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Covid-19, online workshops, and the future of intellectual exchange 2019冠状病毒病、在线研讨会以及知识交流的未来
IF 0.6 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2021.1934290
Aled Davies, A. Seaton, Chika Tonooka, Jessica White
ABSTRACT Covid-19 disrupted the fabric of academic collaboration. Scholars cancelled or delayed in-person talks, seminars, and conferences in an effort to reduce transmission of the virus. In many instances, the academic profession turned to various online platforms to share ideas. What are the possible long-term consequences of this development? Drawing on the experience of organizing an online workshop for early career researchers in modern British history, this article argues that virtual seminars and conferences should become a permanent part of intellectual exchange. This article provides practical guidance to others seeking to establish similar projects within and beyond the historical profession. It uses survey material from workshop presenters and attendees to assess the challenges and merits of using online platforms, and then discusses their longer term significance. Despite some drawbacks in their operation, online platforms offer advantages that include widening participation and responding to the climate crisis. Virtual collaboration facilitates the participation of scholars normally excluded from central field discussions due to location, expense, or institutional status, and it also furthers global scholarly interactions without generating a significant carbon footprint. This article argues that rather than a temporary stop-gap during a pandemic, online seminars present new opportunities for the future of collaboration if embedded as part of a mix with of in-person events. In its conclusion, it presents five proposals for improving virtual collaboration in the future.
Covid-19破坏了学术合作的结构。学者们取消或推迟了面对面的演讲、研讨会和会议,以减少病毒的传播。在很多情况下,学术界转向各种在线平台来分享观点。这种发展可能带来的长期后果是什么?本文借鉴为英国现代史上早期职业研究者组织在线研讨会的经验,认为虚拟研讨会和会议应该成为知识交流的永久组成部分。本文为寻求在历史专业内外建立类似项目的其他人提供了实用的指导。它使用研讨会主持人和与会者的调查材料来评估使用在线平台的挑战和优点,然后讨论它们的长期意义。尽管在线平台在运营上存在一些缺陷,但它在扩大参与和应对气候危机等方面具有优势。虚拟协作促进了通常由于地理位置、费用或机构地位而被排除在中心领域讨论之外的学者的参与,并且它还在不产生显著碳足迹的情况下进一步促进了全球学术互动。本文认为,在线研讨会不是大流行期间的临时权宜之计,如果作为现场活动组合的一部分,将为未来的合作提供新的机会。在结论部分,本文提出了未来改进虚拟协作的五项建议。
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引用次数: 5
Accessing children’s historical experiences through their art: four drawings of aerial warfare from the Spanish Civil War 通过艺术接触儿童的历史经历:西班牙内战中的四幅空战图
IF 0.6 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2021.1928393
John R. Hodgson
ABSTRACT This article considers the potential for children’s drawings to be utilized more widely as documentary evidence by historians. Children remain seen but not heard in much of history, with a noted source problem hampering efforts to address this. Drawings are a different type of ambiguous evidence but there is a compelling case for their usage, partly demonstrated by various professional uses including the acceptance of children’s drawings as evidence in courts. This article analyses four boys’ drawings of aerial conflict from the Spanish Civil War which are powerful visual reminders of the toll of war on children and exemplify the communicative power of non-linguistic sources to a heavily textual discipline.
本文考虑了儿童绘画被历史学家更广泛地用作文献证据的潜力。在历史的大部分时间里,儿童仍然是看得见却听不到的,一个明显的来源问题阻碍了解决这一问题的努力。图纸是另一种类型的模糊证据,但其使用有一个令人信服的案例,部分证明了各种专业用途,包括在法庭上接受儿童的图纸作为证据。本文分析了四个男孩在西班牙内战中绘制的空中冲突的图画,这些图画有力地提醒人们战争对儿童造成的损失,并举例说明了非语言来源对文本纪律的交际能力。
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引用次数: 4
Micro-narratives of the ancestors: worship, censure, and empathy in family hi(stories) 祖先的微观叙事:家庭嗨(故事)中的崇拜、谴责和移情
IF 0.6 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2021.1928392
Emma Shaw, D. Donnelly
ABSTRACT Family history research has become one of the most popular pastimes in the world due to digital advances and the resulting democratization of historical records. For many, family history research is a heuristic in which to make empathetic connections with their ancestors they will never (and can never) meet due to the barriers of temporal, geographical and intergenerational distance. The resulting family histories reconstruct and re-tell social history through the micro-historical lens of the individual. It has been claimed that this intimate connection between researchers and their familial narrative can heighten empathetic responses and lead to interpretations and assumptions beyond the evidence. This paper examines this proposition by analyzing qualitative data drawn from a large survey that examined the beliefs and practices of Australian family historians. The data supported their use of historical imagination as a catalyst for historical interpretation and meaning-making, and the well-established Ashby and Lee’s (1987) stages of historical empathy was used to gauge depth of understanding. The research concludes that for many family history researchers, micro-narratives of their ancestors evoked a wide range of empathetic responses ranging from the elementary to the nuanced and sophisticated.
摘要由于数字技术的进步和历史记录的民主化,家族史研究已成为世界上最受欢迎的消遣方式之一。对许多人来说,家族史研究是一种启发式方法,可以与他们的祖先建立同理心的联系,因为时间、地理和代际距离的障碍,他们永远不会(也永远不会)遇到。由此产生的家族史通过个体的微观历史镜头来重构和重新讲述社会历史。有人声称,研究人员与其家庭叙事之间的这种亲密联系可以增强同理心反应,并导致证据之外的解释和假设。本文通过分析一项大型调查的定性数据来检验这一命题,该调查考察了澳大利亚家庭历史学家的信仰和实践。这些数据支持他们使用历史想象力作为历史解释和意义创造的催化剂,并使用阿什比和李(1987)的历史移情阶段来衡量理解的深度。研究得出结论,对于许多家族史研究人员来说,他们祖先的微观叙事引发了广泛的移情反应,从初级到微妙和复杂。
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引用次数: 0
Unheeded history: screening savage native Americans in Quentin Tarantino’s Inglourious Basterds 被忽视的历史:在昆汀·塔伦蒂诺的《无耻混蛋》中放映野蛮的印第安人
IF 0.6 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2021.1911445
Cui Chen, Fuying Shen
ABSTRACT This article examines how historiographic metafiction challenges traditional narratives of history. The author argues that subverting conventions of narrating the past through irony and a plurality of truths, Quentin Tarantino’s Inglourious Basterds (2009) can be regarded as historiographic metafiction. Its narratives of the past challenge the traditional History, provide alternate ways of telling history and invite a more meaningful cognitive engagement with history. To explore how the Americanization of the Holocaust sheds light on American racism, the author focuses on the figure of the savage Native American in the film and examines how Native Americans are brought into play through a plot that mixes up the histories of American settlers, African-Americans, Jews, Frenchmen, Germans and Italians and how the film screens Native Americans in the sight of psychoanalytic theorist Kaja Silverman’s terms of the look, the screen, and the gaze. I argue that the screening of savage Native Americans is in a constant process of renewal and the image of Native Americans is ironic rather than simply stereotypical, which contests dominant Hollywood representations of Native Americans either as ignoble savage or noble savage and reveals unheeded history.
摘要本文探讨了历史元小说如何挑战传统的历史叙事。昆汀·塔伦蒂诺(Quentin Tarantino)的《无耻混蛋》(Inglourious Basterds)(2009)颠覆了通过讽刺和多元真相讲述过去的惯例,可以被视为历史元小说。它对过去的叙述挑战了传统历史,提供了讲述历史的替代方式,并邀请人们对历史进行更有意义的认知接触。为了探索大屠杀的美国化如何揭示美国的种族主义,作者聚焦于电影中野蛮的美洲原住民的形象,并通过一个将美国定居者、非裔美国人、犹太人、法国人、,德国人和意大利人,以及这部电影如何在精神分析理论家卡娅·西尔弗曼的视角下放映美洲原住民。我认为,对野蛮的美洲原住民的放映是一个不断更新的过程,美洲原住民的形象是讽刺性的,而不是简单的刻板印象,它与好莱坞对美洲原住民的主要描述相竞争,无论是不光彩的野蛮人还是高尚的野蛮人,并揭示了被忽视的历史。
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引用次数: 0
Latent and manifest filmic narration: prison as a visual icon and the representation of political repression during the Years of Lead in Moroccan cinema (2000–2018) 潜在的和明显的电影叙事:监狱作为一种视觉图标和摩洛哥电影中政治镇压的表现(2000-2018)
IF 0.6 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2021.1928971
Lidia Peralta García
ABSTRACT Since the early 2000s, Moroccan cinema has reflected on the period of intense political repression during the rule of King Hassan II, known as the Years of Lead. Running from the 1960s through the 1980s, this period of contemporary Moroccan history was characterised by huge violations of human rights against democracy activists. One of the key features of Hassan II’s repressive policy was a network of secret prisons. In this article, I explore how prison has been represented in a group of 18 historical films produced from the year 2000 through to 2018. The theoretical approach connects concepts from cinema theories to wider questions of historical representation and film. By conducting interviews with eleven Moroccan filmmakers, two actors and two scriptwriters, and by accessing contextual and narrative analysis of the films, I aim to understand the construction of political suffering onscreen. The findings confirm that the prison as filmic icon pervades most of the films in ways that connect the plot with an inherited fear that overwhelms the main characters; fear at the prospect of imprisonment, fear deriving from the experience of actually being in prison, and fear that develops in the aftermath of having been imprisoned.
自21世纪初以来,摩洛哥电影反映了哈桑二世国王统治期间的激烈政治镇压时期,即所谓的“铅年”。从20世纪60年代到80年代,这段当代摩洛哥历史的特点是对民主活动人士的严重侵犯人权。哈桑二世镇压政策的主要特征之一是秘密监狱网络。在这篇文章中,我探讨了从2000年到2018年制作的18部历史电影是如何表现监狱的。理论方法将电影理论的概念与更广泛的历史再现和电影问题联系起来。通过采访11位摩洛哥电影制作人、两名演员和两名编剧,并通过对电影的语境和叙事分析,我旨在了解银幕上政治苦难的构建。研究结果证实,监狱作为电影的象征,在大多数电影中随处可见,它将情节与一种压倒主角的遗传恐惧联系在一起;对监禁前景的恐惧,来自于实际入狱经历的恐惧,以及在入狱后产生的恐惧。
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引用次数: 1
Being late in the present to experience unprecedented times: time and history 迟于现在去体验前所未有的时代:时间和历史
IF 0.6 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-02-15 DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2021.1882125
M. Ertsen
If I would have been on time with this review, I could not have included much of 2020. No mention of COVID-19 raging through the world. No reference to a sitting president refusing to accept electi...
如果我能按时完成这篇评论,我就不可能把2020年的大部分时间都包括在内。没有提及新冠肺炎肆虐全球。没有提到在任总统拒绝接受选举。。。
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引用次数: 0
Modes of historical attention: wonder, curiosity, fascination 关注历史的方式:惊奇,好奇,着迷
IF 0.6 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-12 DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2020.1847896
Torbjörn Gustafsson Chorell
ABSTRACT Among non-verbal motivating aspects of knowledge production, the modes of attention we name wonder, curiosity and fascination stand out. These different modes of attention are sometimes closely intertwined but can still be fruitfully analyzed as three distinct ways in which we encounter and approach objects that attract us or that we want to gain insight into. Wonder, curiosity and fascination will initiate different questions and direct toward various conclusions such as contemplation, causality and reminding. Awareness of which mode of attention one is performing when doing historical work will influence the kind of history one ultimately presents.
在知识生产的非语言激励方面,我们称之为惊奇、好奇和迷恋的注意模式尤为突出。这些不同的注意力模式有时是紧密交织在一起的,但仍然可以作为我们遇到和接近吸引我们的物体或我们想要深入了解的物体的三种不同方式进行富有成效的分析。惊奇、好奇和迷恋会引发不同的问题,并指向沉思、因果关系和提醒等各种结论。在做历史工作时,意识到自己的注意力模式会影响到自己最终呈现的历史类型。
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引用次数: 2
A process of screenwriting: a film treatment for ‘the Engineer-in-Chief’ 编剧过程:《总工程师》的电影处理
IF 0.6 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2020.1847842
Nadia Meneghello
ABSTRACT The purpose of a film treatment is to convince the reader of a cinematic story and the potential for the film to reach a broad audience. The treatment is a prose summary of the story as it plays out, in a compressed form, and is a process of screenwriting. It ensures the story is coherent and its meaning is made clear by conveying a sense of screenwriting conventions. Specifically, for the genre of historical drama, the poetics of a film treatment will encapsulate a blend of verifiable facts and creative solutions that contribute to the understanding of the past. Screenwriters, by way of empathetic and informed speculation, bridge the gap between epistemology and imagination to capture the hearts and minds of the audience. In 1902, a brilliant engineer’s emotions are at breaking point in the final days of his life as he struggles to defend himself against false allegations of corruption and incompetence levelled at him by parliament and the press. This is the ‘true’ story of the Coolgardie Water Supply Scheme, in Western Australia, encompassing the longest water pipeline in the world, but events conspire against the Engineer-in-Chief, Mr C.Y. O’Connor, leading to his tragic death.
摘要电影处理的目的是让读者相信电影故事以及电影吸引广大观众的潜力。这种处理是以压缩的形式对故事进行的散文总结,是一种编剧过程。它通过传达一种编剧惯例的感觉来确保故事的连贯性和意义。具体而言,对于历史戏剧类型,电影处理的诗学将包含可验证的事实和有助于理解过去的创造性解决方案。编剧们通过移情和知情的推测,弥合认识论和想象力之间的差距,捕捉观众的心灵。1902年,一位才华横溢的工程师在生命的最后几天情绪崩溃,他努力为自己辩护,反对议会和媒体对他的腐败和无能的虚假指控。这是西澳大利亚Coolgardie供水计划的“真实”故事,该计划包括世界上最长的供水管道,但事件与总工程师C.Y.O'Connor先生合谋,导致其不幸死亡。
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引用次数: 1
Journeys to St. Malo: a history of Filipino Louisiana 圣马洛之旅:菲律宾路易斯安那州的历史
IF 0.6 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2020.1831279
Michael Menor Salgarolo
ABSTRACT In this essay, I present a long history of St. Malo, Louisiana, revealing the ways in which the site’s social, cultural, and physical landscape has been shaped and unmade by the forces of slavery, colonialism, and racial capitalism. St. Malo is a remote area in the coastal wetlands thirty miles south of New Orleans that was home to a fishing village built by Filipino sailors in the mid-nineteenth century. I introduce readers to St. Malo as a historical setting by narrating an encounter between two journalists and the Filipinos of St. Malo in 1883. Then, I trace the forces and networks that brought Filipino sailors to Louisiana in the nineteenth century, situating this movement within a larger history of freedom and unfreedom in the Atlantic World. Finally, I describe my own personal journey to the site of St. Malo in 2019, reflecting on the tensions between local communities’ efforts to preserve the site’s history and the ongoing erasure of the site due to the anthropogenic destruction of Louisiana’s coastal wetlands.
摘要在这篇文章中,我介绍了路易斯安那州圣马洛的悠久历史,揭示了奴隶制、殖民主义和种族资本主义势力对该地社会、文化和自然景观的塑造和破坏。圣马洛是新奥尔良以南30英里处沿海湿地的一个偏远地区,19世纪中期,这里是菲律宾水手建造的一个渔村的所在地。我通过讲述1883年两名记者与圣马洛菲律宾人的相遇,向读者介绍圣马洛作为一个历史背景。然后,我追溯了19世纪将菲律宾水手带到路易斯安那州的力量和网络,将这场运动置于大西洋世界更大的自由和不自由历史中。最后,我描述了我自己在2019年前往圣马洛遗址的个人旅程,反思了当地社区保护该遗址历史的努力与路易斯安那州沿海湿地的人为破坏导致该遗址不断消失之间的紧张关系。
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引用次数: 2
Translating History 翻译历史
IF 0.6 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2020.1793529
R. Kaufman
ABSTRACT How can the poetic line translate history? In this article, I trace the methods of translation and transmission that accompanied my writing of an archival poetry collection. Immersed in Mexican Inquisition documents and crypto-Jewish oral histories of the Southwest, the collection interrogates questions of genre, form, empathy, and memory. I argue that historical poetry can foreground the materiality of history, embrace the sensual and strange, and hold at once conflicting narratives of the archive. Poetry’s ability to evade coherence and preserve simultaneities allows the ambiguities of history to surface, mythologies intact. The archival poem brings to bear the rhythms of the past through the language of the present.
诗行如何翻译历史?在这篇文章中,我追溯了伴随我撰写档案诗集而来的翻译和传播方法。该系列沉浸在墨西哥宗教裁判所的文件和西南部的加密犹太口述历史中,探讨了类型、形式、同理心和记忆等问题。我认为,历史诗歌可以突出历史的物质性,拥抱感性和奇异,并同时持有档案中相互冲突的叙事。诗歌逃避连贯性和保持同时性的能力使历史的模糊性浮出水面,神话完好无损。档案诗通过现在的语言来承载过去的节奏。
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引用次数: 2
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Rethinking History
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