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Rethinking History最新文献

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Rethinking oral history and tradition: an indigenous perspective 重新思考口述历史和传统:土著视角
IF 0.6 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2022.2033907
Jack V. Kalpakian, Georgi Asatryan
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引用次数: 16
Patriarchal power as a conceptual tool for gender history 父权作为性别历史的概念工具
IF 0.6 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2022.2037864
Bob Pierik
ABSTRACT The concept ‘patriarchy’ has endured decline in use by historians despite calls for its redemption. One of the main reasons is that uses of ‘patriarchy’ fall into potentially clashing categories: There are theories of ‘patriarchy’ as hierarchical authority in the family and there are theories of ‘patriarchy’ as a ubiquitous or universal structure through which men dominate women. I suggest that the first is more useful because it allows for a better historically situated understanding of patriarchal power. Yet, patriarchy as hierarchical authority is less applicable as a toolbox to understand gender history diachronically, something patriarchy as universal structure aspired to, and a project that we should not abandon along with the abandonment of patriarchy as universal structure. Instead, I argue for an understanding of patriarchal power as something that can help us think about how gendered bodies move through time. By turning more explicitly to the way in which patriarchal power appropriates the body and claims natural and universal status, it can be a potential conceptual tool in the historian’s toolbox that helps us address the challenge of diachronic history of gendered bodies without resorting to a biological essentialism.
尽管人们呼吁“父权制”这个概念得到救赎,但历史学家对它的使用却在减少。其中一个主要原因是,“父权制”的使用可能会陷入相互冲突的类别:有一种理论认为“父权制”是家庭中的等级权威,也有一种理论认为“父权制”是一种无处不在或普遍存在的结构,通过这种结构,男性可以支配女性。我认为前者更有用,因为它能让我们更好地从历史角度理解父权。然而,父权制作为一种等级权威,不太适用于作为一个工具箱来理解性别历史的历时性,这是父权制作为一种普遍结构所渴望的,也是我们不应该随着父权制作为一种普遍结构的放弃而放弃的项目。相反,我主张对父权的理解,可以帮助我们思考性别化的身体是如何随着时间推移的。通过更明确地转向男权占有身体并主张自然和普遍地位的方式,它可以成为历史学家工具箱中潜在的概念工具,帮助我们在不诉诸生物本质主义的情况下解决性别化身体历时历史的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
The fin de siècle and the multiple temporalities of historical periodization 最后一刻与历史分期的多重时间性
IF 0.6 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2022.2031802
M. Hearn
ABSTRACT Developing an effective theory of periodization requires an engagement with the multilayered figurative constructions of historical time made by historians and historical actors. The fin de siècle c1890-1914, a period variously interpreted as reflecting an historical endpoint or an anxious transition to twentieth century modernity, provides a compelling focus for this engagement. John Zammito has argued that ‘[Reinhart] Koselleck’s formal theory of historical time points ultimately to periodization as the fundamental theoretical domain for historical practice’. Koselleck argued that the condition of modern ‘historical time’ stimulated the development of ‘multiple temporalities’, ‘different passages of time which reveal different tempos of change’. This complex dynamic was reflected in the cultural manifestations of the fin de siècle, and the interpretations made by both historical actors and historians of its temporal nature. Following Koselleck, I argue that the fin de siècle may be best understood as a ‘synchronic unit’, a discrete temporal domain within the multiple temporalities of Neuzeit, the new time of modernity.
发展一种有效的分期理论需要参与历史学家和历史行动者对历史时间的多层次形象建构。1890年至1914年的末期,这一时期被不同地解释为反映了一个历史终点或向20世纪现代性的焦虑过渡,为这种接触提供了一个引人注目的焦点。John Zammito认为,“(莱因哈特)Koselleck的历史时间形式理论最终指向分期作为历史实践的基本理论领域”。科塞莱克认为,现代“历史时间”的条件刺激了“多重时间性”的发展,“不同的时间流逝揭示了不同的变化节奏”。这种复杂的动态反映在最后关头的文化表现,以及历史演员和历史学家对其时代性的解释中。在科塞勒克的基础上,我认为,“最后时刻”最好被理解为一个“共时单位”,是现代性新时代(Neuzeit)多重时间性中的一个离散的时间域。
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引用次数: 2
KNOWING IS SEEING: distance and proximity in affective virtual reality history 知即可见:情感虚拟现实史上的距离与接近
IF 0.6 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2022.2031803
Rūta Kazlauskaitė
ABSTRACT In this article, I examine perspective taking in virtual reality (VR) representations of the past, which could be regarded as one of the latest developments in the genre of reenactment and affective history. By building on Vanessa Agnew’s analysis of reenactment, I argue that some VR experiences, even though they reduce the distance between the knower and the known and adopt a strong emphasis on emotional engagement, can contribute to historical understanding and promote coming to terms with the past. I emphasize the importance of recognizing how VR experiences situate the audience and the past in relation to each other, i.e., through modes of relation that entail projection, replication, rupture and dialogical attention to the past. These modes of relation are configured through devices of proximity and distance, the combination of which produces a unique approach to the past in each VR experience. By analyzing two VR experiences – The Book of Distance and Accused #2: Walter Sisulu – I demonstrate how they put the tension between distance and proximity in relation to the past on display. The Book of Distance, in particular, makes distance, rather than proximity, much more prominent in its narration, while Accused #2 shifts the focus to the auditory experience, thereby emphasizing the speculative nature of the visual aspect of historical imagination.
摘要在这篇文章中,我研究了虚拟现实(VR)对过去的再现中的视角转换,这可以被视为重演和情感史流派的最新发展之一。通过建立在Vanessa Agnew对重演的分析基础上,我认为一些虚拟现实体验,尽管它们缩小了知情者和已知者之间的距离,并强烈强调情感参与,但可以有助于历史理解,促进人们接受过去。我强调认识到VR体验如何将观众和过去相互联系起来的重要性,即通过关系模式,包括对过去的投射、复制、断裂和对话式关注。这些关系模式是通过接近和距离设备配置的,它们的结合在每个VR体验中产生了一种独特的方式来了解过去。通过分析两种VR体验——《距离之书》和《被指控的#2:Walter Sisulu》——我展示了他们如何将距离和接近之间的紧张关系与过去联系起来。尤其是《距离之书》,它在叙事中更加突出了距离,而不是接近,而《被告2》则将焦点转移到了听觉体验上,从而强调了历史想象视觉方面的思辨性。
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引用次数: 2
Exploring fishery history in game form: ‘Never again April 18!’ 以游戏形式探索渔业历史:“4月18日再也不会!”
IF 0.6 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-12-02 DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2021.2001208
Jørn Weines
ABSTRACT This article studies the ways in which Norwegian fishery history can be explored through games. Using the 1989 closure of the Norwegian coastal cod commons as a case study, issues related to historical thinking and game studies are discussed. The main focus is on understanding history through serious games, but theoretical considerations for presenting the case in any game format are discussed. The case involves a historical resource crisis, and the article traces how a serious game can frame counterfactual imagination for questioning the institutional politics of resource management as well as for producing historical empathy with stakeholders in resource crises.
摘要本文研究了通过游戏探索挪威渔业历史的方法。以1989年挪威沿海鳕鱼公地的关闭为例,讨论了与历史思维和博弈研究有关的问题。主要关注点是通过严肃的游戏来理解历史,但讨论了以任何游戏形式呈现案例的理论考虑。该案例涉及一场历史资源危机,文章追溯了一场严肃的游戏如何构建反事实的想象,以质疑资源管理的制度政治,并在资源危机中与利益相关者产生历史同理心。
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引用次数: 1
‘You are, like, so woke’: Dickinson and the anachronistic turn in historical drama “你太清醒了”:狄金森和历史剧中不合时宜的转折
IF 0.6 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2021.1995645
Stephanie Russo
ABSTRACT Whilst scholars of historical fiction have largely moved away from the idea of accuracy as a means of assessing historical fiction, fidelity to historical facts continues to be considered an important generic requirement of the form. To include anachronisms in any historical fiction is usually considered a mistake or an embarrassment, a sign that the requisite attention to historical detail has lapsed. For a new spate of historical television shows such as Reign (2013–17), Dickinson (2019) and The Great (2020), however, authenticity is not located in an objective measure of accuracy or fidelity, but instead lies within the explicit, textual acknowledgement that the context of creation shapes all historical drama. Apple TV+’s comedy/drama Dickinson, in particular, entirely bypasses the question of accuracy by embracing intentional anachronism. With its soundtrack of contemporary music and a contemporary queer progressive sensibility, Dickinson uses anachronism to suggest a new way of thinking about one of the most mythologised and enigmatic of American literary icons. The show self-consciously draws overt parallels between past and present to emphasise the familiarity of the past, rather than its strangeness, thus rejecting triumphalist readings of history and positing a new way for contemporary audiences to understand and access history. Dickinson also suggests a definition of authenticity that is not reliant on the development of a sense of verisimilitude. In its use of intentional anachronism and its insistence on capturing a sense of affective accuracy, Dickinson suggests a new way of thinking about the function and form of historical fiction in the twenty-first century.
虽然历史小说的学者们在很大程度上已经不再把准确性作为评估历史小说的一种手段,但对历史事实的忠诚仍然被认为是这种形式的一个重要的一般要求。在任何历史小说中包含时代错误通常被认为是一个错误或尴尬,这表明对历史细节的必要关注已经消失。然而,对于新一批历史电视剧,如《统治》(2013-17)、《狄金森》(2019)和《伟大》(2020),真实性并不在于客观衡量准确性或保真度,而是在于明确的文本承认,即创作背景塑造了所有历史剧。尤其是Apple TV+的喜剧/戏剧《Dickinson》,它通过有意的时代错误,完全绕过了准确性的问题。狄金森以当代音乐为配乐,以当代酷儿进步的感知力为背景,运用时代错误的手法,提出了一种思考美国文学偶像中最神秘、最神秘的人物之一的新方式。这场展览有意识地将过去和现在进行明显的对比,以强调对过去的熟悉,而不是它的陌生感,从而拒绝了对历史的必胜主义解读,并为当代观众提供了一种理解和接触历史的新方式。狄金森还提出了一个不依赖于真实感发展的真实性定义。狄金森运用有意的时代错误,并坚持捕捉情感上的准确性,为21世纪历史小说的功能和形式提供了一种新的思考方式。
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引用次数: 1
Anthropocenic historical knowledge: promises and pitfalls 人类历史知识:承诺与陷阱
IF 0.6 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2021.1985224
Z. Simon, M. Tamm, E. Domańska
ABSTRACT In the form of a conversational exchange of ideas, Ewa Domańska, Zoltán Boldizsár Simon and Marek Tamm reflect on the condition and role of historical knowledge in the Anthropocene. In the conversation on the potential of ‘anthropocenic historical knowledge’ – including the limitations and use of the term – each author offers and elaborates on one main theme for discussion, on which the other two co-authors reflect: Tamm begins by posing the question of the extension of ‘the territory of the historian’, Simon takes on the challenge by calling for the development of a ‘scientific literacy’, and Domańska pulls the threads together by advocating ‘anticipatory knowledge’. In the conversation, each author reflects on all three themes that they present as fundamental tenets of a renewed historical knowledge attuned to the Anthropocene predicament.
摘要多曼斯卡、博尔迪萨尔·西蒙和塔姆以对话的形式反思了人类世历史知识的状况和作用。在关于“人类学历史知识”潜力的对话中,包括该术语的局限性和使用,每位作者都提出并阐述了一个主要讨论主题,其他两位合著者对此进行了反思:塔姆首先提出了“历史学家的领域”的延伸问题,西蒙通过呼吁发展“科学素养”来应对这一挑战,而多曼斯卡则通过倡导“前瞻性知识”来将这些线索联系在一起。在对话中,每一位作者都反思了他们提出的所有三个主题,这些主题是与人类世困境相适应的新历史知识的基本原则。
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引用次数: 4
How might Indigenous decolonization agendas inform Anthropocene historiography? 土著非殖民化议程如何影响人类世史学?
IF 0.6 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2021.1985811
J. Coope
ABSTRACT Many Indigenous and post-development commentators view the hegemony of western conceptions of ‘development’ as profoundly implicated in the Anthropocene’s global ecological crises and underpinned by modernity’s extractivist and anthropocentric worldview and sensibilities. Meanwhile, as Kothari et al. note, secular modernity’s defenders persist in the presumption that modern science affords the definitive account of nature and reality, while the worldviews of Indigenous peoples are frequently delegitimised as unsophisticated or mere superstition. Accordingly, many Indigenous critics call for today’s Indigenous movements globally to challenge the dominance of western ‘heteropatriarchal’ styles of thinking. They suggest modernity needs to learn from Indigenous movements and traditions, not least for insights into ethical relationality with the animate Earth. Likewise, Arturo Escobar insists that contemporary academic ‘theory’ needs re-enlivening: bringing it closer to life and the Earth and to the work of those who struggle to defend them. This paper asks how Indigenous decolonization agendas, which struggle in defense of life and the Earth, might inform historiography in the Anthropocene. For example, Beverley Southgate has suggested that history has a utopian and therapeutic purpose – helping us escape the thrall of the past and orientate ourselves towards emancipatory futures. This paper suggests – in an era of ecological emergency – that history’s utopian imaginaries will need to be commensurate with that vivid experience of sensed ethical reciprocity with nature, to which indigenous traditional ecological knowledges (ITEK) bear witness. Some western historians question whether a coherent story for humanity is possible, given how systems thinking suggests global feedback and radical uncertainty condition our future. However, systems thinking also highlights the hierarchical nature of human-ecological systems and suggests that the deepest level for intervening in any human-ecological system is at the level of a society’s ‘mental models’ and ‘worldview’. This is the level at which interventions have the greatest leverage for radical system transformation and is the level that this essay focuses upon.
许多土著和后发展评论家认为,西方“发展”概念的霸权与人类世的全球生态危机有着深刻的联系,并受到现代性的采掘主义和人类中心主义世界观和情感的支撑。与此同时,正如Kothari等人指出的那样,世俗现代性的捍卫者坚持认为现代科学提供了对自然和现实的最终解释,而土著人民的世界观经常被视为不成熟或纯粹的迷信而被剥夺了合法性。因此,许多土著批评家呼吁今天的全球土著运动挑战西方“异族父权制”思维方式的主导地位。他们认为,现代性需要从土著运动和传统中学习,尤其是为了洞察与有生命的地球的伦理关系。同样,阿图罗·埃斯科瓦尔坚持认为,当代学术“理论”需要重新活跃起来:使它更接近生活和地球,更接近那些为捍卫它们而奋斗的人的工作。这篇论文探讨了土著人在捍卫生命和地球的斗争中如何去殖民化议程,可能会影响人类世的史学。例如,贝弗利·索斯盖特(Beverley Southgate)提出,历史具有乌托邦和治疗的目的——帮助我们摆脱过去的束缚,让我们走向解放的未来。这篇论文提出——在一个生态紧急的时代——历史的乌托邦想象将需要与与自然的道德互惠感的生动体验相称,这是土著传统生态知识(ITEK)的见证。一些西方历史学家质疑,考虑到系统思维所暗示的全球反馈和根本的不确定性决定了我们的未来,是否有可能为人类创造一个连贯的故事。然而,系统思维也强调了人类生态系统的层次性,并表明干预任何人类生态系统的最深层次是在社会的“心智模型”和“世界观”的层面上。这是干预对激进的系统转型具有最大杠杆作用的水平,也是本文关注的水平。
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引用次数: 0
The open future in peril: the Anthropocene and the political agent of humanistically oriented historiography 危险中的开放未来:人类世和以人文主义为导向的史学的政治代理人
IF 0.6 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2021.1984678
T. Retz
ABSTRACT Determinism has long been a bugbear of humanistically oriented historiography. The opposition is political and typically expressed in liberal-democratic terms characterised by commitments to open time and the open future. Among its proponents, the Anthropocene has been regarded as a useful political concept that raises public consciousness of environmental problems and sets the stage for political action. The problem of determinism prevents the Anthropocene from being such a motivating force. Having been declared from a future millions of years from now, it sets the future in stone, telling humanity where it has ended up while it is still en route. Its temporal structure is that of a completed literary artefact. The characters play out a plot that is the finished creation of an omnipotent and omniscient author. As certain authors have sought to free their characters from the structure of narrative, so there is a need to consider the dynamics of human agency in the narrative structure of the Anthropocene. The purposeful and self-determining subject of humanistically oriented historiography remains a political agent who deliberates upon alternative courses of action.
摘要决定论一直是人文史学研究的一大难题。反对派是政治性的,通常以自由民主的方式表达,其特点是承诺开放的时间和开放的未来。在其支持者中,人类世被认为是一个有用的政治概念,它提高了公众对环境问题的意识,并为政治行动奠定了基础。决定论的问题阻碍了人类世成为这样一种推动力。它是从数百万年后的未来被宣布出来的,它把未来固定在石头上,告诉人类它在途中结束了。它的时间结构是一个完整的文学作品。书中人物的情节是由一位无所不能、无所不知的作者完成的。由于某些作家试图将他们的人物从叙事结构中解放出来,因此有必要在人类世的叙事结构中考虑人类能动性的动态。在以人文主义为导向的史学中,有目的的、自我决定的主体仍然是一个政治代理人,他在考虑各种行动方案。
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引用次数: 1
A ‘wicked problem’: rethinking history education in the Anthropocene 一个“邪恶的问题”:对人类世历史教育的反思
IF 0.6 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/13642529.2021.1992159
Heather E. McGregor, Jackson Pind, Sara Karn
ABSTRACT In seeking to attune history education to a relational, ecological, and ethical future orientation, we turned to scholarship in other fields that teach similar or proximate outcomes: Indigenous studies, environmental history, and climate change education. We suggest that the challenge in history is not just teaching about climate variation over time and its consequences, but also recognizing that the Anthropocene is a multidimensional phenomenon requiring adaptation in ways of being and understanding ourselves. We draw on the literature in each of the above-mentioned fields to leverage theory, content, and pedagogical cues to begin envisioning how history teachers and learners can seek meaning, when the terms within which we have made meaning in the past may slip away. In this article, we offer a prospective agenda for provoking history education to make significant change, particularly in Canada where we are situated. Our suggestions for history teaching and learning practice may be deployed in many different contexts to help educators confront the climate crisis. As historians and educators, we must provide these opportunities to learn about the past because as Davis and Todd state, ‘the story we tell ourselves about environmental crises, the story of humanity’s place on the earth and its presence within geological time determines how we understand how we got here, where we might like to be headed, and what we need to do’.
摘要为了使历史教育适应关系、生态和伦理的未来方向,我们转向了其他领域的学术,这些领域教授类似或接近的结果:土著研究、环境史和气候变化教育。我们认为,历史上的挑战不仅在于教授气候随时间变化及其后果,还在于认识到人类世是一个多层面的现象,需要在存在和理解我们自己的方式上进行适应。我们利用上述每个领域的文献,利用理论、内容和教学线索,开始设想历史教师和学习者如何寻求意义,而我们过去创造意义的术语可能会消失。在这篇文章中,我们为激发历史教育做出重大改变提供了一个前瞻性的议程,特别是在我们所在的加拿大。我们对历史教学和学习实践的建议可以应用于许多不同的背景下,以帮助教育工作者应对气候危机。作为历史学家和教育工作者,我们必须提供这些机会来了解过去,因为正如戴维斯和托德所说,“我们告诉自己的关于环境危机的故事,人类在地球上的地位及其在地质时间内的存在,决定了我们如何理解我们是如何来到这里的,我们可能想去哪里,以及我们需要做什么”。
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引用次数: 3
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Rethinking History
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