to learn. In conclusion, the findings provide insights for decision makers and researchers in Jordan about young peoples’ knowledge and attitudes toward mental illness. Increasing young adults’ literacy through introducing educational programs such as mental health first aid courses will enrich their knowledge; help change attitudes and reduce stigma toward people living with mental illness.
摘要本研究的目的是调查约旦年轻人对精神疾病患者的知识和态度。采用了横截面设计。858名年龄在15-24岁之间的参与者完成了一项调查。19岁以下的参与者通过他们的学校获得,19岁及以上的参与者通过大学获得。结果显示,尽管大多数大学生和中学生的回答总体一致,但他们在调查的11个项目上存在分歧;例如,186名(39.3%)大学生认为精神疾病有生物学原因,而在校学生只有119名(30%)。大多数年轻人737人(85.9%)愿意学习,792人(92.3%)认为他们必须帮助患有精神疾病的人,这使他们愿意学习。总之,这些发现为约旦的决策者和研究人员提供了关于年轻人对精神疾病的知识和态度的见解。通过引入心理健康急救课程等教育项目提高年轻人的识字率,将丰富他们的知识;有助于改变人们的态度,减少对精神疾病患者的污名。
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引用次数: 9
Partnerships and the Paradoxes of Parenting Children Living with Illness 伙伴关系和养育患有疾病的孩子的悖论
IF 2.1 Pub Date : 2019-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2019.1683386
Duncan C Randall
It seems obvious to state that children need parents, but yet in stating the blindingly obvious, we can sometimes uncover neglected ideas, hiding in plain sight. As Mayall (2002) pointed out, children need an adult who is available and reliable. It does not matter who that is, but an adult must fill this role to facilitate children’s maturation into adult society. It seems equally obvious that illness would disrupt a child’s relationships. Lastly, it does not take a genius to observe that nurses work with children and this requires them to work with those who care for children (in the main, the available and reliable adults in the child’s life). So why have nurses paid so little attention to the ways in which children living with illness are parented? Sure, there are papers on parental coping with specific diseases and conditions (Allen, 2014; Cataudella & Zelcer, 2012;Wei et al., 2016) and work by psychologists on parental coping (Darlington, Korones, & Norton, 2017; Heath, Farre, & Shaw, 2016), but very little from nurses (Coyne, 2008). Consider that nurses rely on parents to deliver care. Indeed, nurses might want to facilitate and encourage parental care as an experience of childhood, because children benefit from being looked after by their parents (carers) when they are unwell (Randall, 2018). This experience might be shared with other children who have illness in childhood or other challenges and who are supported and nurtured by their parents (carers). Yet we have no measures to assess how well parents are parenting a child who lives with illness. We do not have a valid and reliable way to determine if parents are able to undertake their role as parents, nor if they have the capacity, skills, and understanding to deliver nursing care delegated by nurses and the medical team. Often nurses will use an intuitive approach, such as, for instance, stating that families are not coping or mothers/fathers are close to breaking down! While intuition can be helpful it can also be subject to unconscious bias. Some carers may show their distress when feeling under pressure, others may seek to hide their distress or display behaviors that nurses do not associate with being unable to cope. Thus, while intuition may identify some parents who are struggling, it may not help nurses to identify all parents. If an intuitive unstructured approach is adopted, there is also a danger that those who shout loudest and in behave in
孩子需要父母,这似乎是显而易见的,但在陈述这些显而易见的事实时,我们有时会发现隐藏在眼前的被忽视的想法。正如Mayall(2002)所指出的,孩子们需要一个可用的、可靠的成年人。这个角色是谁并不重要,但一个成年人必须扮演好这个角色,以促进孩子在成人社会中的成熟。同样明显的是,疾病会破坏孩子的人际关系。最后,不难看出,护士是和孩子一起工作的,这就要求她们和那些照顾孩子的人(主要是孩子生活中可用的、可靠的成年人)一起工作。那么,为什么护士很少关注患病儿童的父母养育方式呢?当然,有关于父母应对特定疾病和条件的论文(Allen, 2014;Cataudella & Zelcer, 2012;Wei et ., 2016)以及心理学家对父母应对的研究(Darlington, Korones, & Norton, 2017;Heath, Farre, & Shaw, 2016),但很少来自护士(Coyne, 2008)。考虑到护士依靠父母提供护理。事实上,护士可能希望促进和鼓励父母照顾作为童年的一种经历,因为当孩子生病时,他们的父母(照顾者)会照顾他们(Randall, 2018)。这一经验可以与其他儿童分享,这些儿童在童年时期患病或面临其他挑战,并得到父母(照顾者)的支持和培养。然而,我们没有办法评估父母对患有疾病的孩子的教育水平。我们没有一个有效和可靠的方法来确定父母是否能够承担父母的角色,也没有一个有效和可靠的方法来确定他们是否有能力、技能和理解来提供护士和医疗团队委托的护理。护士通常会使用一种直观的方法,例如,说家庭无法应对或母亲/父亲接近崩溃!虽然直觉可能有帮助,但它也可能受到无意识偏见的影响。一些护理人员在感到压力时可能会表现出他们的痛苦,另一些人可能会试图隐藏他们的痛苦或表现出护士不认为无法应对的行为。因此,虽然直觉可以识别出一些正在挣扎的父母,但它可能无法帮助护士识别所有的父母。如果采用一种直观的非结构化方法,也存在一种危险,即那些喊得最大声的人会采取行动
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引用次数: 0
Promoting Optimum Nutrition During Infancy 促进婴儿期最佳营养
IF 2.1 Pub Date : 2019-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2019.1683381
E. Glasper
ABSTRACT Editor in chief emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses a new report published by the Dutch multinational company Philips which re-examines the benefits of breastfeeding for infants.
摘要南安普顿大学名誉主编Alan Glasper教授讨论了荷兰跨国公司飞利浦发布的一份新报告,该报告重新审视了母乳喂养对婴儿的好处。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Motivational Interviewing with Mothers on Media Interaction and Aggression Behaviours of Preschool-Aged Children 母亲动机性访谈对学龄前儿童媒体互动和攻击行为的影响
IF 2.1 Pub Date : 2019-08-19 DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2019.1651788
D. Akçay, O. N. Emiroğlu
ABSTRACT This study evaluates the effect of motivational interviewing with mothers on media interaction and aggression of preschool-aged children. This study was conducted as a quasi-experimental/pre-experimental research in order to evaluate the effect of motivational interviewing with mothers on media interaction and aggression of preschool-aged children. The motivational interviews conducted with the mothers focused on the stages of change and were performed as two face-to-face sessions and two telephone call sessions. While the pre and post-intervention prosocial behavior sub-dimension scores of the children were shown to increase, the overt physical aggression and relational aggression sub-dimension scores were found to decrease. Motivational interviewing technique can be effective for mothers who need to increase control of their children and set limits on media interaction. Nurses in this field can apply the MI technique and help parents to develop behavioral changes.
摘要本研究旨在探讨母亲动机访谈对学龄前儿童媒介互动和攻击行为的影响。本研究采用准实验/预实验的方式,探讨母亲动机访谈对学龄前儿童媒介互动和攻击行为的影响。对母亲进行的动机性访谈侧重于变化的阶段,分为两次面对面访谈和两次电话访谈。干预前和干预后儿童的亲社会行为子维度得分均有所提高,而显性身体攻击和关系攻击子维度得分则有所降低。动机访谈技术对于需要加强对孩子的控制并限制媒体互动的母亲来说是有效的。该领域的护士可以应用MI技术,帮助家长发展行为改变。
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引用次数: 4
Caring for Children with Non-Accidental Head Injuries: A Case for a Child-Centered Approach 照顾非意外头部受伤的儿童:一个以儿童为中心的方法
IF 2.1 Pub Date : 2019-08-19 DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2019.1654039
K. Gibbs, A. Dickinson, S. Rasmussen
ABSTRACT Child abuse remains a significant issue. Non-accidental head injury (NAHI) is a major cause of mortality in young children with survivors often having to live a life with severe developmental and neurological dysfunction. The aim of this hermeneutic phenomenological research study was to examine the lived experiences of nurses who care for children and their families admitted to hospital with a non-accidental head injury. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six nurses who had at least five years’ experience of nursing children with NAHI. Following the interpretive approach described by van Manen data was analyzed and two essential themes identified. Firstly, nursing children with NAHI is different from the care of children admitted with a similar neurological injury related to accidental injuries or medical conditions. Secondly, when nursing these children nurses adopt protective qualities, conceptualized in this study as a shield of protection. The findings of this study support the findings of other studies in regard to the emotional labor required of nurses caring for children who have been subject to child abuse and the importance for nurses of maintaining a professional demeanor. The study highlighted the tensions of sustaining a family-centered care approach when caring for a child with NAHI. It is argued that greater acknowledgment and emotional support for nurses is needed and that a child-centered approach offers a more compatible model of care than Family-Centered Care in the acute phase of caring for children with a NAHI.
儿童虐待仍然是一个严重的问题。非意外头部损伤(NAHI)是幼儿死亡的一个主要原因,幸存者往往不得不生活在严重的发育和神经功能障碍中。本解释学现象学研究的目的是研究护士的生活经验谁照顾儿童和他们的家庭入院与非意外的头部损伤。对6名至少有5年护理NAHI患儿经验的护士进行了半结构化访谈。根据van Manen描述的解释方法,对数据进行了分析,并确定了两个基本主题。首先,对NAHI患儿的护理不同于对因意外伤害或医疗条件导致的类似神经损伤患儿的护理。其次,在护理这些儿童时,护士采用保护性素质,在本研究中被定义为保护的盾牌。本研究的结果支持了其他关于照顾遭受虐待儿童的护士所需要的情绪劳动的研究结果,以及护士保持职业风度的重要性。该研究强调了在照顾患有NAHI的儿童时维持以家庭为中心的护理方法的紧张关系。有人认为,需要对护士给予更多的认可和情感支持,并且在照顾患有NAHI的儿童的急性阶段,以儿童为中心的方法提供了比以家庭为中心的护理更兼容的护理模式。
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引用次数: 0
Experiences of Iranian Teen Mothers with Parenting Stress: A Qualitative Study 伊朗青少年母亲养育压力的经验:一项质性研究
IF 2.1 Pub Date : 2019-08-14 DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2019.1651420
Batool Tirgari, M. Rayyani, M. Cheraghi, Maasoumeh Mangeli
ABSTRACT Early motherhood may develop various stresses for the teen mothers and have adverse consequences. Current research aims at exploring experiences of teen mothers with stress and stressors of early motherhood. This qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis through in-depth semistructured interview. Eighteen Iranian teen mothers, who experienced parenting stress, with maximum variation in the age of first pregnancy, child’s age, place of residence, and financial condition took part in this research. Data collection continued until saturation and were analyzed using MAXQDA10 software. Data analysis led to extraction of five categories including “storm of anxiety,” “wander identity,” “an unaccompanied way,” “unarmed combat,” and “a tired body.” Teen mothers experienced tensions such as fear and worry, isolation and loneliness, regret, shame, depression, and doubt. These tensions originated from identity conflicts, inadequate social support, role inefficiencies, physical problems, and responsibilities. Teen mothers are influenced by various physical, psychological, social, and economic stressors which are in relation with the teenage, motherhood role, and the environment. Nurses are the major source of support for the teen mothers. Nurses should identify stress and stressors in teen mothers and strengthen well-being feeling in the teen mothers and their children through care, educational, consultative, and coordination interventions.
早期做母亲可能会给十几岁的母亲带来各种压力,并产生不良后果。目前的研究旨在探索青少年母亲在做母亲早期的压力和压力源中的经历。这项定性研究是通过深入的半结构访谈,采用传统的内容分析进行的。18名伊朗青少年母亲参与了这项研究,她们经历了育儿压力,第一次怀孕的年龄、孩子的年龄、居住地和经济状况变化最大。数据收集持续到饱和,并使用MAXQDA10软件进行分析。数据分析得出了五个类别,包括“焦虑风暴”、“流浪身份”、“无人陪伴的方式”、“手无寸铁的战斗”和“疲惫的身体”。青少年母亲经历了恐惧和担忧、孤立和孤独、后悔、羞耻、抑郁和怀疑等紧张情绪。这些紧张关系源于身份冲突、社会支持不足、角色效率低下、身体问题和责任。青少年母亲受到各种生理、心理、社会和经济压力的影响,这些压力与青少年、母亲角色和环境有关。护士是支持青少年母亲的主要来源。护士应识别青少年母亲的压力和压力源,并通过护理、教育、咨询和协调干预来增强青少年母亲及其子女的幸福感。
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引用次数: 6
Enhancing the Uptake of Vaccines in Childhood 加强儿童接种疫苗
IF 2.1 Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2019.1636607
E. Glasper
ABSTRACT Emeritus Professor Edward Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, considers the use of vaccines to prevent illnesses among children and discusses a range of initiatives and strategies used to address parental fears related to immunization.
南安普顿大学的名誉教授Edward Alan Glasper考虑使用疫苗来预防儿童疾病,并讨论了一系列用于解决父母对免疫接种的恐惧的倡议和策略。
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引用次数: 6
Canadian Pediatric Populations and Specific Challenges 加拿大儿科人口和特殊挑战
IF 2.1 Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2019.1650599
C. Sanders, Karen Breen-Reid, Shannon Scarisbrick
Canada comprises 10 provinces and 3 territories covering a landmass of 9.985 million square kilometers. Population density for the most part is in the south part of Canada along the border with the United States. However, there are many smaller rural and/or remote communities, especially in northern Canada. Environmental factors such as weather and long distances between patient and provider and transport issues such as no road access to communities can isolate populations and inhibit recruitment and retention of health-care staff. Such difficulties limit access to acute and specialist health-care infrastructure and resources (Auditor General of British Columbia, 2018). Health-care delivery across Canada is impacted by provincial and territorial government in organizing and resourcing health care. Federal government cofinances some health programs and has informed various funding models, i.e., nonprofit hospitals, fee-for-service, and medication payment policies (Government of Canada, 2018). While approximately 37 million people live in Canada, over the last 40 years (1971–2010), the proportion of those less than 24 years of age has declined by 18.2% (Statistics Canada, 2010). While children account for approximately 16.5% of the population (Statistics Canada, 2010), little variation exists across age groups: 1.9 million (0–4 years), 2 million (5–9 years), 2 million (10–14 years), and 2.1 million (15–19 years) (Statistics Canada, 2017). For indigenous children and youth living in Canada, there is a legacy of colonization, residential schools, and the impact this holds for families and caregivers, community, and nursing (Unicef, 2009). The importance of cultural competence, trauma-informed care, and indigenous knowing are critical when working with all children and their families. When delivering culturally appropriate care to First Nation,Métis, and Inuit people, children’s nurses (or care providers)must also consider Jordan’s Principle (Government of Canada, 2019). The Canadian Human Rights Tribunal (2016) ruled that approaches to health, social care, and community services for First Nations children were discriminatory, resulting in legislation changes outlined in Jordan’s Principle.
加拿大由10个省和3个地区组成,陆地面积998.5万平方公里。人口密度主要集中在加拿大南部与美国接壤的地区。然而,有许多较小的农村和/或偏远社区,特别是在加拿大北部。天气、病人和提供者之间距离遥远等环境因素,以及通往社区的道路不通等交通问题,都可能使人群孤立,并阻碍保健工作人员的招聘和保留。这些困难限制了获得急症和专科保健基础设施和资源(不列颠哥伦比亚省审计长,2018年)。加拿大各地的保健服务受到省和地区政府在组织和提供保健资源方面的影响。联邦政府共同资助一些卫生方案,并告知各种供资模式,即非营利性医院、按服务收费和药物支付政策(加拿大政府,2018年)。在过去的40年里(1971-2010年),大约有3700万人生活在加拿大,24岁以下人口的比例下降了18.2%(加拿大统计局,2010年)。虽然儿童约占人口的16.5%(加拿大统计局,2010年),但各年龄组之间的差异很小:190万(0-4岁),200万(5-9岁),200万(10-14岁)和210万(15-19岁)(加拿大统计局,2017年)。对于生活在加拿大的土著儿童和青年来说,有殖民、寄宿学校的遗产,以及这对家庭和照顾者、社区和护理的影响(联合国儿童基金会,2009)。在与所有儿童及其家庭合作时,文化能力、创伤知情护理和土著知识的重要性至关重要。儿童护士(或护理提供者)在向第一民族、姆萨梅蒂斯人和因纽特人提供文化上适当的护理时,还必须考虑约旦原则(加拿大政府,2019年)。加拿大人权法庭(2016年)裁定,为第一民族儿童提供保健、社会照顾和社区服务的方法具有歧视性,导致《约旦原则》中概述的立法变化。
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引用次数: 0
List of Reviewers for Volume 41 第41卷的审稿人名单
IF 2.1 Pub Date : 2018-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2018.1537354
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引用次数: 0
Health Related Quality of Life and the Quality of Sleep in School Aged Children with Functional Constipation 功能性便秘学龄儿童的健康生活质量与睡眠质量
IF 2.1 Pub Date : 2017-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2016.1273976
S. Yildirim, N. Kaymaz, M. Tekin, N. Topaloğlu, F. Binnetoğlu, K. Altınbaş, Z. Aşık
ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to investigate the sleep quality and health related quality of life in children with functional constipation. Fifty patients (7–13 years) attended to our general pediatric outpatient clinic and diagnosed with functional constipation and 50 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Health-related quality of life was assessed by using Kid-KINDL inventory and sleep quality was assessed by using PSQI. Children with functional constipation had lower scores of quality of life compared to healthy controls. Although the total score was not statistically significant the physical well-being scores of constipated children was significantly lower than control group. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score for children with functional constipation was significantly higher than controls (2.5 ± 2.4 and 0.5 ± 0.6, respectively; p < 0.05). School-aged children with functional constipation had lower quality of life and quality of sleep compared to their healthy peers. Physical well-being was especially impaired in constipated children affecting daily activities negatively. Assessment of quality of sleep as well as quality of life should be a part of management of functional constipation in childhood.
摘要本研究的目的是调查功能性便秘儿童的睡眠质量和与健康相关的生活质量。50名患者(7-13岁)到我们的普通儿科门诊就诊,被诊断为功能性便秘,50名健康对照被纳入本病例对照研究。使用Kid KINDL量表评估健康相关的生活质量,使用PSQI评估睡眠质量。与健康对照组相比,患有功能性便秘的儿童的生活质量得分较低。尽管总分没有统计学意义,但便秘儿童的身体健康分数明显低于对照组。功能性便秘儿童的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数得分显著高于对照组(分别为2.5±2.4和0.5±0.6;p<0.05)。与健康同龄人相比,患有功能性便秘的学龄儿童的生活质量和睡眠质量较低。便秘儿童的身体健康尤其受损,对日常活动产生负面影响。评估睡眠质量和生活质量应该是儿童功能性便秘治疗的一部分。
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引用次数: 4
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Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing-Building Evidence for Practice
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