While ecological restoration may help bridge the nature-culture gap, restoration still holds relevant meanings for naturalness, as demonstrated in this case study of staff and volunteers in the Cook County Forest Preserves (CCFP) in Illinois, United States. Translating naturalness as an agency policy into restoration goals for sites, CCFP integrated historical evidence, ecological science, and human values. Naturalness was constructed as historical fidelity, a scientific designation to be objectively discovered, while the scales at which people interpreted historical fidelity, namely, species, communities, processes, and practices, were sites of value deliberation. The multiple renderings of naturalness can be a strength that provides flexibility to restore what is locally valued, constructing restoration projects that acknowledge, rather than attempt to overcome, the constructed nature of naturalness.
{"title":"The Role of Naturalness in Ecological Restoration","authors":"Nicole M. Evans, W. Stewart","doi":"10.3167/NC.2018.130203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/NC.2018.130203","url":null,"abstract":"While ecological restoration may help bridge the nature-culture\u0000gap, restoration still holds relevant meanings for naturalness, as demonstrated\u0000in this case study of staff and volunteers in the Cook County Forest Preserves\u0000(CCFP) in Illinois, United States. Translating naturalness as an agency policy\u0000into restoration goals for sites, CCFP integrated historical evidence, ecological\u0000science, and human values. Naturalness was constructed as historical\u0000fidelity, a scientific designation to be objectively discovered, while the scales\u0000at which people interpreted historical fidelity, namely, species, communities,\u0000processes, and practices, were sites of value deliberation. The multiple\u0000renderings of naturalness can be a strength that provides flexibility to restore\u0000what is locally valued, constructing restoration projects that acknowledge,\u0000rather than attempt to overcome, the constructed nature of naturalness.","PeriodicalId":46069,"journal":{"name":"Nature + Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/NC.2018.130203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49494134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article aims to explore citizens’ perceptual patterns underlying the public’s view of the German energy transition. By reducing the complexity of the public’s views to its main dimensions, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of citizens’ reactions to transition projects such as the German energy transition. This research is based on a German-wide representative survey that included items covering different aspects concerning the acceptance of energy technologies (trust in key actors, fairness, perceived risks and benefits, etc.). In order to explore citizens’ perceptual patterns of the German energy transition, we drew on the method of categorical principal component analysis. On the basis of our results, we hypothesize that risk-benefit/acceptance and trust/fairness are two main latent dimensions underlying citizens’ perception of the energy transition.
{"title":"Disclosing Citizens’ Perceptual Patterns of the Transition to Renewable Energy in Germany","authors":"Marco Sonnberger, Michael Ruddat","doi":"10.3167/NC.2018.130204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/NC.2018.130204","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to explore citizens’ perceptual patterns underlying\u0000the public’s view of the German energy transition. By reducing the complexity\u0000of the public’s views to its main dimensions, the article contributes to a\u0000deeper understanding of citizens’ reactions to transition projects such as the\u0000German energy transition. This research is based on a German-wide representative\u0000survey that included items covering different aspects concerning\u0000the acceptance of energy technologies (trust in key actors, fairness, perceived\u0000risks and benefits, etc.). In order to explore citizens’ perceptual patterns of\u0000the German energy transition, we drew on the method of categorical principal\u0000component analysis. On the basis of our results, we hypothesize that\u0000risk-benefit/acceptance and trust/fairness are two main latent dimensions\u0000underlying citizens’ perception of the energy transition.","PeriodicalId":46069,"journal":{"name":"Nature + Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/NC.2018.130204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69583518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethnographers studying the local dimensions of climate change find themselves confronted with a methodological problem: climate change is both an abstract concept and a locally present phenomenon, yet it does not emerge from lived experience. We tackle this problem by means of a research framework that combines discussions on place and Tim Ingold’s (2011) idea of a meshwork. This article is based on research on climate change perceptions in two Alpine communities, located in Bavaria (Germany) and South Tyrol (Italy), respectively. We show how a focus on climate knots and their meshworks allows the grasping, describing, and visualizing of the different dimensions of climate change in these two local settings. This framework, as we further show, helps to reveal social and cultural patterns and underlying structures.
{"title":"Meshworks and the Making of Climate Places in the European Alps","authors":"Sophie Elixhauser, Stefan Böschen, Katrin Vogel","doi":"10.3167/NC.2018.130205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/NC.2018.130205","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnographers studying the local dimensions of climate change find\u0000themselves confronted with a methodological problem: climate change is\u0000both an abstract concept and a locally present phenomenon, yet it does\u0000not emerge from lived experience. We tackle this problem by means of a\u0000research framework that combines discussions on place and Tim Ingold’s\u0000(2011) idea of a meshwork. This article is based on research on climate\u0000change perceptions\u0000in two Alpine communities, located in Bavaria (Germany)\u0000and South Tyrol (Italy), respectively. We show how a focus on climate knots\u0000and their meshworks allows the grasping, describing, and visualizing of the\u0000different dimensions of climate change in these two local settings. This framework,\u0000as we further show, helps to reveal social and cultural patterns and\u0000underlying structures.","PeriodicalId":46069,"journal":{"name":"Nature + Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/NC.2018.130205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41854657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines cross-cultural differences in the value cluster of environmentalism and postmaterialism. Based on an extension of Ronald Inglehart’s “objective problems–subjective values” hypothesis, we posit different sources of postmaterialism and environmental concern in wealthy versus poor countries. We test hypotheses on the relationship between national wealth, postmaterialist values, and environmental concern using empirical data from the World Values Survey waves 5 and 6 and the International Social Survey Program 2010. Using multilevel regression models with cross-level interaction terms and country fixed effects, we show that the effect of postmaterialism on environmental concern is indeed moderated by national wealth: whereas there is a weak or even no effect in poorer countries, the relationship is substantial in wealthy countries. Therefore, we argue that individual postmaterialist values and environmental concern do in fact form a coherent structure in wealthy countries, but should be considered as isolated constructs in poorer countries.
{"title":"Two Worlds of Environmentalism?","authors":"Jochen Mayerl, H. Best","doi":"10.3167/NC.2018.130202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/NC.2018.130202","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines cross-cultural differences in the value cluster\u0000of environmentalism and postmaterialism. Based on an extension of Ronald\u0000Inglehart’s “objective problems–subjective values” hypothesis, we posit\u0000different sources of postmaterialism and environmental concern in wealthy\u0000versus poor countries. We test hypotheses on the relationship between\u0000national wealth, postmaterialist values, and environmental concern using\u0000empirical data from the World Values Survey waves 5 and 6 and the International\u0000Social Survey Program 2010. Using multilevel regression models with\u0000cross-level interaction terms and country fixed effects, we show that the\u0000effect of postmaterialism on environmental concern is indeed moderated by\u0000national wealth: whereas there is a weak or even no effect in poorer countries,\u0000the relationship is substantial in wealthy countries. Therefore, we argue\u0000that individual postmaterialist values and environmental concern do in fact\u0000form a coherent structure in wealthy countries, but should be considered as\u0000isolated constructs in poorer countries.","PeriodicalId":46069,"journal":{"name":"Nature + Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/NC.2018.130202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46015200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, I explore conceptual strategies encouraging an ecologically responsive, water-centric approach to architectural design, such that design interventions become nature/culture hybrids connecting urban dwellers to larger hydrological conditions. I consider the notion of horizons as one mechanism for working out a trajectory for sustainable architecture, one that highlights experiential and environmental concerns simultaneously. In a conceptual shift, theorist David Leatherbarrow’s treatment of “three architectural horizons” (the equipmental—the objects of one’s immediate setting; the practical—the enclosure of a building; and the environmental— what lies beyond) are reshuffled: the practical expands to the watershed (the bioregion as common dwelling place) while environmental processes couple with the equipment of buildings, such that architectures deliver net positive watershed impact.
{"title":"New Horizons for Sustainable Architecture","authors":"B. Muller","doi":"10.3167/NC.2018.130201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/NC.2018.130201","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I explore conceptual strategies encouraging an ecologically\u0000responsive, water-centric approach to architectural design, such\u0000that design interventions become nature/culture hybrids connecting urban\u0000dwellers to larger hydrological conditions. I consider the notion of horizons\u0000as one mechanism for working out a trajectory for sustainable architecture,\u0000one that highlights experiential and environmental concerns simultaneously.\u0000In a conceptual shift, theorist David Leatherbarrow’s treatment of “three\u0000architectural horizons” (the equipmental—the objects of one’s immediate\u0000setting; the practical—the enclosure of a building; and the environmental—\u0000what lies beyond) are reshuffled: the practical expands to the watershed (the\u0000bioregion as common dwelling place) while environmental processes couple\u0000with the equipment of buildings, such that architectures deliver net positive\u0000watershed impact.","PeriodicalId":46069,"journal":{"name":"Nature + Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/NC.2018.130201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43213255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Incredible Edible Movement: People Power, Adaptation, and Challenges in Rennes (France) and Montreal (Canada)","authors":"G. Giacché, L. Porto","doi":"10.3167/NC.2018.130105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/NC.2018.130105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46069,"journal":{"name":"Nature + Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/NC.2018.130105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44332058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Moschitz, J. Landert, C. Schader, Rebekka Frick
Urban agriculture is embedded in an urban food system, and its full potential can only be understood by looking into the dynamics of the system. Involving a variety of actors from civil society, policy, and the market, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the food system of the city of Basel, Switzerland, including policy and actor analysis, analysis of perceptions on urban agriculture, food flow analysis, and a sustainability assessment. The article presents the results of these analyses and discusses how research can contribute to the societal debate on food systems transformation. We particularly reflect on how the research project became a boundary object in a dynamic process to develop new ideas and activities, as well as to create a space for future debates in the city’s food system.
{"title":"From Urban Agriculture to Urban Food: A Food System Analysis Based on Interaction Between Research, Policy, and Society","authors":"H. Moschitz, J. Landert, C. Schader, Rebekka Frick","doi":"10.3167/NC.2018.130106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/NC.2018.130106","url":null,"abstract":"Urban agriculture is embedded in an urban food system, and its full potential can only be understood by looking into the dynamics of the system. \u0000Involving a variety of actors from civil society, policy, and the market, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the food system of the city of Basel, Switzerland, including policy and actor analysis, analysis of perceptions on urban agriculture, food flow analysis, and a sustainability assessment. The article presents the results of these analyses and discusses how research can contribute to the societal debate on food systems transformation. We particularly reflect on how the research project became a boundary object in a dynamic process to develop new ideas and activities, as well as to create a space for future debates in the city’s food system.","PeriodicalId":46069,"journal":{"name":"Nature + Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/NC.2018.130106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49206884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Modus Operandi of Urban Agriculture Initiatives: Toward a Conceptual Framework","authors":"C. Prové, D. Kemper, S. Loudiyi","doi":"10.3167/NC.2018.130102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/NC.2018.130102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46069,"journal":{"name":"Nature + Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/NC.2018.130102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42050674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marian Simón‐Rojo, Inés Morales Bernardos, J. S. Landaluze
{"title":"Food Movements Oscillating Between Autonomy and Co-Production of Public Policies in the City of Madrid","authors":"Marian Simón‐Rojo, Inés Morales Bernardos, J. S. Landaluze","doi":"10.3167/NC.2018.130103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/NC.2018.130103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46069,"journal":{"name":"Nature + Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/NC.2018.130103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42530379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tóth, B. Duží, J. Vávra, J. Supuka, Mária Bihunová, D. Halajová, Stanislav Martinát, E. Nováková
Allotment gardens have played a significant role in Czech and Slovak society for decades, building upon a rich history of gardening. This article elaborates on Czech and Slovak allotments in the European context and identifies their core functions, services, and benefits. We provide a thorough historical review of allotments in this region, reaching back to the eighteenth century to trace significant periods and historic events that shaped society in general and urban gardening in particular. We analyze the development of allotments until and after 1989 and illustrate key aspects of their present situation using case studies and examples. The article provides a complex historical narrative as a good basis for discussions on contemporary trends, challenges, and visions for the future of urban allotment gardening in both countries.
{"title":"Changing Patterns of Allotment Gardening in the Czech Republic and Slovakia","authors":"A. Tóth, B. Duží, J. Vávra, J. Supuka, Mária Bihunová, D. Halajová, Stanislav Martinát, E. Nováková","doi":"10.3167/NC.2018.130108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/NC.2018.130108","url":null,"abstract":"Allotment gardens have played a significant role in Czech and Slovak society for decades, building upon a rich \u0000history of gardening. This article elaborates on Czech and Slovak allotments in the European context and \u0000identifies their core functions, services, and benefits. We provide a thorough historical review of allotments \u0000in this region, reaching back to the eighteenth century to trace significant periods and historic events that \u0000shaped society in general and urban gardening in particular. We analyze the development of allotments until \u0000and after 1989 and illustrate key aspects of their present situation using case studies and examples. The article \u0000provides a complex historical narrative as a good basis for discussions on contemporary trends, challenges, \u0000and visions for the future of urban allotment gardening in both countries.","PeriodicalId":46069,"journal":{"name":"Nature + Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/NC.2018.130108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47758011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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