: Compared to pure Cu, Cu lattice retaining carbon atoms, called a covetic material, can have better electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the incorporation of carbon nanostructures into Cu-alloys could improve the mechanical properties of Cu-alloys. In the simulation study, we investigated Joule heating due to applied DC current on molten Cu metal concerning how to improve current density of covetic materials. In addition, we will discuss interfacial effects on covetic-metal electrodes to meet better current driving performance. The covetic composite excited at one electrode (width = 10 nm) has a higher current drive capability as a value of 3.54 10 7 A/m 2 , for 1000 A current at a temperature of 1073.2 K, this value is a constant while temperature is changing up to 1573.2 K. We measured the conductivity of the proposed covetic materials at various carbon nanotube densities at room temperature. Experimental results show the lowest resistivity value accomplished after mixing and temperature annealing as a value of 1.7810 − 8 Ω .m , where the covetic sample has 1.27% carbon nanotube density, and that the electrical conductivity is superior to that of Cu-carbon nanotube composites previously reported.
{"title":"An improvement of current driving and electrical conductivity properties in covetics","authors":"Mesut Atasoyu, Emin Argun, M. Ertuğrul","doi":"10.3906/fiz-2108-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/fiz-2108-8","url":null,"abstract":": Compared to pure Cu, Cu lattice retaining carbon atoms, called a covetic material, can have better electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the incorporation of carbon nanostructures into Cu-alloys could improve the mechanical properties of Cu-alloys. In the simulation study, we investigated Joule heating due to applied DC current on molten Cu metal concerning how to improve current density of covetic materials. In addition, we will discuss interfacial effects on covetic-metal electrodes to meet better current driving performance. The covetic composite excited at one electrode (width = 10 nm) has a higher current drive capability as a value of 3.54 10 7 A/m 2 , for 1000 A current at a temperature of 1073.2 K, this value is a constant while temperature is changing up to 1573.2 K. We measured the conductivity of the proposed covetic materials at various carbon nanotube densities at room temperature. Experimental results show the lowest resistivity value accomplished after mixing and temperature annealing as a value of 1.7810 − 8 Ω .m , where the covetic sample has 1.27% carbon nanotube density, and that the electrical conductivity is superior to that of Cu-carbon nanotube composites previously reported.","PeriodicalId":46003,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Physics","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70203488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new field of research centered on quantum science and technology is emerging. This rapidly developing field deals with the study and control of single quantum entities, i.e. atoms, ions, photons, which are no longer isolated but are parts of a larger system. Manipulation of these quantum entities forms the basis of modern quantum technology, from quantum computation to quantum communication and quantum sensing. One, therefore, needs to reconsider the basic concepts of state, evolution, and measurement for these so-called open quantum systems. This is a pedagogical review paper on the rudiments of modern quantum mechanics, which keeps citations to the literature to a minimum and assumes only a knowledge of elementary quantum mechanics. It is meant to prepare the reader for studying the modern research papers at the forefront of this field.
{"title":"Modern Quantum Mechanics, Why We Need it, How to Use it?","authors":"V. Karimipour","doi":"10.3906/fiz-2110-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/fiz-2110-11","url":null,"abstract":"A new field of research centered on quantum science and technology is emerging. This rapidly developing field deals with the study and control of single quantum entities, i.e. atoms, ions, photons, which are no longer isolated but are parts of a larger system. Manipulation of these quantum entities forms the basis of modern quantum technology, from quantum computation to quantum communication and quantum sensing. One, therefore, needs to reconsider the basic concepts of state, evolution, and measurement for these so-called open quantum systems. This is a pedagogical review paper on the rudiments of modern quantum mechanics, which keeps citations to the literature to a minimum and assumes only a knowledge of elementary quantum mechanics. It is meant to prepare the reader for studying the modern research papers at the forefront of this field.","PeriodicalId":46003,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70203535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bin Guo, Marcel R. R. Hughes, S. Mathur, Madhur Mehta
We examine an interesting set of recent proposals describing a `wormhole paradigm' for black holes. These proposals require that in some effective variables, semiclassical low-energy dynamics emerges at the horizon. We prove the `effective small corrections theorem' to show that such an effective horizon behavior is not compatible with the requirement that the black hole radiate like a piece of coal as seen from outside. This theorem thus concretizes the fact that the proposals within the wormhole paradigm require some nonlocality linking the hole and its distant radiation. We try to illustrate various proposals for nonlocality by making simple bit models to encode the nonlocal effects. In each case, we find either nonunitarity of evolution in the black hole interior or a nonlocal Hamiltonian interaction between the hole and infinity; such an interaction is not present for burning coal. We examine recent arguments about the Page curve and observe that the quantity that is argued to follow the Page curve of a normal body is not the entanglement entropy but a different quantity. It has been suggested that this replacement of the quantity to be computed arises from the possibility of topology change in gravity which can generate replica wormholes. We examine the role of topology change in quantum gravity but do not find any source of connections between different replica copies in the path integral for the R'{e}nyi entropy. We also contrast the wormhole paradigm with the fuzzball paradigm, where the fuzzball does radiate like a piece of coal. Just as in the case of a piece of coal, the fuzzball does not have low-energy semiclassical dynamics at its surface at energies $Esim T$ (effective dynamics at energies $Egg T$ is possible under the conjecture of fuzzball complementarity, but these $Egg T$ modes have no relevance to the Page curve or the information paradox).
{"title":"Contrasting the fuzzball and wormhole paradigms for black holes","authors":"Bin Guo, Marcel R. R. Hughes, S. Mathur, Madhur Mehta","doi":"10.3906/fiz-2111-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/fiz-2111-13","url":null,"abstract":"We examine an interesting set of recent proposals describing a `wormhole paradigm' for black holes. These proposals require that in some effective variables, semiclassical low-energy dynamics emerges at the horizon. We prove the `effective small corrections theorem' to show that such an effective horizon behavior is not compatible with the requirement that the black hole radiate like a piece of coal as seen from outside. This theorem thus concretizes the fact that the proposals within the wormhole paradigm require some nonlocality linking the hole and its distant radiation. We try to illustrate various proposals for nonlocality by making simple bit models to encode the nonlocal effects. In each case, we find either nonunitarity of evolution in the black hole interior or a nonlocal Hamiltonian interaction between the hole and infinity; such an interaction is not present for burning coal. We examine recent arguments about the Page curve and observe that the quantity that is argued to follow the Page curve of a normal body is not the entanglement entropy but a different quantity. It has been suggested that this replacement of the quantity to be computed arises from the possibility of topology change in gravity which can generate replica wormholes. We examine the role of topology change in quantum gravity but do not find any source of connections between different replica copies in the path integral for the R'{e}nyi entropy. We also contrast the wormhole paradigm with the fuzzball paradigm, where the fuzzball does radiate like a piece of coal. Just as in the case of a piece of coal, the fuzzball does not have low-energy semiclassical dynamics at its surface at energies $Esim T$ (effective dynamics at energies $Egg T$ is possible under the conjecture of fuzzball complementarity, but these $Egg T$ modes have no relevance to the Page curve or the information paradox).","PeriodicalId":46003,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48428605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal sensitivity from current-voltage-measurement temperature \u0000characteristics in Au/n-GaAs Schottky contacts","authors":"","doi":"10.3906/fiz-2108-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/fiz-2108-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46003,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70203442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Simulation and experimental validation of third-order coma in Nodal Aberration Theory (NAT) with a Cassegrain telescope","authors":"","doi":"10.3906/fiz-2108-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/fiz-2108-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46003,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70203479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: This study presents a simulation and experimental validation of third-order coma in Nodal Aber-ration Theory (NAT) with a custom-designed Cassegrain system. The Cassegrain system uses a piezo-driven flexure tool to align the telescope’s secondary mirror with respect to the primary mirror. This alignment mechanism is also used to misalign the telescope’s secondary mirror to induce the intentional aberrations. The third-order Fringe Zernike coma (Z 7 / 8 ) was simulated utilizing the Cassegrain telescope’s real ray-trace model (e.g., in Code V) and analyzed for both the telescope’s nominal aligned and misaligned states. The simulated aberration of third-order coma was induced utilizing the secondary mirror misalignments and measured inter-ferometrically on a 5 × 5 mesh of field points on the telescope’s focal plane. The experimental results were compared with simulation results, and we showed that the results are consistent with each other. Hence, we validated the shift of aberration field center (zero coma, or coma node) from the optical axis, where the third-order coma is linear with the field as predicted by NAT for the Cassegrain telescope. For demonstrating the stability and accuracy of the experimental results, a statistical analysis was conducted.
{"title":"A simulation and experimental validation of third-order coma in nodal aberrationtheory with a Cassegrain telescope","authors":"Ö. Karci","doi":"10.55730/1300-0101.1002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0101.1002","url":null,"abstract":": This study presents a simulation and experimental validation of third-order coma in Nodal Aber-ration Theory (NAT) with a custom-designed Cassegrain system. The Cassegrain system uses a piezo-driven flexure tool to align the telescope’s secondary mirror with respect to the primary mirror. This alignment mechanism is also used to misalign the telescope’s secondary mirror to induce the intentional aberrations. The third-order Fringe Zernike coma (Z 7 / 8 ) was simulated utilizing the Cassegrain telescope’s real ray-trace model (e.g., in Code V) and analyzed for both the telescope’s nominal aligned and misaligned states. The simulated aberration of third-order coma was induced utilizing the secondary mirror misalignments and measured inter-ferometrically on a 5 × 5 mesh of field points on the telescope’s focal plane. The experimental results were compared with simulation results, and we showed that the results are consistent with each other. Hence, we validated the shift of aberration field center (zero coma, or coma node) from the optical axis, where the third-order coma is linear with the field as predicted by NAT for the Cassegrain telescope. For demonstrating the stability and accuracy of the experimental results, a statistical analysis was conducted.","PeriodicalId":46003,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42741565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An improvement of current driving and electrical conductivity properties incovetics","authors":"Mesut Atasoyu, E. A. Oral, M. Ertuğrul","doi":"10.55730/1300-0101.1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0101.1001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46003,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44566380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We compute the one-loop quantum corrections to the kink energies of the sinh-deformed $phi^{4}$ and $varphi^{6}$ models in one space and one time dimensions. These models are constructed from the well-known polynomial $phi^{4}$ and $varphi^{6}$ models by a deformation procedure. We also compute the vacuum polarization energy to the non-polynomial function $U(phi)=frac{1}{4}(1-sinh^{2}phi)^{2}$. This potential approaches the $phi^{4}$ model in the limit of small values of the scalar function. These energies are extracted from scattering data for fluctuations about the kink solutions. We show that for certain topological sectors with non-equivalent vacua the kink solutions of the sinh-deformed models are destabilized.
{"title":"Vacuum polarization energy of the kinks in the sinh-deformed models","authors":"I. Takyi, B. Barnes, J. Ackora-Prah","doi":"10.3906/fiz-2103-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/fiz-2103-32","url":null,"abstract":"We compute the one-loop quantum corrections to the kink energies of the sinh-deformed $phi^{4}$ and $varphi^{6}$ models in one space and one time dimensions. These models are constructed from the well-known polynomial $phi^{4}$ and $varphi^{6}$ models by a deformation procedure. We also compute the vacuum polarization energy to the non-polynomial function $U(phi)=frac{1}{4}(1-sinh^{2}phi)^{2}$. This potential approaches the $phi^{4}$ model in the limit of small values of the scalar function. These energies are extracted from scattering data for fluctuations about the kink solutions. We show that for certain topological sectors with non-equivalent vacua the kink solutions of the sinh-deformed models are destabilized.","PeriodicalId":46003,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47689895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Midinfrared (MIR) is an attractive spectral region for many applications ranging from vibrational spectroscopy to attosecond physics. However, in this spectral region, the dispersion management techniques are not as mature as the ones in the near-infrared (NIR) or visible, which is a key ingredient of ultrafast laser technology. In this manuscript, the transfer of dispersion management schemes for optical parametric (chirped pulse) amplifiers (OP(CP)As) from NIR to MIR is discussed. Among those, a scheme based on Martinez-type grating stretcher and a bulk compressor is proposed and numerically analyzed. As a case study, the proposed scheme is applied numerically to a 2-μm pumped two-stage optical parametric amplifier (OPA) system at 4.06 μm. In the model OPA system, the seed pulses are generated by white-continuum in bulk crystal and then amplified via zinc germanium phosphide (ZGP)-based OPAs. Parametric gain bandwidth of the ZGP nonlinear crystal is numerically studied. According to the numerical simulations, 3-mm crystal supports pulses with 26.5 fs pulse duration (FWHM) at 4.06 μm. With the proposed dispersion management scheme, the seed pulses are first stretched inside a Martinez grating stretcher to 1.4–1.6 ps for efficient amplification in OPA stages and then compressed down to the transform-limit inside CaF2 bulk material.
{"title":"Dispersion management for optical parametric amplifiers in midinfrared","authors":"H. Cankaya","doi":"10.3906/fiz-2006-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/fiz-2006-13","url":null,"abstract":"Midinfrared (MIR) is an attractive spectral region for many applications ranging from vibrational spectroscopy to attosecond physics. However, in this spectral region, the dispersion management techniques are not as mature as the ones in the near-infrared (NIR) or visible, which is a key ingredient of ultrafast laser technology. In this manuscript, the transfer of dispersion management schemes for optical parametric (chirped pulse) amplifiers (OP(CP)As) from NIR to MIR is discussed. Among those, a scheme based on Martinez-type grating stretcher and a bulk compressor is proposed and numerically analyzed. As a case study, the proposed scheme is applied numerically to a 2-μm pumped two-stage optical parametric amplifier (OPA) system at 4.06 μm. In the model OPA system, the seed pulses are generated by white-continuum in bulk crystal and then amplified via zinc germanium phosphide (ZGP)-based OPAs. Parametric gain bandwidth of the ZGP nonlinear crystal is numerically studied. According to the numerical simulations, 3-mm crystal supports pulses with 26.5 fs pulse duration (FWHM) at 4.06 μm. With the proposed dispersion management scheme, the seed pulses are first stretched inside a Martinez grating stretcher to 1.4–1.6 ps for efficient amplification in OPA stages and then compressed down to the transform-limit inside CaF2 bulk material.","PeriodicalId":46003,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49047000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tuning the magnetic field sensitivity of planar Hall effect sensors by using a Cr spacer layer in a NiFe/Cr/IrMn trilayer structure","authors":"H. Pişkin, N. Akdoğan","doi":"10.3906/fiz-2008-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/fiz-2008-19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46003,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45056377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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