Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2478/rtuect-2022-0074
Yousef Kassem, H. Gökçekuş, A. Iravanian, M. Nategh
Abstract There are various environmental risks in both the construction and operation phases of huge civil projects such as dam construction. As a result, it is critical to implement appropriate risk control and risk mitigation measures before the initiation of the activities posed by these schemes. The goal of this research is to identify and categorize the environmental risks posed by the Amirkabir Dam during its construction and operation phases. After identifying the risks, the risk factors were prioritized using the FMEA method, with the risks being ranked according to their severity, probability of occurrence, and ability to detect. The study’s findings revealed that the highest risk in the dam construction stage is associated with road construction and vehicle exhaust gases (RPNs of 280 and 252, respectively), and the highest risk in the operation phase is associated with borrow area overuse (erosion and sediment downstream of the dam) (RPN of 280).
{"title":"Implications of the FMEA Method in Evaluating Amirkabir Dam’s Environmental Risk","authors":"Yousef Kassem, H. Gökçekuş, A. Iravanian, M. Nategh","doi":"10.2478/rtuect-2022-0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0074","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There are various environmental risks in both the construction and operation phases of huge civil projects such as dam construction. As a result, it is critical to implement appropriate risk control and risk mitigation measures before the initiation of the activities posed by these schemes. The goal of this research is to identify and categorize the environmental risks posed by the Amirkabir Dam during its construction and operation phases. After identifying the risks, the risk factors were prioritized using the FMEA method, with the risks being ranked according to their severity, probability of occurrence, and ability to detect. The study’s findings revealed that the highest risk in the dam construction stage is associated with road construction and vehicle exhaust gases (RPNs of 280 and 252, respectively), and the highest risk in the operation phase is associated with borrow area overuse (erosion and sediment downstream of the dam) (RPN of 280).","PeriodicalId":46053,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Climate Technologies","volume":"11 1","pages":"982 - 997"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86667176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2478/rtuect-2022-0057
M. Sinka, Ella Spurina, A. Korjakins, D. Bajare
Abstract Hempcrete is a bio-based self-bearing envelope and thermal insulation building material that is becoming more popular nowadays and has a low environmental impact, especially CO2 emissions. This study looks for solutions for hempcrete printing using a custom-built gantry type 3D printer typically used for concrete 3D printing. Preliminary research shows that hempcrete can be printed at a relatively low density of 660 kg/m3 and achieve an adequate buildability and compressive strength for printing individual wall elements. At this density, hempcrete has a thermal conductivity of 0.133 W/(m·K), unable to provide the adequate thermal resistance at average wall thickness, so high-density hempcrete should be printed as an outer wall shell (similar to Contour Crafting) and the middle filled with lower density thermal insulation hempcrete. By calculating the CO2 emissions of such printed 400–620 mm thick walls, it was found that they absorb from 1.21 to 16.7 kg of CO2 per m2, thus, such material could reduce the negative environmental impact of the construction industry while improving its productivity through 3D printing.
{"title":"Hempcrete – CO2 Neutral Wall Solutions for 3D Printing","authors":"M. Sinka, Ella Spurina, A. Korjakins, D. Bajare","doi":"10.2478/rtuect-2022-0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hempcrete is a bio-based self-bearing envelope and thermal insulation building material that is becoming more popular nowadays and has a low environmental impact, especially CO2 emissions. This study looks for solutions for hempcrete printing using a custom-built gantry type 3D printer typically used for concrete 3D printing. Preliminary research shows that hempcrete can be printed at a relatively low density of 660 kg/m3 and achieve an adequate buildability and compressive strength for printing individual wall elements. At this density, hempcrete has a thermal conductivity of 0.133 W/(m·K), unable to provide the adequate thermal resistance at average wall thickness, so high-density hempcrete should be printed as an outer wall shell (similar to Contour Crafting) and the middle filled with lower density thermal insulation hempcrete. By calculating the CO2 emissions of such printed 400–620 mm thick walls, it was found that they absorb from 1.21 to 16.7 kg of CO2 per m2, thus, such material could reduce the negative environmental impact of the construction industry while improving its productivity through 3D printing.","PeriodicalId":46053,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Climate Technologies","volume":"62 1","pages":"742 - 753"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86020529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2478/rtuect-2022-0062
Janet Kiprono, H. Rutto, T. Seodigeng
Abstract In the present study, calcined phosphate rock was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO). Response surface methodology was used to optimize and determine the significant process variables that affected the experiment. A 5-level-4 factor Central composite design consisting of 30 experiments was used to develop a quadratic polynomial model. The following parameters were optimized, namely, reaction temperature (40–90 °C), catalyst to oil weight ratio (1–5 %), reaction time (40–120 min), and methanol to oil ratio (10:1–18:1). Maximum biodiesel yield of 96.07 % was obtained through numerical optimization at reaction temperature 62.63 °C, catalyst to oil weight ratio of 3.32 %, reaction time 79.07 min, and alcohol to oil ratio 14.79:1. Fourier transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) analysis was used to characterize the phosphate rock in its raw form, after calcination at 1000 °C and after the first and the fourth reuse cycle. According to the American society for testing and material (ASTM D6751), the fuel properties such as kinematic viscosity, pour point, cloud point, and density were measured and were found to be within the stipulated range.
{"title":"Production of Biodiesel Using Phosphate Rock as a Heterogeneous Catalyst. An Optimized Process Using Surface Response Methodology","authors":"Janet Kiprono, H. Rutto, T. Seodigeng","doi":"10.2478/rtuect-2022-0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0062","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the present study, calcined phosphate rock was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO). Response surface methodology was used to optimize and determine the significant process variables that affected the experiment. A 5-level-4 factor Central composite design consisting of 30 experiments was used to develop a quadratic polynomial model. The following parameters were optimized, namely, reaction temperature (40–90 °C), catalyst to oil weight ratio (1–5 %), reaction time (40–120 min), and methanol to oil ratio (10:1–18:1). Maximum biodiesel yield of 96.07 % was obtained through numerical optimization at reaction temperature 62.63 °C, catalyst to oil weight ratio of 3.32 %, reaction time 79.07 min, and alcohol to oil ratio 14.79:1. Fourier transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) analysis was used to characterize the phosphate rock in its raw form, after calcination at 1000 °C and after the first and the fourth reuse cycle. According to the American society for testing and material (ASTM D6751), the fuel properties such as kinematic viscosity, pour point, cloud point, and density were measured and were found to be within the stipulated range.","PeriodicalId":46053,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Climate Technologies","volume":"47 23 1","pages":"822 - 835"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80615704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2478/rtuect-2022-0073
Janet Kiprono, H. Rutto, T. Seodigeng, C. Enweremadu
Abstract In this paper, phosphate rock has been utilized beyond its traditional role as a raw material for fertilizer production to a new potential role as a heterogeneous base catalyst for biodiesel production. The rock was thermally modified through calcination at 900 °C for 8 hrs. One factor at a time experimental design was used to vary the operating conditions of time (30–150 min), temperature (40 °C–80 °C,) catalyst concentration (1–5 wt%), and methanol to oil ratio (10–50 wt%). It was established that the optimum production conditions for maximum biodiesel yield of 93 % using this novel catalyst was achieved at reaction time 90 min, reaction temperature 60 °C, catalyst concentration 3wt% and methanol to oil weight ratio of 30 wt%. The synthesized biodiesel was compared with the raw waste oil using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine the efficiency of conversion from this catalyst. The catalyst modification after calcination was also analysed using this spectroscopic technique to confirm any changes in the functional groups. Biodiesel’s chemical and physical properties were measured based on the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) international standards for biodiesel.
{"title":"Biodiesel Production Using Calcined Phosphate Rock as a Precursor of Calcium Oxide Heterogeneous Catalyst","authors":"Janet Kiprono, H. Rutto, T. Seodigeng, C. Enweremadu","doi":"10.2478/rtuect-2022-0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0073","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, phosphate rock has been utilized beyond its traditional role as a raw material for fertilizer production to a new potential role as a heterogeneous base catalyst for biodiesel production. The rock was thermally modified through calcination at 900 °C for 8 hrs. One factor at a time experimental design was used to vary the operating conditions of time (30–150 min), temperature (40 °C–80 °C,) catalyst concentration (1–5 wt%), and methanol to oil ratio (10–50 wt%). It was established that the optimum production conditions for maximum biodiesel yield of 93 % using this novel catalyst was achieved at reaction time 90 min, reaction temperature 60 °C, catalyst concentration 3wt% and methanol to oil weight ratio of 30 wt%. The synthesized biodiesel was compared with the raw waste oil using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine the efficiency of conversion from this catalyst. The catalyst modification after calcination was also analysed using this spectroscopic technique to confirm any changes in the functional groups. Biodiesel’s chemical and physical properties were measured based on the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) international standards for biodiesel.","PeriodicalId":46053,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Climate Technologies","volume":"60 1","pages":"968 - 981"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84929314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2478/rtuect-2022-0036
Sarah Landl, Harald Kirchsteiger
Abstract The rise of photovoltaic (PV) penetration is contributing to the increasing incidence of overvoltage detection in the electrical grid during times of high-power generation. Overvoltage can cause disturbances or (partial) failures in the electrical supply network, since the components used are designed for a certain voltage band. One option to counteract too high voltage levels and thus ensure power quality, grid stability and resilience is the absorption of active power by means of a battery energy storage system (BESS). In this paper, we first built a suitable simulation setup for a typical European network section, including a large-scale PV system connected to the 10 kV level and a BESS model. A suitable charging and discharging algorithm for the BESS with the aim to realize peak shaving for the grid voltage was developed and implemented. Simulations, performed in MATLAB/Simulink®, show the dependence of the battery capacity and power on the grid-serving effect of BESS. By determining appropriate values for these two factors a significant reduction of the voltage level could be achieved.
{"title":"Mitigating Overvoltage in Power Grids with Photovoltaic Systems by Energy Storage","authors":"Sarah Landl, Harald Kirchsteiger","doi":"10.2478/rtuect-2022-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The rise of photovoltaic (PV) penetration is contributing to the increasing incidence of overvoltage detection in the electrical grid during times of high-power generation. Overvoltage can cause disturbances or (partial) failures in the electrical supply network, since the components used are designed for a certain voltage band. One option to counteract too high voltage levels and thus ensure power quality, grid stability and resilience is the absorption of active power by means of a battery energy storage system (BESS). In this paper, we first built a suitable simulation setup for a typical European network section, including a large-scale PV system connected to the 10 kV level and a BESS model. A suitable charging and discharging algorithm for the BESS with the aim to realize peak shaving for the grid voltage was developed and implemented. Simulations, performed in MATLAB/Simulink®, show the dependence of the battery capacity and power on the grid-serving effect of BESS. By determining appropriate values for these two factors a significant reduction of the voltage level could be achieved.","PeriodicalId":46053,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Climate Technologies","volume":"499 1","pages":"470 - 483"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83378615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2478/rtuect-2022-0035
Mabell Ruiz, Fabian Diaz
Abstract The Colombian energy matrix faces significant changes toward meeting its energy needs while fulfilling its pledges in the Intended National Determined Contributions linked to the Paris Agreement. The country has developed a plan for energy transition with a 2050 horizon, a strategy reflected and supported by new legislative packages. Within its design, biomass and biomass waste play a vital role in bioenergy production; however, the benefits of deploying new bioenergy production facilities have not been fully accounted for, including only an economic and climate change perspective. In this work, a Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of a potential bioenergy plant for industrial symbiosis with the largest landfill in the country is undertaken, avoiding environmental burden shifting between environmental damage categories and exposing the social potential of such projects. The results show how these types of projects are economically feasible and have the potential to boost the sustainable development of local communities, which under the Colombian context, have been structurally relegated from conventional economic growth for decades.
{"title":"Life Cycle Sustainability Evaluation of Potential Bioenergy Development for Landfills in Colombia","authors":"Mabell Ruiz, Fabian Diaz","doi":"10.2478/rtuect-2022-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Colombian energy matrix faces significant changes toward meeting its energy needs while fulfilling its pledges in the Intended National Determined Contributions linked to the Paris Agreement. The country has developed a plan for energy transition with a 2050 horizon, a strategy reflected and supported by new legislative packages. Within its design, biomass and biomass waste play a vital role in bioenergy production; however, the benefits of deploying new bioenergy production facilities have not been fully accounted for, including only an economic and climate change perspective. In this work, a Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of a potential bioenergy plant for industrial symbiosis with the largest landfill in the country is undertaken, avoiding environmental burden shifting between environmental damage categories and exposing the social potential of such projects. The results show how these types of projects are economically feasible and have the potential to boost the sustainable development of local communities, which under the Colombian context, have been structurally relegated from conventional economic growth for decades.","PeriodicalId":46053,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Climate Technologies","volume":"46 1","pages":"454 - 469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85686470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2478/rtuect-2022-0012
M. Shanbayev, K. Turgumbayeva, D. Blumberga, Aziza Aipenova, T. Beisekova
Abstract The article presents the types and classification of waste from the phosphorus industry of the Zhambyl region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Waste is classified by its use as recyclable materials for construction materials. The results of a comparative assessment of the physical, chemical and structural properties of the phosphorus industry waste are presented. The article shows that all studied types of waste have astringent properties and can be used as building materials. In this work, a study of the properties of large-tonnage wastes of the phosphorus industry was carried out: 1) electrothermophosphoric granular slag (granulated slag); 2) phosphogypsum; 3) overburden. A technology has been developed for producing non-fired binders from waste of the phosphorus industry and a methodology for designing the composition of raw mixtures of multicomponent building composites has been proposed. Pilot tests and calculation of technical and economic indicators have been carried out, which have shown the economic feasibility of producing a non-firing binder for the construction industry from phosphorus production waste.
{"title":"Environmental and Economic Advantages of Disposal of Phosphoric Industry Waste","authors":"M. Shanbayev, K. Turgumbayeva, D. Blumberga, Aziza Aipenova, T. Beisekova","doi":"10.2478/rtuect-2022-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents the types and classification of waste from the phosphorus industry of the Zhambyl region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Waste is classified by its use as recyclable materials for construction materials. The results of a comparative assessment of the physical, chemical and structural properties of the phosphorus industry waste are presented. The article shows that all studied types of waste have astringent properties and can be used as building materials. In this work, a study of the properties of large-tonnage wastes of the phosphorus industry was carried out: 1) electrothermophosphoric granular slag (granulated slag); 2) phosphogypsum; 3) overburden. A technology has been developed for producing non-fired binders from waste of the phosphorus industry and a methodology for designing the composition of raw mixtures of multicomponent building composites has been proposed. Pilot tests and calculation of technical and economic indicators have been carried out, which have shown the economic feasibility of producing a non-firing binder for the construction industry from phosphorus production waste.","PeriodicalId":46053,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Climate Technologies","volume":"299 1","pages":"143 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75924297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2478/rtuect-2022-0004
V. Mezzanotte, F. Marazzi, E. Ficara, M. Mantovani, S. Valsecchi, Francesca Cappelli
Abstract The results of a first campaign of sampling and analyses of emerging micropollutants in the influent (municipal centrate) and effluent of a pilot MBP raceway are reported. The algal population was chiefly made of Chlorella spp. and the pilot worked satisfactorily for the removal of nitrogen. 14 emerging micropollutants were analysed. Average removal efficiencies exceeding 80 % were observed for diclofenac, lamotrigine, ketoprofene, clarithromycin. For such compounds the variability of removal efficiency was also reduced, with respect to the other tested molecules, and was particularly low for diclofenac and lamotrigine. Removal efficiencies over 50 % were measured for azithromycin, metoprolol and irbesartan but with strong variability. Lower removal efficiencies were observed for amisulpride and 5-methylbenzotriazole, while for the remaining compounds the concentrations in the effluent were higher than in the influent.
{"title":"First Results on the Removal of Emerging Micropollutants from Municipal Centrate by Microalgae","authors":"V. Mezzanotte, F. Marazzi, E. Ficara, M. Mantovani, S. Valsecchi, Francesca Cappelli","doi":"10.2478/rtuect-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The results of a first campaign of sampling and analyses of emerging micropollutants in the influent (municipal centrate) and effluent of a pilot MBP raceway are reported. The algal population was chiefly made of Chlorella spp. and the pilot worked satisfactorily for the removal of nitrogen. 14 emerging micropollutants were analysed. Average removal efficiencies exceeding 80 % were observed for diclofenac, lamotrigine, ketoprofene, clarithromycin. For such compounds the variability of removal efficiency was also reduced, with respect to the other tested molecules, and was particularly low for diclofenac and lamotrigine. Removal efficiencies over 50 % were measured for azithromycin, metoprolol and irbesartan but with strong variability. Lower removal efficiencies were observed for amisulpride and 5-methylbenzotriazole, while for the remaining compounds the concentrations in the effluent were higher than in the influent.","PeriodicalId":46053,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Climate Technologies","volume":"17 1","pages":"36 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90024743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2478/rtuect-2022-0040
G. Bumanis, D. Bajare
Abstract Low energy building materials based on natural and renewable resources have become popular among customers. The natural occurrence of the raw materials and the idea to move closer to nature with its natural products have brought high interest in hempcrete. Hempcrete is a kind of binder-aggregate material where besides mineral binder, hemp shive aggregate act as a filler. A good technical performance of such composites has been reported before, while the term an ‘advanced material’ for traditional hempcrete lacks some superior properties for civil engineers. This research offers advanced hempcrete-type material where gypsum binder and hemp shives are used as the main components. Additionally, phase change material (PCM) was incorporated into the mixture composition to increase their thermal mass. PCM gives additional thermal heat storage for buildings which makes the building envelope more homogenous regarding thermal stability under outer temperature fluctuations. This could give additional comfort during heating and cooling seasons. Up to 20 wt.% of microencapsulated PCM suspension had been added to the hempcrete mixture composition and heat capacity was calculated and validated with differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Physical and mechanical performance was also evaluated. Results indicate that in the temperature interval from 20 to 30 °C, the heat capacity of hempcrete can be increased to 1901 J/(gK) (by 70.4 %) and it correlates well with theoretical thermal mass calculation. This gives promising results for further development of the material and proves the feasibility of PCM integration in hempcrete.
{"title":"PCM Modified Gypsum Hempcrete with Increased Heat Capacity for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings","authors":"G. Bumanis, D. Bajare","doi":"10.2478/rtuect-2022-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Low energy building materials based on natural and renewable resources have become popular among customers. The natural occurrence of the raw materials and the idea to move closer to nature with its natural products have brought high interest in hempcrete. Hempcrete is a kind of binder-aggregate material where besides mineral binder, hemp shive aggregate act as a filler. A good technical performance of such composites has been reported before, while the term an ‘advanced material’ for traditional hempcrete lacks some superior properties for civil engineers. This research offers advanced hempcrete-type material where gypsum binder and hemp shives are used as the main components. Additionally, phase change material (PCM) was incorporated into the mixture composition to increase their thermal mass. PCM gives additional thermal heat storage for buildings which makes the building envelope more homogenous regarding thermal stability under outer temperature fluctuations. This could give additional comfort during heating and cooling seasons. Up to 20 wt.% of microencapsulated PCM suspension had been added to the hempcrete mixture composition and heat capacity was calculated and validated with differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Physical and mechanical performance was also evaluated. Results indicate that in the temperature interval from 20 to 30 °C, the heat capacity of hempcrete can be increased to 1901 J/(gK) (by 70.4 %) and it correlates well with theoretical thermal mass calculation. This gives promising results for further development of the material and proves the feasibility of PCM integration in hempcrete.","PeriodicalId":46053,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Climate Technologies","volume":"25 5","pages":"524 - 534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72479084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.2478/rtuect-2022-0017
Omari Zizivadze, Isidore Kachakhidze, A. Geguchadze, B. Zivzivadze, Anzor Kuparadze, Nata Sulakvelidze
Abstract The paper describes the problem of using the vehicle’s suspension as a source of an alternative energy. One of the best ways to improve the vehicle efficiency and its smooth ride is to make some rational changes in the vehicle design, one of which is to convert the mechanical energy accumulated in the vehicle’s suspension into electricity. The shock absorber in the suspension has been replaced with two different-type new recuperative devices, which replace the shock absorber and convert into electricity the loads coming from the road irregularities to pavement.
{"title":"A Study on a Recuperative Suspension as an Alternative Energy Source","authors":"Omari Zizivadze, Isidore Kachakhidze, A. Geguchadze, B. Zivzivadze, Anzor Kuparadze, Nata Sulakvelidze","doi":"10.2478/rtuect-2022-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper describes the problem of using the vehicle’s suspension as a source of an alternative energy. One of the best ways to improve the vehicle efficiency and its smooth ride is to make some rational changes in the vehicle design, one of which is to convert the mechanical energy accumulated in the vehicle’s suspension into electricity. The shock absorber in the suspension has been replaced with two different-type new recuperative devices, which replace the shock absorber and convert into electricity the loads coming from the road irregularities to pavement.","PeriodicalId":46053,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Climate Technologies","volume":"13 1","pages":"213 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73060133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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