Asian Population Studies最新文献

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Revisiting the causes of fertility decline in Bangladesh: the relative importance of female education and family planning programs 重新审视孟加拉国生育率下降的原因：女性教育和计划生育方案的相对重要性

IF 1.4 4区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Asian Population Studies

Pub Date : 2022-01-21 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2022.2028253

J. Bora, N. Saikia, E. Kebede, W. Lutz

ABSTRACT Bangladesh, one of the world’s poorest countries, has experienced a dramatic decline in fertility since 1985, with a decline in the total fertility rate from 5.5–2.1. International researchers have debated the reasons for this rapid decline, with some studies attributing it primarily to family planning programmes and others pointing at the simultaneous increase in the education of women and other socioeconomic factors. Using data from seven-rounds of the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS), we comprehensively review fertility trends by reconstructing cohort and period fertility indicators by educational attainment. Multilevel regression shows a robust negative association between fertility and educational attainment at the individual and community levels. Pathway’s analysis reveals that female education has a significant effect on declining fertility desires dominating all other effects. Increased women's education and the associated diffusion of smaller desired family size might be the primary factor driving the impressive fertility decline in Bangladesh.

摘要孟加拉国是世界上最贫穷的国家之一，自1985年以来，其生育率急剧下降，总生育率从5.5-2.1下降。国际研究人员对这种快速下降的原因进行了辩论，一些研究将其主要归因于计划生育计划，另一些研究则指出，妇女教育和其他社会经济因素同时增加。利用七轮孟加拉国人口健康调查（BDHS）的数据，我们通过重建受教育程度的队列和时期生育率指标，全面审查了生育率趋势。多水平回归显示，在个人和社区层面，生育率与受教育程度之间存在显著的负相关。Pathway的分析表明，女性教育对生育欲望下降有显著影响，而其他影响则占主导地位。妇女受教育程度的提高以及预期家庭规模的缩小可能是孟加拉国生育率大幅下降的主要因素。

引用次数: 6

Spatial inequality in China’s secondary education: a demographic perspective 中国中等教育的空间不平等:人口统计学视角

IF 1.4 4区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Asian Population Studies

Pub Date : 2022-01-15 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2021.2016126

Ying Wu, S. Kc

ABSTRACT China aims to improve its human capital and labour productivity to offset the challenges of a declining labour force resulting from low fertility and rapid aging. However, the spatial inequality in secondary education is less understood quantitatively. This study aims to quantify and understand the inequality in education at the sub-national level by integrating data from various sources. We found that China is yet to universalise upper secondary education mainly due to spatial inequality in the educational process, despite the declining size of younger cohorts lowering the demand. We found larger dropout ratios among vocational school students in less developed regions that might be due to concerns about educational quality and employment prospects. We concluded that the central government could increase the investment and devise policies, such as lowering hukou restriction, to increase enrolment and reduce dropouts in less developed areas. Also, data availability on age-specific enrolment, dropouts, and internal migration will allow a better estimation of spatial inequality.

摘要中国旨在提高人力资本和劳动生产率，以应对低生育率和快速老龄化导致的劳动力下降带来的挑战。然而，对中等教育中的空间不平等的定量理解较少。本研究旨在通过整合各种来源的数据，量化和了解地方一级的教育不平等。我们发现，中国尚未普及高中教育，主要是由于教育过程中的空间不平等，尽管年轻群体的规模不断下降，降低了需求。我们发现，欠发达地区职业学校学生的辍学率更高，这可能是由于对教育质量和就业前景的担忧。我们得出的结论是，中央政府可以增加投资，制定政策，如降低户口限制，以提高入学率，减少欠发达地区的辍学率。此外，关于特定年龄入学、辍学和国内移民的数据可用性将有助于更好地估计空间不平等。

引用次数: 1

Is the temporary migration regime in Asia future-ready? 亚洲的临时移民制度为未来做好准备了吗?

IF 1.4 4区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Asian Population Studies

Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2022.2029159

B. Yeoh

ABSTRACT In pre-pandemic times, the labour migration regime in Asia based on principles of enforced transience is largely dependent on the ease and low cost of transnational mobility across national borders. Stalled mobility in COVID-19 times has both deepened the precarity that transient migrant workers face and also laid bare the unsustainability of the temporary migration for nation-states. At the same time, the pandemic presents an opportunity to reconfigure and move temporary migration toward a more sustainable and equitable basis. This could involve offering visas and contracts of longer duration and selective pathways towards residency status to reduce ‘churning’, incorporating migrant workers into national healthcare safety nets to improve migrant welfare and societal resilience, and careful recalibration of using automation and technological substitutes to replace migrant labour.

在大流行前，亚洲基于强制迁移原则的劳动力迁移制度在很大程度上取决于跨越国界的跨国流动的便利性和低成本。在2019冠状病毒病期间，流动停滞不仅加深了临时移徙工人面临的不稳定性，也暴露了民族国家临时移徙的不可持续性。与此同时，大流行提供了一个机会，可以重新配置临时移徙，并使其朝着更可持续和更公平的方向发展。这可能涉及提供更长期的签证和合同以及获得居留身份的选择性途径，以减少“流失”，将移民工人纳入国家医疗安全网，以改善移民福利和社会复原力，以及仔细地重新校准使用自动化和技术替代品来取代移民劳动力。

引用次数: 4

Living Arrangements, Intergenerational Support, and Married Women's Subjective Well-Being. 生活安排、代际支持和已婚妇女的主观幸福感。

IF 1.4 4区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Asian Population Studies

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-14 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2021.1975396

Shiro Furuya, James M Raymo

Theory suggests that relationships between intergenerational coresidence and married women's subjective well-being may be either positive or negative. We extend previous research on this question in two ways: by focusing also on geographical proximity to parents(-in-law) and by examining differences in married women's well-being both between and within different types of living arrangements. Using data from a nationally representative survey of adults in Japan, we found no differences in married women's subjective well-being between living arrangements, but observed significant differences within living arrangements depending on married women's position in the household and the direction of intergenerational support transfers. Our results suggest that comparisons across living arrangements may be complicated by within-group associations with well-being and that attention to married women's position in the household and the direction of intergenerational transfers is essential for understanding how married women in Japan experience different living arrangements.

理论表明，代际同住与已婚妇女主观幸福感之间的关系可能是积极的，也可能是消极的。我们从两个方面扩展了以往对这一问题的研究：一是关注与父母（-姻亲）在地理位置上的接近程度，二是研究已婚妇女在不同类型的生活安排之间和内部的幸福感差异。利用日本一项具有全国代表性的成人调查数据，我们发现已婚妇女在不同生活安排之间的主观幸福感没有差异，但根据已婚妇女在家庭中的地位和代际支持转移的方向，我们观察到了生活安排内部的显著差异。我们的研究结果表明，不同生活安排之间的比较可能会因群体内部的幸福感关联而变得复杂，因此关注已婚妇女在家庭中的地位和代际转移的方向对于了解日本已婚妇女如何经历不同的生活安排至关重要。

引用次数: 0

How subjective economic status matters: the reference-group effect on migrants’ settlement intention in urban China 主观经济地位如何影响：参照群体对中国城市移民定居意愿的影响

IF 1.4 4区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Asian Population Studies

Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2021.2012025

Chenglong Wang, Jianfa Shen

ABSTRACT How migrants’ behaviour shapes their intention to settle in their destination (settlement intention) has rarely been examined. This paper pays special attention to the role of the reference-group effect, captured by subjective economic status, in shaping migrants’ intention to settle in urban China. We found that both sending communities and receiving communities contribute to the reference-group effect on settlement intention. Compared with their relatives, friends, and colleagues in their hometowns and destinations, migrants with a higher subjective economic status have a stronger intention to settle. A 1-unit increase in the relative position of a migrant’s subjective economic status in the sending or receiving community contributes to a 19.6 per cent or 19.4 per cent increase in the possibility of a migrant’s intention to settle. Additionally, cultural assimilation, social participation, and identification mediate the relationship between subjective economic status in the reference group and settlement intention. We also found that objective economic status in the destination increases subjective economic status in the reference group in the hometown and destination. Both objective and subjective economic status affect migrants’ settlement intention.

摘要移民的行为如何影响他们在目的地定居的意图（定居意图）很少被研究。本文特别关注主观经济地位所捕捉到的参照群体效应在塑造中国城市移民定居意愿中的作用。我们发现，发送社区和接收社区都有助于参考群体对定居意向的影响。与家乡和目的地的亲戚、朋友和同事相比，主观经济地位较高的移民有更强的定居意愿。移民在发送或接收社区的主观经济地位的相对地位增加1个单位，移民定居意愿的可能性就会增加19.6%或19.4%。此外，文化同化、社会参与和认同在参考群体中的主观经济地位与定居意向之间起着中介作用。我们还发现，目的地的客观经济地位增加了参考群体在家乡和目的地的主观经济地位。客观和主观经济状况都会影响移民的定居意愿。

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引用次数: 11

Can prolonged exposure to information on COVID-19 affect mental health negatively? 长期接触新冠肺炎信息会对心理健康产生负面影响吗？

IF 1.4 4区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Asian Population Studies

Pub Date : 2021-12-07 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2021.2010853

Yiwei Liu, Y. Yin

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic delivered a heavy blow to social and economic development globally and presents an unprecedented challenge to public health and livelihoods. Using data from a survey on the living needs of people in China amid the COVID-19 outbreak, this study analysed the relationship between the duration of exposure to information on COVID-19 and mental health; the mediating effects of risk perception and confidence in pandemic prevention and control were also measured. We found that prolonged exposure to information on COVID-19 made people feel more anxious and stressed. Meanwhile, risk perception and confidence in pandemic prevention and control functioned as mediators between the duration of exposure to information on COVID-19 and anxiety and stress. Therefore, reduced duration of exposure to pandemic information can lower risk perception and enhance confidence in pandemic prevention and control. It can also relieve anxiety and stress caused by information about the spread of the pandemic.

摘要新冠肺炎疫情对全球社会经济发展造成沉重打击，对公共卫生和生计提出了前所未有的挑战。本研究利用新冠肺炎疫情期间中国人民生活需求调查的数据，分析了新冠肺炎信息暴露时间与心理健康之间的关系；还测量了风险感知和信心在疫情防控中的中介作用。我们发现，长期接触新冠肺炎信息会让人们感到更焦虑和压力。与此同时，风险认知和对疫情防控的信心在接触新冠肺炎信息的持续时间与焦虑和压力之间发挥着中介作用。因此，缩短接触疫情信息的时间可以降低风险认知，增强对疫情预防和控制的信心。它还可以缓解有关疫情传播的信息引起的焦虑和压力。

引用次数: 3

Three decades of gender and education differentials in attitudes toward divorce in Taiwan, 1985–2015 台湾离婚态度之性别与教育差异研究(1985-2015

IF 1.4 4区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Asian Population Studies

Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2021.2004649

Yi-Lin Chiang, Hyunjoon Park

ABSTRACT Rising rates of divorce in Taiwan prompted debates over changes in the meaning of family, which must be understood alongside changes in attitudes toward divorce. The diffusion and lagged diffusion theories offer competing hypotheses regarding divorce attitude change by education and gender over time. Using the Taiwanese Social Change Survey, this study examines the trends in attitudes toward divorce in Taiwan over three decades (1985–2015). We test the diffusion and lagged diffusion theories by examining the relationships between higher educational attainment, gender, and attitudes towards divorce. We find that Taiwanese men and women became more open toward divorce in general along with higher education expansion. Increased acceptance toward divorce is more substantial for the college educated than those without, and college-educated women are more open to divorce than are college-educated men. The results support the diffusion theory and highlight the importance of education and gender in shaping attitude shift.

台湾离婚率的上升引发了关于家庭意义变化的争论，这必须与离婚态度的变化一起理解。扩散理论和滞后扩散理论提供了关于离婚态度随教育和性别随时间变化的竞争性假设。本研究利用台湾社会变迁调查，检视台湾近三十年(1985-2015)的离婚态度趋势。我们通过考察高等教育程度、性别和离婚态度之间的关系来检验扩散理论和滞后扩散理论。我们发现，随着高等教育的扩张，台湾男性和女性对离婚的态度普遍变得更加开放。受过大学教育的人比没有受过大学教育的人更容易接受离婚，受过大学教育的女性比受过大学教育的男性更容易接受离婚。研究结果支持了扩散理论，强调了教育和性别对态度转变的影响。

引用次数: 0

Son preference, gender asymmetries and parity progressions: the case of Kyrgyzstan 重男轻女、性别不对称和平等进步：以吉尔吉斯斯坦为例

IF 1.4 4区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Asian Population Studies

Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2021.1992858

K. Kazenin

ABSTRACT The paper considers son preference effects оn actual fertility behaviour in Kyrgyzstan, a post-Soviet country of Central Asia. Using data from the DHS2012 and DHS1997, I argue that risks of transitions to parities from the second to the fifth are significantly higher among women with no sons. Furthermore, the relation of risks of parity progressions to sex composition of children already born is not generally stronger in families with strict gender asymmetries. Attempting to explain this, I show that in such families, contraceptive use is less frequent – and that could complicate the implementation of son preference in such families and weaken their expected contrast with other families in the role of son preference for fertility outcomes. The possibility also is discussed that son preference may be supported by factors not related to family-internal norms, such as the need for all families to have a male heir for securing family wealth.

本文考虑了儿子偏好对吉尔吉斯斯坦实际生育行为的影响，吉尔吉斯斯坦是中亚后苏联国家。根据2012年和1997年人口和健康调查的数据，我认为，没有儿子的妇女从第二胎过渡到第五胎的风险明显更高。此外，在性别严重不对称的家庭中，性别平等进展的风险与已出生儿童性别构成的关系通常并不强。为了解释这一点，我表明，在这样的家庭中，避孕药具的使用频率较低——这可能会使这些家庭重男轻女的实施复杂化，并削弱他们与其他家庭在重男轻女对生育结果的作用方面的预期对比。还讨论了一种可能性，即重男轻女可能受到与家庭内部规范无关的因素的支持，例如所有家庭都需要有一个男性继承人以确保家庭财富。

引用次数: 0

Job and home dilemma: housing pathways of urban migrants in China 工作与家庭困境:中国城市流动人口的住房路径

IF 1.4 4区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Asian Population Studies

Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2021.1986929

Zhimin Wang, Chuantao Cui

ABSTRACT China’s rapid industrialization and urbanization have been accompanied by massive internal population migration over the past decades. These immigrants experience various housing disadvantages along their migration journeys. Using longitudinal survey datasets from China Family Panel Studies, this paper identifies the housing pathways adopted by the Chinese urban migrants, including moving into homeownership, moving out of homeownership, and non-homeownership mobility. Job changes and institutional forces are the most significant mobility triggers, while family life cycle events are vital predictors of moving into homeownership. The dilemma of job-induced migration versus family-centred homeownership attainment has resulted in various social issues. This paper suggests that policies should be systematically designed for industry convergence from an overall urban planning perspective to promote township urbanization, including industrial relocation, rural economic revitalization, and institutional reforms of rural-urban disparities.

摘要在过去的几十年里，中国快速的工业化和城市化伴随着大量的内部人口迁移。这些移民在移民过程中经历了各种各样的住房劣势。利用中国家庭小组研究的纵向调查数据集，本文确定了中国城市移民所采用的住房路径，包括迁入自有住房、迁出自有住房和非自有住房流动。工作变化和制度力量是最重要的流动触发因素，而家庭生命周期事件是进入住房的重要预测因素。工作引发的移民与以家庭为中心的住房拥有率之间的困境导致了各种社会问题。本文建议，从城市总体规划的角度，系统地设计产业融合政策，以促进乡镇城镇化，包括产业转移、农村经济振兴和城乡差距的制度改革。

引用次数: 0

Co-ethnic networks and inter-provincial migration destination choice of ethnic minority migrants in China 中国少数民族流动人口的族群网络与跨省流动目的地选择

IF 1.4 4区社会学 Q1 Social Sciences

Asian Population Studies

Pub Date : 2021-10-09 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2021.1987625

Zhen Li

ABSTRACT Previous research shows that co-ethnic networks are an important factor in explaining the concentrated pattern of distribution of ethnic minority migrants. This study uses pooled data from the National Migrant Dynamics Monitoring Survey, to examine the role co-ethnic networks play in ethnic minorities’ inter-provincial migration destination choices and how it is moderated by education in China. Conditional logit models reveal that except for Manchus, ethnic minority migrants are more likely to go to provinces with large co-ethnic networks. There are also group differences in the effect of co-ethnic network size, with it being greater for Tibetans and Dong than for the rest of minority groups in the study. It is further found that higher levels of education reduce the effect of co-ethnic networks on Tibetan and Korean migrants’ destination choice. For the rest of the ethnic minority groups in the study, education’s moderating effect is either positive or not statistically significant.

摘要以往的研究表明，共族网络是解释少数民族移民集中分布格局的重要因素。本研究利用全国流动人口动态监测调查的汇总数据，考察了共同民族网络在中国少数民族省际迁移目的地选择中的作用，以及教育如何调节这种作用。条件logit模型显示，除满族外，少数民族移民更有可能前往具有较大共同民族网络的省份。共同民族网络规模的影响也存在群体差异，其中藏族和侗族比研究中其他少数民族的影响更大。研究进一步发现，较高的教育水平降低了共同民族网络对西藏和朝鲜移民目的地选择的影响。对于研究中的其他少数民族群体，教育的调节作用要么是积极的，要么是不显著的。

引用次数: 1

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