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Selective inclusion under competitive autocratic regimes: An example from the Turkish educational civil society 竞争性专制政权下的选择性包容:以土耳其教育公民社会为例
IF 1.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/17448689.2023.2206152
O. Tuncel
ABSTRACT This article attempts to explain the role of the educational civil society in Turkey from 2003 to 2012, where the regime excessively co-opts and controls associational life while maintaining a veneer of nominal compliance with democratic values. While existing studies fail to explain how the state interacts with these organizations during regime transitions, this research addresses this gap by adopting two educational policy periods as a case study. Thus, it shows the role of civil society under competitive autocratic regimes and which mechanisms the state uses in its shifting approach to civil society organizations in policymaking. This article claims that the state co-opts government-friendly civil society organizations and alters existing laws and regulations of educational institutions to keep the facade of democracy. Competitive autocratic state structure and its limited capacity, however, compel the regime to include different civil society organizations into the policymaking. Additionally, these organizations’ extensive knowledge and expertise are indispensable and invaluable resources the state needs to implement policies. Based on elite interviews of state officials and civil society organizations, and extensive document research, this article presents crucial insights on how competitive autocratic regimes adapt their approach to civil society.
本文试图解释2003年至2012年土耳其教育公民社会的作用,在那里,政权过度地选择和控制社团生活,同时保持名义上遵守民主价值观的外表。虽然现有的研究未能解释在政权过渡期间国家如何与这些组织互动,但本研究通过采用两个教育政策时期作为案例研究来解决这一空白。因此,它显示了公民社会在竞争性专制政权下的作用,以及国家在政策制定中转向公民社会组织时使用的机制。这篇文章声称,国家拉拢对政府友好的民间社会组织,修改现有的教育机构法律法规,以保持民主的外表。然而,竞争性的专制国家结构及其有限的能力迫使政权将不同的公民社会组织纳入决策。此外,这些组织的广泛知识和专业知识是国家实施政策不可或缺的宝贵资源。基于对国家官员和公民社会组织的精英访谈以及广泛的文献研究,本文对竞争性专制政权如何调整其方法以适应公民社会提出了重要见解。
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引用次数: 0
Theorizing inequalities in volunteering: Structural effects and social organization in deprived neighbourhoods 志愿服务不平等的理论化:贫困社区的结构效应和社会组织
IF 1.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/17448689.2023.2206149
R. Dacombe
ABSTRACT This article focuses on the relationship between volunteering and socio-economic status, suggesting that the insights provided by social organization theory can contribute to explanations of low levels of volunteering in areas exhibiting high levels of deprivation. The piece aims to provide a complementary framework to work alongside existing theories of inequalities in voluntary action, to reach towards an account which elucidates the role of structural factors in affecting the likelihood of volunteering in deprived areas. The article illustrates value of such an approach through an account of ethnographic research in a deprived neighbourhood in England, suggesting that by paying close attention to the configurations of social life in such areas it is possible to shed new light on the relationship between deprivation and volunteering.
摘要本文关注志愿服务与社会经济地位之间的关系,表明社会组织理论提供的见解有助于解释贫困程度高的地区志愿服务水平低的原因。这篇文章旨在提供一个补充框架,与现有的志愿行动不平等理论一起工作,以得出一个解释,阐明结构性因素在影响贫困地区志愿服务可能性方面的作用。这篇文章通过对英国贫困社区的民族志研究说明了这种方法的价值,表明通过密切关注这些地区的社会生活结构,有可能对贫困和志愿服务之间的关系有新的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Critical citizenship and civic participation in three generations of Russian Israelis 三代俄罗斯裔以色列人的关键公民身份和公民参与
IF 1.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/17448689.2023.2206159
L. Remennick, Anna Prashizky
ABSTRACT Civic behaviour of immigrants reflects both their pre-migration political socialization and the exposure to new political realities in the host country. Jewish immigrants to Israel receive citizenship soon upon arrival and are endowed with all political and economic rights in their adopted country. This essay highlights the long-term dynamics of civic attitudes and participation in three consecutive generations of ex-Soviet Israelis: from adult migrants (Gen 1.0) to their USSR/FSU-born children socialized mostly in Israel (Gen 1.5), and the Israeli-born Gen 2.0. Drawing on the combined analysis of national surveys and qualitative studies conducted over the last 20+ years, we examine shifts in attitudes and practices of citizenship reflected in voting patterns, volunteering, feelings of belonging, and ethnic mobilization for common community causes. We discuss the shifting civic agendas of Russian-speaking Israelis: from mainly economically driven during the 1990s to mainly symbolic and ethno-national since the early 2000s. Our analysis contributes to theoretical discussions on critical citizenship and sub-politics in immigrant-receiving societies.
摘要移民的公民行为既反映了他们在移民前的政治社会化,也反映了他们暴露在东道国新的政治现实中。以色列的犹太移民一到以色列就获得公民身份,并在被收养的国家享有所有政治和经济权利。这篇文章强调了连续三代前苏联以色列人的公民态度和参与的长期动态:从成年移民(1.0代)到他们在苏联/FSU出生的孩子,主要在以色列社会化(1.5代),以及在以色列出生的2.0代。根据对过去20多年来进行的全国调查和定性研究的综合分析,我们研究了投票模式、志愿服务、归属感和为共同社区事业进行的种族动员所反映的公民态度和做法的转变。我们讨论了讲俄语的以色列人不断变化的公民议程:从20世纪90年代的主要经济驱动,到21世纪初以来的主要象征性和民族性。我们的分析有助于对移民接收社会中的批判性公民身份和亚政治进行理论讨论。
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引用次数: 0
The radicals watched from the sidelines or the ambivalent citizens’ relations to radicalism in a poor Montreal neighbourhood 激进分子从旁观者的角度观察着蒙特利尔贫穷社区居民与激进主义之间矛盾的关系
IF 1.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/17448689.2023.2206155
C. Patsias
ABSTRACT This analysis seeks to understand the appropriation or rejection of radicalism by two groups in a poor and immigrant neighbourhood of Montreal. Yet although both defend the same causes and share the same progressive dimension, one presents itself as a group of non-radical citizens while the other presents itself as a group of radical activists. So for each group, what do these different definitions of identity enfold: citizens versus militants, non-radicals versus radicals? More than the acceptance and the use of violence, the investigation’s results reveal that the divergences observed illustrate a different construction of the intersection between social class, cultural or ethnic identity, and global and local boundaries. These different ways of conceiving the intersection shape specific democratic practices and relations to politics. This analysis outlines the relevance of not restricting the reflection on radicalism to a focus on the repertoire of collective action but rather exploring its meanings for citizens in their daily lives and its implications for their relations to politics. Finally, it also offers a concrete picture of left-wing ideological tensions and debates and how some grass roots organizations try (or do not try) to resolve them.
摘要本分析旨在了解蒙特利尔贫困和移民社区中两个群体对激进主义的挪用或拒绝。然而,尽管两者都捍卫着相同的事业,都有着相同的进步维度,但其中一个表现为一群非激进公民,而另一个则表现为一群激进活动家。那么,对于每个群体来说,这些不同的身份定义包含了什么:公民与武装分子,非激进分子与激进分子?除了接受和使用暴力之外,调查结果还表明,观察到的分歧表明,社会阶级、文化或种族认同以及全球和地方边界之间的交叉点是不同的。这些设想交叉点的不同方式塑造了特定的民主实践和与政治的关系。这一分析概述了不将对激进主义的反思局限于集体行动的关注,而是探索其对公民日常生活的意义及其对他们与政治关系的影响的相关性。最后,它还提供了左翼意识形态紧张局势和辩论的具体画面,以及一些基层组织如何试图(或不试图)解决这些问题。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding polycentrically organized movements: An analysis of the Slow Food and Fair Trade movements in Europe 理解多中心组织运动:对欧洲慢食运动和公平贸易运动的分析
IF 1.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/17448689.2023.2206153
Noha Shawki, Melissa Schnyder
ABSTRACT The Slow Food movement and the fair trade movements have in the past been described as lifestyle movements and defined and understood in terms of their lack of explicit political commitments. In this article we consider the extent to which this view is still true today, drawing on the concept of polycentricity to describe and reflect on the activities of these polycentrically organized movements. The theoretically informed discussion we provide offers a nuanced account of each movement and its effort to engage in different kinds of activities in different contexts that all contribute to advancing its vision. We argue that while activities typical of lifestyle movements are still common in both movements, their overall orientations are more explicitly political than they perhaps once were. While some political activity is local and intended to bring about fairly limited reforms, both movements seek more transformative change at the national and EU levels.
摘要慢食运动和公平贸易运动过去被描述为生活方式运动,并因缺乏明确的政治承诺而被定义和理解。在这篇文章中,我们考虑了这种观点在多大程度上仍然成立,并利用多中心性的概念来描述和反思这些多中心组织运动的活动。我们提供的理论上知情的讨论对每一个运动及其在不同背景下参与不同类型活动的努力进行了细致入微的描述,所有这些都有助于推进其愿景。我们认为,尽管生活方式运动的典型活动在这两个运动中仍然很常见,但它们的总体取向可能比以前更明确地具有政治性。虽然一些政治活动是地方性的,旨在带来相当有限的改革,但这两个运动都在国家和欧盟层面寻求更具变革性的变革。
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引用次数: 0
The political frame of a housing crisis: Campaigning for the right to housing in Ireland 住房危机的政治框架:爱尔兰争取住房权的运动
IF 1.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17448689.2023.2206158
Valesca Lima
ABSTRACT This article examines the politicized discourse employed by housing movement to shift long-standing narratives around housing, that attempt to shape the national debate over Ireland’s housing crisis. Amid issues of housing insecurity and affordability, homelessness in particular has become a hotly debated issue over the past decade and images of increasing family homelessness as a consequence of the housing crisis have sparked public outrage. Campaigners and activists have challenged the government’s market-based policy responses and demanded housing that is accessible to those who need it. The results show that while the narratives used by activists to change housing policy were somewhat successful in raising the issue of homelessness as a housing problem, the movement was less effective in motivating public concerns around housing as a fundamental right and in building a larger mass housing movement.
摘要本文探讨了住房运动所采用的政治化话语,以改变长期以来围绕住房的叙事,试图塑造爱尔兰住房危机的全国性辩论。在住房不安全和负担能力问题中,无家可归尤其成为过去十年中备受争议的问题,住房危机导致家庭无家可归人数增加的画面引发了公愤。活动人士和活动人士对政府基于市场的政策回应提出了质疑,并要求有需要的人能够获得住房。结果表明,尽管活动人士用来改变住房政策的说法在一定程度上成功地将无家可归问题提为住房问题,这场运动在激发公众对住房这一基本权利的关注以及建立更大规模的群众住房运动方面效果不佳。
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引用次数: 0
Why the network coordinator matters: The importance of learning, innovation, and governance structure in coproduction networks 网络协调者为何重要:合作网络中学习、创新和治理结构的重要性
IF 1.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17448689.2023.2206157
Sungdae Lim, Sarah L. Young
ABSTRACT What drives citizens to coproduce public services? We critically assess the extant literature on organizational learning, innovation, and cross-sector partnerships and situate each within the coproduction frameworks. We theorize a moderated mediation model that reasons organizational learning and external partnerships drive innovation within public service networks, which in turn motivates both user and community coproduction. Networks are coordinated by organizations across nonprofit and public sectors. We argue that the coordinating organization’s governance structure moderates its innovative capacity for the resulting coproduction. We conduct second-stage structural equation modelling analyses by employing Area Agencies on Aging, statutorily empowered to coordinate the U.S. aging service network across sectors. We found that public service networks innovate through the learning processes, that innovation mediates the learning effects to motivate user and community coproduction, and that nonprofit innovations better accelerate user coproduction. Ultimately, citizens coproduce service outcomes when the network coordinator drives changes.
是什么驱使公民共同提供公共服务?我们批判性地评估了现有的关于组织学习、创新和跨部门伙伴关系的文献,并将它们置于合作生产框架内。我们理论化了一个有调节的中介模型,该模型解释了组织学习和外部伙伴关系驱动公共服务网络内的创新,这反过来又激励了用户和社区的共同生产。网络由非营利组织和公共部门协调。我们认为,协调组织的治理结构调节其创新能力,从而产生合作生产。我们通过雇用地区老龄化机构进行第二阶段的结构方程建模分析,该机构在法律上有权协调美国跨部门的老龄化服务网络。研究发现,公共服务网络通过学习过程进行创新,创新通过中介学习效应来激励用户和社区的合作生产,而非营利性创新更能加速用户的合作生产。最终,当网络协调者推动变革时,公民共同产生服务成果。
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引用次数: 1
The good, the bad, and the ugly – Involving civil society organizations in Nordic policy for preventing extremism 好的、坏的和丑陋的——让民间社会组织参与北欧预防极端主义的政策
IF 1.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17448689.2023.2206150
Jennie Sivenbring, Robin Andersson Malmros
ABSTRACT In this article, we use critical policy analysis to explore how Nordic national policies express the purposes and positions of civil society organizations (CSOs) in efforts to prevent violent extremism (PVE). Furthermore, we analyze how the problem of extremism is constituted by this involvement. While the paper finds that CSOs are positioned as important actors, much due to their autonomous character and their legitimacy among target groups, the purposes and measures suggested in policy may harm their voluntary character. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the problem with extremism is mainly placed within the realms of religious communities and thereby runs the risk of (re)producing ideas of Islam as an extreme, anti-democratic religion. In extension, the well-intended involvement of CSOs in policy to prevent violent extremism might, in its current form, jeopardize the democratic rights of freedom of organization and freedom of speech and religion.
摘要在本文中,我们使用批判性政策分析来探讨北欧国家政策如何表达民间社会组织在预防暴力极端主义方面的宗旨和立场。此外,我们还分析了极端主义问题是如何由这种参与构成的。虽然该文件发现,民间社会组织被定位为重要行为者,这在很大程度上是由于其自主性和在目标群体中的合法性,但政策中建议的目的和措施可能会损害其自愿性。此外,分析表明,极端主义的问题主要存在于宗教团体的领域内,因此有可能(重新)产生伊斯兰作为极端、反民主宗教的思想。此外,民间社会组织有意参与防止暴力极端主义的政策,以目前的形式,可能会危及组织自由、言论和宗教自由的民主权利。
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引用次数: 0
‘Lives over profits! Bread not bullets!’: A people’s coalition for good governance in South Africa’s state of disaster “生命重于利益!”面包不是子弹!:在南非的灾难状态下,一个人民的善治联盟
IF 1.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17448689.2023.2206151
Sokfa F John, B. Mubangizi
ABSTRACT While the COVID-19 pandemic and state response negatively impact government and society alike, the need for public accountability and responsiveness, and the role of civil society in ensuring this has not declined. This article examines how the Covid-19 People’s Coalition in South Africa navigated lockdown restrictions to mobilize civil society for participation in governance by demanding effective, just, transparent and responsive COVID-19 policy and practice. Based on analysis of over 40 public statements, the article shows a predominantly negative sentiment in the Covid-19 Coalition’s reaction to South Africa’s COVID-19 response. Government response was primarily assessed as inadequate, exclusive, anti-poor and vulnerable, violent, and prioritizing socioeconomic concerns that are removed from the realities of the masses. The Coalition offers an example of innovative, people-centered, contextual and bottom-up approach to civil participation. It spoke for the vulnerable and demanded accountable leadership, while highlighting longstanding challenges that have not been effectively addressed. Overlooking such problems undermines the government's ability to tackle crises and achieve good governance. It is recommended that the Coalition balances its criticism with more hands-on and constructive approaches such as exploring avenues for collaboration with government to achieve desired change.
虽然COVID-19大流行和国家应对措施对政府和社会都产生了负面影响,但对公共问责制和响应能力的需求,以及民间社会在确保这一点方面的作用并未减弱。本文考察了南非的Covid-19人民联盟如何通过要求有效、公正、透明和反应迅速的Covid-19政策和做法,克服封锁限制,动员民间社会参与治理。根据对40多个公开声明的分析,这篇文章显示,新冠肺炎联盟对南非应对新冠肺炎的反应主要是负面情绪。政府的反应主要被评估为不充分、排外、反穷人和弱势群体、暴力、优先考虑脱离群众现实的社会经济问题。该联盟为公民参与提供了创新的、以人为本的、切合实际的、自下而上的方法。它为弱势群体发声,要求负责任的领导,同时强调了尚未得到有效解决的长期挑战。忽视这些问题会削弱政府处理危机和实现良好治理的能力。建议联合政府以更实际和建设性的方法来平衡其批评,例如探索与政府合作的途径,以实现期望的变革。
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引用次数: 0
Civil society’s impact on quality of life 民间社会对生活质量的影响
IF 1.6 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17448689.2023.2206148
B. Ibsen, Karsten Elmose-Østerlund, Evald Bundgaard Iversen, Jens Høyer-Kruse, Marlene Rosager Lund Pedersen
ABSTRACT The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of three forms of involvement in organized civil society – as ‘participant’, as ‘member’ and as ‘volunteer’ – on self-assessed quality of life when checking for coherence between the three forms of participation. The article is inspired by both Lim and Putnam’s claim that close social networks around meaningful and identity-bearing activities increase self-assessed quality of life and Stebbins’ claim that life satisfaction is an essential by-product of ‘serious leisure’. This article utilizes data from a digital survey study conducted among adult citizens in Denmark, which 2514 citizens answered. The questionnaire contained a broad range of questions regarding participation in leisure activities, membership in associations, engagement in voluntary work, subjective life-satisfaction, self-assessed health and social background of the respondents. The statistical regression analysis shows a correlation between volunteering in general and self-assessed quality of life, but the correlation is relatively weak. However, the analysis does not show a significant correlation between the quality of life and membership in an association and participation in ‘serious leisure’. Of the other variables included, self-assessed health, in particular, contributes to explaining the variation in self-assessed quality of life.
摘要本文的目的是分析有组织的民间社会的三种参与形式——作为“参与者”、“成员”和“志愿者”——在检查三种参与方式之间的一致性时,对自我评估的生活质量的影响。这篇文章的灵感来源于Lim和Putnam的说法,即围绕有意义和有身份的活动建立紧密的社交网络可以提高自我评估的生活质量,以及Stebbins的说法,生活满意度是“严肃休闲”的重要副产品。本文利用了一项在丹麦成年公民中进行的数字调查研究的数据,2514名公民回答了该调查。问卷包含了一系列广泛的问题,涉及受访者参与休闲活动、协会成员、参与志愿工作、主观生活满意度、自我评估的健康状况和社会背景。统计回归分析显示,一般志愿服务与自我评估的生活质量之间存在相关性,但相关性相对较弱。然而,该分析并没有显示生活质量、协会会员资格和参与“严肃休闲”之间的显著相关性。在包括的其他变量中,自我评估的健康状况尤其有助于解释自我评估的生活质量的变化。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Civil Society
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