Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.1177/15346501211048508
Davy Phrathep, B. Donohue, Shane W. Kraus, Michelle G. Paul, J. Mercer
Adolescent athletes with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) experience unique challenges that impact their sport performance, such as making errors due to poor concentration. The current multiple-baseline across behaviors case trial (i.e., positive assertion and negative assertion) is an evaluation of The Optimum Performance Program in Sports in an adolescent athlete diagnosed with ADHD and ODD. Intervention skill sets were targeted sequentially in a virtual format to safeguard against COVID-19 contraction. A battery of psychological measures was administered at baseline, post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up. Results indicated negative and positive assertion skills improved, but only when targeted, and severity of ADHD and ODD symptom severity, general mental health symptoms, and factors interfering with sport performance decreased from pre- to post-intervention and these improvements were maintained at 1-month follow-up. Similar improvements occurred in relationships with coaches, teammates, and family. Treatment integrity and consumer satisfaction were high.
{"title":"A Controlled Evaluation of a Sport-Specific Performance Optimization Program in an Athlete Diagnosed With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder Within the Context of COVID-19","authors":"Davy Phrathep, B. Donohue, Shane W. Kraus, Michelle G. Paul, J. Mercer","doi":"10.1177/15346501211048508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15346501211048508","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescent athletes with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) experience unique challenges that impact their sport performance, such as making errors due to poor concentration. The current multiple-baseline across behaviors case trial (i.e., positive assertion and negative assertion) is an evaluation of The Optimum Performance Program in Sports in an adolescent athlete diagnosed with ADHD and ODD. Intervention skill sets were targeted sequentially in a virtual format to safeguard against COVID-19 contraction. A battery of psychological measures was administered at baseline, post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up. Results indicated negative and positive assertion skills improved, but only when targeted, and severity of ADHD and ODD symptom severity, general mental health symptoms, and factors interfering with sport performance decreased from pre- to post-intervention and these improvements were maintained at 1-month follow-up. Similar improvements occurred in relationships with coaches, teammates, and family. Treatment integrity and consumer satisfaction were high.","PeriodicalId":46059,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Case Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42216859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-19DOI: 10.1177/15346501211049452
G. Cooper, Alycia Zink, Shiloh E. Jordan
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are complex and chronic conditions that result in impairment across a number of clinically significant domains. Although the two diagnoses reflect distinct clinical syndromes, they often present comorbidly. Furthermore, the comorbidity of the two diagnoses predicts increased symptomatology and may also result in treatment difficulties that would not arise when treating PTSD without a concurrent BPD diagnosis. The challenging nature of comorbid PTSD and BPD diagnoses has led to an increased interest in integrative approaches to treating both diagnoses together. Recent research has suggested that the integration of prolonged exposure (PE; an evidence-based therapy for PTSD) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT; an evidence-based therapy for BPD) into one treatment approach (CBT–PE) can offer superior outcomes when compared to treating each diagnosis separately. However, at this time, the literature does not document any such examinations with regards to cognitive processing therapy (CPT), another evidence-based therapy for PTSD. This paper reflects a first step towards exploring the integration of CPT and DBT. In this case, a female-identified military Veteran seeking care at a Veterans Affairs healthcare system was treated utilizing integrated, though sequential, CPT and DBT. The clinical results of this case are discussed, as are the implications for other clinicians considering integrating CPT and DBT.
{"title":"Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Cognitive Processing Therapy Delivered Sequentially to a Woman Veteran: A Promising Alternative to Concurrent Dialectical Behavior Therapy–Prolonged Exposure","authors":"G. Cooper, Alycia Zink, Shiloh E. Jordan","doi":"10.1177/15346501211049452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15346501211049452","url":null,"abstract":"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are complex and chronic conditions that result in impairment across a number of clinically significant domains. Although the two diagnoses reflect distinct clinical syndromes, they often present comorbidly. Furthermore, the comorbidity of the two diagnoses predicts increased symptomatology and may also result in treatment difficulties that would not arise when treating PTSD without a concurrent BPD diagnosis. The challenging nature of comorbid PTSD and BPD diagnoses has led to an increased interest in integrative approaches to treating both diagnoses together. Recent research has suggested that the integration of prolonged exposure (PE; an evidence-based therapy for PTSD) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT; an evidence-based therapy for BPD) into one treatment approach (CBT–PE) can offer superior outcomes when compared to treating each diagnosis separately. However, at this time, the literature does not document any such examinations with regards to cognitive processing therapy (CPT), another evidence-based therapy for PTSD. This paper reflects a first step towards exploring the integration of CPT and DBT. In this case, a female-identified military Veteran seeking care at a Veterans Affairs healthcare system was treated utilizing integrated, though sequential, CPT and DBT. The clinical results of this case are discussed, as are the implications for other clinicians considering integrating CPT and DBT.","PeriodicalId":46059,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Case Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65484176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.1177/15346501211047482
J. Warren, T. Hanstock, S. Hunt, S. Halpin
Child abuse and neglect in very young children can lead to trauma-related stress symptoms that can be challenging to treat. Children exposed to multiple traumas occurring in the context of a caregiving relationship are sometimes more severely affected, evidenced by diverse negative behavioral, physical, social, and emotional consequences. Some of these children go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT) is a dyadic play-based treatment for children with behavior problems and their parents or caregivers. There is limited research relating to the application of PCIT with very young children with PTSD with some studies actively excluding families where PTSD was present (Herschell et al., 2017). Additionally, there are no articles relating to treatment of a child restored to the care of a parent following out-of-home care (OOHC) and fewer still relating to a child restored to the care of her father. This case study illustrates the use of PCIT with a 3-year-old girl with PTSD, recently restored to her father’s care. It highlights how the use of PCIT in this case not only improved behavioral indicators of traumatic stress, but also afforded this child permanency and stability. The case study provides a summary of the progression of this intervention and the results obtained throughout treatment and 4 years post-intervention. The results indicated that PCIT, with trauma-informed tailoring, was an effective treatment in this case and contributed to safe and permanent care for this child.
{"title":"Parent–Child Interaction Therapy for a 3-Year-Old Girl With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Restoration to Her Father’s Care Following a Period in Out-of-Home Care","authors":"J. Warren, T. Hanstock, S. Hunt, S. Halpin","doi":"10.1177/15346501211047482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15346501211047482","url":null,"abstract":"Child abuse and neglect in very young children can lead to trauma-related stress symptoms that can be challenging to treat. Children exposed to multiple traumas occurring in the context of a caregiving relationship are sometimes more severely affected, evidenced by diverse negative behavioral, physical, social, and emotional consequences. Some of these children go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT) is a dyadic play-based treatment for children with behavior problems and their parents or caregivers. There is limited research relating to the application of PCIT with very young children with PTSD with some studies actively excluding families where PTSD was present (Herschell et al., 2017). Additionally, there are no articles relating to treatment of a child restored to the care of a parent following out-of-home care (OOHC) and fewer still relating to a child restored to the care of her father. This case study illustrates the use of PCIT with a 3-year-old girl with PTSD, recently restored to her father’s care. It highlights how the use of PCIT in this case not only improved behavioral indicators of traumatic stress, but also afforded this child permanency and stability. The case study provides a summary of the progression of this intervention and the results obtained throughout treatment and 4 years post-intervention. The results indicated that PCIT, with trauma-informed tailoring, was an effective treatment in this case and contributed to safe and permanent care for this child.","PeriodicalId":46059,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Case Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49615841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.1177/15346501211045707
Jennifer L. Cecilione, Stephanie A. Hitti, S. Vrana
Although misophonia is not yet included in the primary diagnostic manuals used by psychologists or psychiatrists, proposed criteria suggest that this condition is characterized by a strong negative reaction to and avoidance of certain trigger sounds. Misophonic trigger sounds are largely human-made (e.g., chewing and slurping) and evoke responses such as disgust, irritation, and/or anger that are out of proportion to the situation and cause distress and/or impairment. Currently, there is no gold standard evidence-based treatment for misophonia. As the misophonia treatment literature grows, several important questions are arising: (1) should exposure to aversive sound triggers be included in treatment for misophonia and (2) how can clinicians best assess misophonia symptoms. This case offers one example of misophonia being successfully treated with a cognitive-behavioral approach to treatment (including exposures) in an adolescent girl. This case also offers an example of how clinicians may conduct a comprehensive assessment of misophonia symptoms. Theoretically and empirically derived recommendations for including exposure in misophonia treatment are presented. Information from this case may be helpful in informing future research, as there is a paucity of evidence-based assessment and treatment protocols for misophonia.
{"title":"Treating Adolescent Misophonia With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Considerations for Including Exposure","authors":"Jennifer L. Cecilione, Stephanie A. Hitti, S. Vrana","doi":"10.1177/15346501211045707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15346501211045707","url":null,"abstract":"Although misophonia is not yet included in the primary diagnostic manuals used by psychologists or psychiatrists, proposed criteria suggest that this condition is characterized by a strong negative reaction to and avoidance of certain trigger sounds. Misophonic trigger sounds are largely human-made (e.g., chewing and slurping) and evoke responses such as disgust, irritation, and/or anger that are out of proportion to the situation and cause distress and/or impairment. Currently, there is no gold standard evidence-based treatment for misophonia. As the misophonia treatment literature grows, several important questions are arising: (1) should exposure to aversive sound triggers be included in treatment for misophonia and (2) how can clinicians best assess misophonia symptoms. This case offers one example of misophonia being successfully treated with a cognitive-behavioral approach to treatment (including exposures) in an adolescent girl. This case also offers an example of how clinicians may conduct a comprehensive assessment of misophonia symptoms. Theoretically and empirically derived recommendations for including exposure in misophonia treatment are presented. Information from this case may be helpful in informing future research, as there is a paucity of evidence-based assessment and treatment protocols for misophonia.","PeriodicalId":46059,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Case Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46984141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-28DOI: 10.1177/15346501211041407
Anna Linnehan, B. Cannon, J. Luiselli
We report the case of a 10-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder who had difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep. Through home consultation, his parents were trained to implement a multicomponent sleep intervention that included (a) faded bedtime, (b) regimented pre-bedtime routines, and (c) elimination of positive social consequences contingent on sleep problems including unwanted co-sleeping. A critical element in the case was functional assessment of the conditions associated with poor sleeping and matching intervention to parent preferences. Compared to a baseline phase, intervention reduced night waking frequency and duration as well as the time required for the boy to fall asleep. Follow-up results one and 2 months post-intervention documented sustained improvement.
{"title":"Parent-Mediated Home Intervention for Delayed Sleep-Onset and Night Waking in a Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Anna Linnehan, B. Cannon, J. Luiselli","doi":"10.1177/15346501211041407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15346501211041407","url":null,"abstract":"We report the case of a 10-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder who had difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep. Through home consultation, his parents were trained to implement a multicomponent sleep intervention that included (a) faded bedtime, (b) regimented pre-bedtime routines, and (c) elimination of positive social consequences contingent on sleep problems including unwanted co-sleeping. A critical element in the case was functional assessment of the conditions associated with poor sleeping and matching intervention to parent preferences. Compared to a baseline phase, intervention reduced night waking frequency and duration as well as the time required for the boy to fall asleep. Follow-up results one and 2 months post-intervention documented sustained improvement.","PeriodicalId":46059,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Case Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45621497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-28DOI: 10.1177/15346501211041388
C. Gasperetti, Janie J Hong
Rather than structuring treatment based on diagnoses, case formulation–driven cognitive behavior therapy (CF-CBT) focuses on building an individualized formulation or map of how a patient’s presenting problems are being maintained and uses this formulation to guide treatment planning. A case formulation can include comorbid diagnoses, underlying mechanisms, relevant historical, biological, and social factors, and problems unrelated to a diagnosis (e.g., unemployment). Therapy is also a learning context, and clients vary in their learning styles and preferences. The success of treatment depends not only on what a client learns but also on how a client learns. Frequently, learning style is not considered when developing a case formulation or providing CBT. The present case study, based on a man with social anxiety disorder who was treated using CF-CBT, demonstrates the importance of including learning style to target both what and how the client learns.
{"title":"The Importance of Learning Style in Case Formulation–Driven Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Case Study","authors":"C. Gasperetti, Janie J Hong","doi":"10.1177/15346501211041388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15346501211041388","url":null,"abstract":"Rather than structuring treatment based on diagnoses, case formulation–driven cognitive behavior therapy (CF-CBT) focuses on building an individualized formulation or map of how a patient’s presenting problems are being maintained and uses this formulation to guide treatment planning. A case formulation can include comorbid diagnoses, underlying mechanisms, relevant historical, biological, and social factors, and problems unrelated to a diagnosis (e.g., unemployment). Therapy is also a learning context, and clients vary in their learning styles and preferences. The success of treatment depends not only on what a client learns but also on how a client learns. Frequently, learning style is not considered when developing a case formulation or providing CBT. The present case study, based on a man with social anxiety disorder who was treated using CF-CBT, demonstrates the importance of including learning style to target both what and how the client learns.","PeriodicalId":46059,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Case Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43059300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-26DOI: 10.1177/15346501211046054
Olivia Schollar-Root, J. Cassar, Natalie Peach, V. Cobham, Bronwyn Milne, E. Barrett, S. Back, S. Bendall, S. Perrin, K. Brady, J. Ross, M. Teesson, Ivana Kihas, Katherine A Dobinson, K. Mills
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) occur frequently as comorbid diagnoses among adolescents. Historically, these conditions have been treated using a sequential model; however, emerging evidence suggests that an integrated treatment model may be most effective. This article presents two de-identified clinical case studies from an ongoing randomised controlled trial examining the efficacy of an integrated, exposure-based, cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy (CBT) for PTSD and SUD among adolescents (COPE-A), relative to a supportive counselling control condition (person-centred therapy). In both case studies, participants were randomised to receive the COPE-A integrated treatment, which incorporates prolonged exposure (PE) including imaginal and in vivo exposure as a core treatment component alongside CBT for PTSD and SUD. The clinical profile and treatment response of each participant is discussed. Promising results were found in both cases, with substantially reduced traumatic stress symptoms and decreased or stable levels of substance use by the end of treatment. Clinical implications of these early findings are discussed.
{"title":"Integrated Trauma-Focused Psychotherapy for Traumatic Stress and Substance Use: Two Adolescent Case Studies","authors":"Olivia Schollar-Root, J. Cassar, Natalie Peach, V. Cobham, Bronwyn Milne, E. Barrett, S. Back, S. Bendall, S. Perrin, K. Brady, J. Ross, M. Teesson, Ivana Kihas, Katherine A Dobinson, K. Mills","doi":"10.1177/15346501211046054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15346501211046054","url":null,"abstract":"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) occur frequently as comorbid diagnoses among adolescents. Historically, these conditions have been treated using a sequential model; however, emerging evidence suggests that an integrated treatment model may be most effective. This article presents two de-identified clinical case studies from an ongoing randomised controlled trial examining the efficacy of an integrated, exposure-based, cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy (CBT) for PTSD and SUD among adolescents (COPE-A), relative to a supportive counselling control condition (person-centred therapy). In both case studies, participants were randomised to receive the COPE-A integrated treatment, which incorporates prolonged exposure (PE) including imaginal and in vivo exposure as a core treatment component alongside CBT for PTSD and SUD. The clinical profile and treatment response of each participant is discussed. Promising results were found in both cases, with substantially reduced traumatic stress symptoms and decreased or stable levels of substance use by the end of treatment. Clinical implications of these early findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46059,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Case Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43416858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.1177/15346501211038275
Sampurna Chakraborty, P. Roy
Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is an evidence-based therapy, originally developed to treat major depression. IPT conceptualizes depression from a bio-psychosocial perspective where signs of depression are understood in the context of an individual’s current social and interpersonal stressors, defined in terms of role transitions, disputes, bereavements, and sensitivities. In this single case study, IPT was used to treat a woman undergoing primary infertility with multiple failed pregnancies and unsuccessful adoption procedures along with specific grief reactions and depressive symptoms for 2 years. The therapy was formulated over 12 weekly sessions in the outpatient set-up in a general hospital in Kolkata in 2017. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was used to assess the efficacy of the therapy and its outcomes. The therapy was found to be effective in the patient and justifies the rationale of choosing the said therapy for the specific case from an interpersonal viewpoint. The case study may help suggest how and why to use interpersonal psychotherapy in infertility conditions with psychological ramifications.
{"title":"Interpersonal Therapy in Primary Infertility, Life-Cycle Transitions, and Dysthymia: A Single Case Study","authors":"Sampurna Chakraborty, P. Roy","doi":"10.1177/15346501211038275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15346501211038275","url":null,"abstract":"Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is an evidence-based therapy, originally developed to treat major depression. IPT conceptualizes depression from a bio-psychosocial perspective where signs of depression are understood in the context of an individual’s current social and interpersonal stressors, defined in terms of role transitions, disputes, bereavements, and sensitivities. In this single case study, IPT was used to treat a woman undergoing primary infertility with multiple failed pregnancies and unsuccessful adoption procedures along with specific grief reactions and depressive symptoms for 2 years. The therapy was formulated over 12 weekly sessions in the outpatient set-up in a general hospital in Kolkata in 2017. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was used to assess the efficacy of the therapy and its outcomes. The therapy was found to be effective in the patient and justifies the rationale of choosing the said therapy for the specific case from an interpersonal viewpoint. The case study may help suggest how and why to use interpersonal psychotherapy in infertility conditions with psychological ramifications.","PeriodicalId":46059,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Case Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45482131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-11DOI: 10.1177/15346501211035841
A. Fondren, Anne N. Banducci, Randall J. Cox, Ateka A. Contractor
Many current treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) emphasize processing and engaging with trauma memories as the key mechanism of therapeutic change. However, promising emerging research indicates links between PTSD symptoms and positive memories. Processing positive memories, to therapeutically impact health outcomes for trauma-exposed individuals, may have several benefits, including (a) increasing access to positive coping mechanisms via activating positive affect and thoughts; (b) addressing avoidance of positive affect and thoughts; and (c) honing skills that will aid in the eventual processing of trauma memories. The present article demonstrates the utility and effects of a novel Processing of Positive Memories Technique (PPMT) with three clients who reported a history of traumatic experiences. We outline the procedures of a 5-session PPMT, that incorporates symptom assessment, detailed imaginal experiencing of positive memories, and processing of associated positive values, affect, strengths, and thoughts. We utilize longitudinal assessment data to demonstrate the clinical benefits of PPMT, such as less PTSD severity, improved mood (e.g., less negative affect), and greater self-esteem. Finally, we discuss treatment considerations based on unique client factors and treatment modalities (i.e., in-person vs. video telehealth).
{"title":"Processing of Positive Memories Technique among Clients Reporting Traumatic Experiences: A Case Series","authors":"A. Fondren, Anne N. Banducci, Randall J. Cox, Ateka A. Contractor","doi":"10.1177/15346501211035841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15346501211035841","url":null,"abstract":"Many current treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) emphasize processing and engaging with trauma memories as the key mechanism of therapeutic change. However, promising emerging research indicates links between PTSD symptoms and positive memories. Processing positive memories, to therapeutically impact health outcomes for trauma-exposed individuals, may have several benefits, including (a) increasing access to positive coping mechanisms via activating positive affect and thoughts; (b) addressing avoidance of positive affect and thoughts; and (c) honing skills that will aid in the eventual processing of trauma memories. The present article demonstrates the utility and effects of a novel Processing of Positive Memories Technique (PPMT) with three clients who reported a history of traumatic experiences. We outline the procedures of a 5-session PPMT, that incorporates symptom assessment, detailed imaginal experiencing of positive memories, and processing of associated positive values, affect, strengths, and thoughts. We utilize longitudinal assessment data to demonstrate the clinical benefits of PPMT, such as less PTSD severity, improved mood (e.g., less negative affect), and greater self-esteem. Finally, we discuss treatment considerations based on unique client factors and treatment modalities (i.e., in-person vs. video telehealth).","PeriodicalId":46059,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Case Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41881450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-07DOI: 10.1177/15346501211030208
J. Axe, C. Murphy, W. L. Heward
Functional communication training (FCT) is a treatment for problem behavior in which the learner is taught a communicative behavior that fulfills the same function as the problem behavior. Although effective, when FCT is used to request breaks from work, limitations include increased time spent in breaks and reduced task-related responding. An alternative treatment is most-to-least prompting (MTL) of a task in which a therapist provides the most helpful prompts for task-related responding (e.g., physical guidance) and gradually reduces the amount of help (e.g., visual prompt and then verbal) until the learner responds independently. We evaluated FCT and MTL in a multiple treatments design with an 11-year-old girl with severe developmental disabilities. Both treatments reduced problem behavior from baseline levels, and academic responding was greater during MTL than during FCT. MTL is an errorless teaching approach conceptualized as an abolishing operation that reduces the aversiveness of a task and makes escape less valuable.
{"title":"Functional Communication Training and Most-To-Least Prompting as Treatments for Problem Behavior","authors":"J. Axe, C. Murphy, W. L. Heward","doi":"10.1177/15346501211030208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15346501211030208","url":null,"abstract":"Functional communication training (FCT) is a treatment for problem behavior in which the learner is taught a communicative behavior that fulfills the same function as the problem behavior. Although effective, when FCT is used to request breaks from work, limitations include increased time spent in breaks and reduced task-related responding. An alternative treatment is most-to-least prompting (MTL) of a task in which a therapist provides the most helpful prompts for task-related responding (e.g., physical guidance) and gradually reduces the amount of help (e.g., visual prompt and then verbal) until the learner responds independently. We evaluated FCT and MTL in a multiple treatments design with an 11-year-old girl with severe developmental disabilities. Both treatments reduced problem behavior from baseline levels, and academic responding was greater during MTL than during FCT. MTL is an errorless teaching approach conceptualized as an abolishing operation that reduces the aversiveness of a task and makes escape less valuable.","PeriodicalId":46059,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Case Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/15346501211030208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48305223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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