Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00074918.2021.1909692
S. Indrawati, A. Kuncoro
This article explores Indonesia’s readiness to upgrade its human capital in response to changes in population and economic structure in order to harness the technological advances of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The symptoms of premature deindustrialisation can be clearly observed in Indonesia, suggesting that it needs to improve its productivity to adapt to digital disruption and structural economic change. Supplyside advancement will require infrastructure and human resource development. On the production side, Indonesia will need to revitalise its manufacturing, service and resource-based sectors, treating them as value chains to be integrated into global networks. Indonesia’s education policy framework to upgrade human resources and improve the country’s competitiveness focuses on five areas: access to education; quality of education; synergies between government, industry and higher education; industry linkages; and incentives. Meanwhile, the disruption caused by the Covid-19 pandemic is forcing the Indonesian education system to instantly revolutionise its teaching methods to adapt to pandemic and post-pandemic conditions.
{"title":"Improving Competitiveness Through Vocational and Higher Education: Indonesia’s Vision For Human Capital Development In 2019–2024","authors":"S. Indrawati, A. Kuncoro","doi":"10.1080/00074918.2021.1909692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2021.1909692","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores Indonesia’s readiness to upgrade its human capital in response to changes in population and economic structure in order to harness the technological advances of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The symptoms of premature deindustrialisation can be clearly observed in Indonesia, suggesting that it needs to improve its productivity to adapt to digital disruption and structural economic change. Supplyside advancement will require infrastructure and human resource development. On the production side, Indonesia will need to revitalise its manufacturing, service and resource-based sectors, treating them as value chains to be integrated into global networks. Indonesia’s education policy framework to upgrade human resources and improve the country’s competitiveness focuses on five areas: access to education; quality of education; synergies between government, industry and higher education; industry linkages; and incentives. Meanwhile, the disruption caused by the Covid-19 pandemic is forcing the Indonesian education system to instantly revolutionise its teaching methods to adapt to pandemic and post-pandemic conditions.","PeriodicalId":46063,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies","volume":"57 1","pages":"29 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00074918.2021.1909692","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42539474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00074918.2021.1956406
A. Booth
{"title":"A Diagnostic Study of the Civil Service in Indonesia","authors":"A. Booth","doi":"10.1080/00074918.2021.1956406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2021.1956406","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46063,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies","volume":"57 1","pages":"257 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48108420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.1080/00074918.2020.1862411
A. Tyson, Eugenia Meganingtyas
According to the European Union’s recast Renewable Energy Directive (RED II), the EU aims to phase out feedstock biofuels that involve high indirect land-use change (ILUC) by 2030, which includes crude palm oil only. Indonesia, the world’s leading producer of crude palm oil, contests this regulation, claiming that the classification of biofuels as being produced with high- or low-risk ILUC is discriminatory and inherently protectionist. This study examines the critical ambiguities of protectionism and sustainability, using a legal framework to empirically ascertain the nature of RED II and Indonesia’s institutional response. Southeast Asian palm oil and European vegetable oils (such as rapeseed and sunflower oils) are considered ‘like products’ under World Trade Organization criteria that emphasise product-related process and production methods. RED II has the potential to qualify for exemptions under GATT article XX. However, the extraterritoriality of RED II, which aims to reduce emissions, is contested, as is the unilateral nature of the ILUC risk measurements.
{"title":"The Status of Palm Oil Under the European Union’s Renewable Energy Directive: Sustainability or Protectionism?","authors":"A. Tyson, Eugenia Meganingtyas","doi":"10.1080/00074918.2020.1862411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1862411","url":null,"abstract":"According to the European Union’s recast Renewable Energy Directive (RED II), the EU aims to phase out feedstock biofuels that involve high indirect land-use change (ILUC) by 2030, which includes crude palm oil only. Indonesia, the world’s leading producer of crude palm oil, contests this regulation, claiming that the classification of biofuels as being produced with high- or low-risk ILUC is discriminatory and inherently protectionist. This study examines the critical ambiguities of protectionism and sustainability, using a legal framework to empirically ascertain the nature of RED II and Indonesia’s institutional response. Southeast Asian palm oil and European vegetable oils (such as rapeseed and sunflower oils) are considered ‘like products’ under World Trade Organization criteria that emphasise product-related process and production methods. RED II has the potential to qualify for exemptions under GATT article XX. However, the extraterritoriality of RED II, which aims to reduce emissions, is contested, as is the unilateral nature of the ILUC risk measurements.","PeriodicalId":46063,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies","volume":"58 1","pages":"31 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00074918.2020.1862411","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42315190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-10DOI: 10.1080/00074918.2020.1862410
Laura Márquez-Ramos
I review the literature in international trade that uses Indonesian firm-level data, particularly the Annual Manufacturing Survey compiled by the Industrial Statistics division of Statistics Indonesia. I identify the issues addressed and the scope for new policy-relevant research questions. From a data-availability approach, I provide insights into general data concerns and constraints faced by researchers. From a policy-relevance approach, I find that a limited number of topics are analysed in the studies that use the data and are published in international refereed journals. I identify some overall trends, and then discuss new topics and methods for a continuing policy-relevant research agenda.
{"title":"A Survey of Papers Using Indonesian Firm-Level Data: Research Questions and Insights for Novel Policy-Relevant Research in Economics","authors":"Laura Márquez-Ramos","doi":"10.1080/00074918.2020.1862410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1862410","url":null,"abstract":"I review the literature in international trade that uses Indonesian firm-level data, particularly the Annual Manufacturing Survey compiled by the Industrial Statistics division of Statistics Indonesia. I identify the issues addressed and the scope for new policy-relevant research questions. From a data-availability approach, I provide insights into general data concerns and constraints faced by researchers. From a policy-relevance approach, I find that a limited number of topics are analysed in the studies that use the data and are published in international refereed journals. I identify some overall trends, and then discuss new topics and methods for a continuing policy-relevant research agenda.","PeriodicalId":46063,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies","volume":"58 1","pages":"141 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00074918.2020.1862410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47320537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-29DOI: 10.1080/00074918.2020.1811837
Julian Inchauspe, Moch Abdul Kobir, G. Macdonald
The empirical relationship between public expenditure and economic growth can be analysed from different viewpoints. This study focuses on the empirical testing of the validity of Wagner’s law for the Indonesian economy. The high economic growth in the sample period of 1980–2014 makes the law likely to be applicable to Indonesia. Causality and cointegration techniques are used. A key finding in our vector autoregression analysis is unidirectional causality running from GDP and price to government expenditure, supporting Wagner’s law. In the case of price and government expenditure, this study also finds evidence of a long-run cointegrating relationship, which appears stable and supports unidirectional causality. The vast majority of the deviations from the equilibrium relationship between government expenditure and price are found to be transitory shocks to government expenditure. Most deviations also appear significantly countercyclical to economic activity, suggesting that government expenditure does play a role in economic stabilisation.
{"title":"Wagner’s Law and the Dynamics of Government Spending on Indonesia","authors":"Julian Inchauspe, Moch Abdul Kobir, G. Macdonald","doi":"10.1080/00074918.2020.1811837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1811837","url":null,"abstract":"The empirical relationship between public expenditure and economic growth can be analysed from different viewpoints. This study focuses on the empirical testing of the validity of Wagner’s law for the Indonesian economy. The high economic growth in the sample period of 1980–2014 makes the law likely to be applicable to Indonesia. Causality and cointegration techniques are used. A key finding in our vector autoregression analysis is unidirectional causality running from GDP and price to government expenditure, supporting Wagner’s law. In the case of price and government expenditure, this study also finds evidence of a long-run cointegrating relationship, which appears stable and supports unidirectional causality. The vast majority of the deviations from the equilibrium relationship between government expenditure and price are found to be transitory shocks to government expenditure. Most deviations also appear significantly countercyclical to economic activity, suggesting that government expenditure does play a role in economic stabilisation.","PeriodicalId":46063,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies","volume":"58 1","pages":"79 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00074918.2020.1811837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46466339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00074918.2020.1854644
{"title":"Glossary","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00074918.2020.1854644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1854644","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46063,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies","volume":"56 1","pages":"367 - 369"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00074918.2020.1854644","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45488730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00074918.2020.1854722
P. Athukorala
This multi-author volume aims to supply ‘meaningful analyses … of regional integration and cooperation in East Asia … that provide insights in designing better preferential trading agreements or ec...
{"title":"East Asian Integration: Goods, Services and Investment","authors":"P. Athukorala","doi":"10.1080/00074918.2020.1854722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1854722","url":null,"abstract":"This multi-author volume aims to supply ‘meaningful analyses … of regional integration and cooperation in East Asia … that provide insights in designing better preferential trading agreements or ec...","PeriodicalId":46063,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies","volume":"56 1","pages":"363 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00074918.2020.1854722","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45575296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00074918.2020.1846482
G. Fealy
The Covid-19 pandemic has thrown President Joko Widodo’s second-term plans into disarray. Jokowi’s aspiration for dramatically accelerated development between 2019 and 2024 to secure his legacy as a transformative president now appears unachievable. As he has grappled with managing the pandemic and salvaging key parts of his agenda, he has consistently prioritised the economy over public health, and has also abandoned commitments to uphold or strengthen an array of political and civil rights that are crucial to the quality of Indonesian democracy. He has allowed the military and intelligence services to greatly expand their role in public life, and his government has, in the name of defending Indonesian pluralism, initiated discriminatory measures against sections of the Islamist community, which the government sees as sectarian and intolerant. The president’s reformist credentials have also been dented by Jokowi’s decision to support the nominations of his son and son-in-law in mayoral elections in two major cities, bringing accusations of dynasticism and elitism.
{"title":"Jokowi in the Covid-19 Era: Repressive Pluralism, Dynasticism and the Overbearing State","authors":"G. Fealy","doi":"10.1080/00074918.2020.1846482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1846482","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic has thrown President Joko Widodo’s second-term plans into disarray. Jokowi’s aspiration for dramatically accelerated development between 2019 and 2024 to secure his legacy as a transformative president now appears unachievable. As he has grappled with managing the pandemic and salvaging key parts of his agenda, he has consistently prioritised the economy over public health, and has also abandoned commitments to uphold or strengthen an array of political and civil rights that are crucial to the quality of Indonesian democracy. He has allowed the military and intelligence services to greatly expand their role in public life, and his government has, in the name of defending Indonesian pluralism, initiated discriminatory measures against sections of the Islamist community, which the government sees as sectarian and intolerant. The president’s reformist credentials have also been dented by Jokowi’s decision to support the nominations of his son and son-in-law in mayoral elections in two major cities, bringing accusations of dynasticism and elitism.","PeriodicalId":46063,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies","volume":"56 1","pages":"301 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00074918.2020.1846482","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41794197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00074918.2020.1854736
S. Grenville
By coincidence, 1966 marked not only a watershed in Indonesia’s economic history after the Second World War but also the founding of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The narrative of the ADB in In...
{"title":"Indonesia and the Asian Development Bank: Fifty Years of Partnership","authors":"S. Grenville","doi":"10.1080/00074918.2020.1854736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1854736","url":null,"abstract":"By coincidence, 1966 marked not only a watershed in Indonesia’s economic history after the Second World War but also the founding of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The narrative of the ADB in In...","PeriodicalId":46063,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies","volume":"56 1","pages":"365 - 366"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00074918.2020.1854736","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44965322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00074918.2020.1854079
R. Sparrow, T. Dartanto, R. Hartwig
As the Covid-19 crisis deepened in 2020, President Joko Widodo announced that Indonesia should prepare for the ‘new normal’. But when social distancing restrictions were relaxed in June to encourage economic recovery, the virus was not yet contained in Indonesia. Since then, the rate of infection has been rising faster than in many neighbouring countries. The pandemic has hit the economy hard, with a 5.3% reduction in GDP in the second quarter, the worst economic slump since 1998. In this Survey, we look at how Indonesia is preparing for the new normal. We argue that the government is focused on short-term recovery and does not have a clear strategy to address the medium-and longer-term implications of Covid-19. The response to the virus relies on public compliance to public health measures. There is a clear lack of emphasis on reducing the rate of infection through effective testing and tracing and enforcing social distancing and mobility restrictions. The government has developed an economic recovery plan that concentrates on cushioning the short-term impact of the crisis and supporting the poor and near-poor, rather than reducing long-term poverty and preventing structural changes in unemployment. Finally, we find that the pandemic is undermining the long-term financial sustainability of Indonesia’s social health insurance system. The education sector is reasonably prepared for extended school closures and distance learning. Yet there is no strategy to address the accumulated learning losses resulting from this crisis.
{"title":"Indonesia Under the New Normal: Challenges and the Way Ahead","authors":"R. Sparrow, T. Dartanto, R. Hartwig","doi":"10.1080/00074918.2020.1854079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1854079","url":null,"abstract":"As the Covid-19 crisis deepened in 2020, President Joko Widodo announced that Indonesia should prepare for the ‘new normal’. But when social distancing restrictions were relaxed in June to encourage economic recovery, the virus was not yet contained in Indonesia. Since then, the rate of infection has been rising faster than in many neighbouring countries. The pandemic has hit the economy hard, with a 5.3% reduction in GDP in the second quarter, the worst economic slump since 1998. In this Survey, we look at how Indonesia is preparing for the new normal. We argue that the government is focused on short-term recovery and does not have a clear strategy to address the medium-and longer-term implications of Covid-19. The response to the virus relies on public compliance to public health measures. There is a clear lack of emphasis on reducing the rate of infection through effective testing and tracing and enforcing social distancing and mobility restrictions. The government has developed an economic recovery plan that concentrates on cushioning the short-term impact of the crisis and supporting the poor and near-poor, rather than reducing long-term poverty and preventing structural changes in unemployment. Finally, we find that the pandemic is undermining the long-term financial sustainability of Indonesia’s social health insurance system. The education sector is reasonably prepared for extended school closures and distance learning. Yet there is no strategy to address the accumulated learning losses resulting from this crisis.","PeriodicalId":46063,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies","volume":"56 1","pages":"269 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00074918.2020.1854079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48684597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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