Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2023-4-257
Wenbo Cui, Li Jinling, Tao Zhang, Sibo Zhang
In this study, we propose a recognition method of measuring literature topic evolution paths based on K-means-NMF in order to address problems such as the unobvious effect of topic clustering, high degree of mixing in clustering results, and unclear topic evolution paths that exist in the current research of topic evolution analysis. Firstly, we enhance the traditional NMF (Nonnegative Matrix Factorization) topic model by combining the K-means clustering algorithm with the NMF model to improve the accuracy of topic clustering and reduce the correlation among topics. Secondly, we perform the topic co-occurrence analysis based on the clustering results to identify important topic categories for recognizing critical evolution paths to solve the problem of multiple possible evolution paths in the experiment. Thirdly, we adopt the Word2Vec model to calculate topic word vectors in a semantic context to improve the accuracy of the correlation strength between topics at adjacent stages. Finally, we adopt the above method to conduct an empirical study using intelligent algorithms as an example. The experimental results show that this research method effectively identifies important topics and topic developments in the subject area, which can support scientific research and science and technology policy development.
{"title":"A Recognition Method of Measuring Literature Topic Evolution Paths Based on K-means-NMF","authors":"Wenbo Cui, Li Jinling, Tao Zhang, Sibo Zhang","doi":"10.5771/0943-7444-2023-4-257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2023-4-257","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we propose a recognition method of measuring literature topic evolution paths based on K-means-NMF in order to address problems such as the unobvious effect of topic clustering, high degree of mixing in clustering results, and unclear topic evolution paths that exist in the current research of topic evolution analysis. Firstly, we enhance the traditional NMF (Nonnegative Matrix Factorization) topic model by combining the K-means clustering algorithm with the NMF model to improve the accuracy of topic clustering and reduce the correlation among topics. Secondly, we perform the topic co-occurrence analysis based on the clustering results to identify important topic categories for recognizing critical evolution paths to solve the problem of multiple possible evolution paths in the experiment. Thirdly, we adopt the Word2Vec model to calculate topic word vectors in a semantic context to improve the accuracy of the correlation strength between topics at adjacent stages. Finally, we adopt the above method to conduct an empirical study using intelligent algorithms as an example. The experimental results show that this research method effectively identifies important topics and topic developments in the subject area, which can support scientific research and science and technology policy development.","PeriodicalId":46091,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge Organization","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136004461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2023-5-336
José Augusto Bagatini, José Augusto Chaves Guimarães
Personal data play a fundamental role in contemporary socioeconomic dynamics, with one of its primary aspects being the potential to facilitate discriminatory situations. This situation impacts the knowledge organization field especially because it considers personal data as elements (facets) to categorize persons under an economic and sometimes discriminatory perspective. The research corpus was collected at Scopus and Web of Science until the end of 2021, under the terms “data discrimination”, “algorithmic bias”, “algorithmic discrimination” and “fair algorithms”. The obtained results allowed to infer that the analyzed knowledge domain predominantly incorporates personal data, whether in its behavioral dimension or in the scope of the so-called sensitive data. These data are susceptible to the action of algorithms of different orders, such as relevance, filtering, predictive, social ranking, content recommendation and random classification. Such algorithms can have discriminatory biases in their programming related to gender, sexual orientation, race, nationality, religion, age, social class, socioeconomic profile, physical appearance, and political positioning.
个人数据在当代社会经济动态中发挥着重要作用，其主要方面之一是可能助长歧视情况。这种情况影响了知识组织领域，特别是因为它将个人数据视为从经济角度(有时是歧视性角度)对人进行分类的要素(方面)。研究语料库在Scopus和Web of Science上收集到2021年底，分类为“数据歧视”、“算法偏见”、“算法歧视”和“公平算法”。获得的结果可以推断，所分析的知识领域主要包含个人数据，无论是在其行为维度还是在所谓的敏感数据范围内。这些数据容易受到不同顺序算法的作用，如相关性、过滤、预测性、社会排名、内容推荐和随机分类。这种算法在编程中可能存在与性别、性取向、种族、国籍、宗教、年龄、社会阶层、社会经济状况、外貌和政治定位相关的歧视性偏见。
{"title":"Algorithmic Discriminations and Their Ethical Impacts on Knowledge Organization: A Thematic Domain-Analysis","authors":"José Augusto Bagatini, José Augusto Chaves Guimarães","doi":"10.5771/0943-7444-2023-5-336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2023-5-336","url":null,"abstract":"Personal data play a fundamental role in contemporary socioeconomic dynamics, with one of its primary aspects being the potential to facilitate discriminatory situations. This situation impacts the knowledge organization field especially because it considers personal data as elements (facets) to categorize persons under an economic and sometimes discriminatory perspective. The research corpus was collected at Scopus and Web of Science until the end of 2021, under the terms “data discrimination”, “algorithmic bias”, “algorithmic discrimination” and “fair algorithms”. The obtained results allowed to infer that the analyzed knowledge domain predominantly incorporates personal data, whether in its behavioral dimension or in the scope of the so-called sensitive data. These data are susceptible to the action of algorithms of different orders, such as relevance, filtering, predictive, social ranking, content recommendation and random classification. Such algorithms can have discriminatory biases in their programming related to gender, sexual orientation, race, nationality, religion, age, social class, socioeconomic profile, physical appearance, and political positioning.","PeriodicalId":46091,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge Organization","volume":"9 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135506904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2023-5-359
Marcilio de Brito
This text proposes a multidisciplinary reflection on the subject of ethics, based on philosophical approaches, using Spinoza’s work, Ethics, as a foundation. The power of Spinoza’s geometric reasoning and deterministic logic, compatible with formal grammars and programming languages, provides a favorable framework for this purpose. In an information society characterized by an abundance of data and a diversity of perspectives, complex thinking is an essential tool for developing an ethical construct that can deal with the uncertainty and contradictions in the field. Acknowledging the natural complexity of ethics in interpersonal relationships, the use of AI techniques appears unavoidable. Artificial intelligence in KOS offers the potential for processing complex questions through the formal modeling of concepts in ethical discourse. By formalizing problems, we hope to unleash the potential of ethical analysis; by addressing complexity analysis, we propose a mechanism for understanding problems and empowering solutions.
{"title":"Social Affects Engineering and Ethics","authors":"Marcilio de Brito","doi":"10.5771/0943-7444-2023-5-359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2023-5-359","url":null,"abstract":"This text proposes a multidisciplinary reflection on the subject of ethics, based on philosophical approaches, using Spinoza’s work, Ethics, as a foundation. The power of Spinoza’s geometric reasoning and deterministic logic, compatible with formal grammars and programming languages, provides a favorable framework for this purpose. In an information society characterized by an abundance of data and a diversity of perspectives, complex thinking is an essential tool for developing an ethical construct that can deal with the uncertainty and contradictions in the field. Acknowledging the natural complexity of ethics in interpersonal relationships, the use of AI techniques appears unavoidable. Artificial intelligence in KOS offers the potential for processing complex questions through the formal modeling of concepts in ethical discourse. By formalizing problems, we hope to unleash the potential of ethical analysis; by addressing complexity analysis, we propose a mechanism for understanding problems and empowering solutions.","PeriodicalId":46091,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge Organization","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135507770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2023-2-99
Yejun Wu
This research investigates how comprehensive classifications and home-grown classifications organize complex topics. Two comprehensive classifications and two home-grown taxonomies are used to examine two complex topics: disaster and security. The two comprehensive classifications are the Library of Congress Classification and the Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries. The two home-grown taxonomies are AIRS 211 LA County Taxonomy of Human Services – Disaster Services, and the Human Security Taxonomy. It is found that a comprehensive classification may provide many subclasses of a complex topic, which are scattered in various classes. Occasionally the classification scheme may provide several small taxonomies that organize the terms of a subclass of the complex topic that are pulled from multiple classes. However, the comprehensive classification provides no organization of the major subclasses of the complex topic. The lack of organization of the major subclasses of the complex topic may prevent users from understanding the complex topic systematically, and so preventing them from selecting an appropriate classification term for the complex topic. Ideally a comprehensive classification should provide a high-level conceptual framework for the complex topic, or at least organize the major subclasses in a way that help users understand the complex topic systematically.
{"title":"Organization of Complex Topics in Comprehensive Classification Schemes: Case Studies of Disaster and Security","authors":"Yejun Wu","doi":"10.5771/0943-7444-2023-2-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2023-2-99","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates how comprehensive classifications and home-grown classifications organize complex topics. Two comprehensive classifications and two home-grown taxonomies are used to examine two complex topics: disaster and security. The two comprehensive classifications are the Library of Congress Classification and the Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries. The two home-grown taxonomies are AIRS 211 LA County Taxonomy of Human Services – Disaster Services, and the Human Security Taxonomy. It is found that a comprehensive classification may provide many subclasses of a complex topic, which are scattered in various classes. Occasionally the classification scheme may provide several small taxonomies that organize the terms of a subclass of the complex topic that are pulled from multiple classes. However, the comprehensive classification provides no organization of the major subclasses of the complex topic. The lack of organization of the major subclasses of the complex topic may prevent users from understanding the complex topic systematically, and so preventing them from selecting an appropriate classification term for the complex topic. Ideally a comprehensive classification should provide a high-level conceptual framework for the complex topic, or at least organize the major subclasses in a way that help users understand the complex topic systematically.","PeriodicalId":46091,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge Organization","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70902047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2023-4-301
Birger Hjørland
Section 1 of this article discusses the concept of bibliographical control and makes a distinction between this term, “bibliographical description,” and related terms, which are often confused in the literature. It further discusses the function of bibliographical control and criticizes Patrick Wilson’s distinction between “exploitative control” and “descriptive control.” Section 2 presents projects for establishing bibliographic control from the Library of Alexandria to the Internet and Google, and it is found that these projects have often been dominated by a positivist dream to make all information in the world available to everybody. Section 3 discusses the theoretical problems of providing comprehensive coverage and retrieving documents represented in databases and argues that 100% coverage and retrievability is an unobtainable ideal. It is shown that bibliographical control has been taken very seriously in the field of medicine, where knowledge of the most important findings is of utmost importance. In principle, it is equally important in all other domains. The conclusion states that the alternative to a positivist dream of complete bibliographic control is a pragmatic philosophy aiming at optimizing bibliographic control supporting specific activities, perspectives, and interests.
{"title":"Bibliographical Control","authors":"Birger Hjørland","doi":"10.5771/0943-7444-2023-4-301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2023-4-301","url":null,"abstract":"Section 1 of this article discusses the concept of bibliographical control and makes a distinction between this term, “bibliographical description,” and related terms, which are often confused in the literature. It further discusses the function of bibliographical control and criticizes Patrick Wilson’s distinction between “exploitative control” and “descriptive control.” Section 2 presents projects for establishing bibliographic control from the Library of Alexandria to the Internet and Google, and it is found that these projects have often been dominated by a positivist dream to make all information in the world available to everybody. Section 3 discusses the theoretical problems of providing comprehensive coverage and retrieving documents represented in databases and argues that 100% coverage and retrievability is an unobtainable ideal. It is shown that bibliographical control has been taken very seriously in the field of medicine, where knowledge of the most important findings is of utmost importance. In principle, it is equally important in all other domains. The conclusion states that the alternative to a positivist dream of complete bibliographic control is a pragmatic philosophy aiming at optimizing bibliographic control supporting specific activities, perspectives, and interests.","PeriodicalId":46091,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge Organization","volume":"05 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136004459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2023-1-47
Birger Hjørland
This article presents a brief history of the term “information” and its different meanings, which are both important and difficult because the different meanings of the term imply whole theories of knowledge. The article further considers the relation between “information” and the concepts “matter and energy”, “data”, “sign and meaning”, “knowledge” and “communication”. It presents and analyses the influence of information in information studies and knowledge organization and contains a presentation and critical analysis of some compound terms such as “information need”, “information overload” and “information retrieval”, which illuminate the use of the term information in information studies. An appendix provides a chronological list of definitions of information.
{"title":"Information","authors":"Birger Hjørland","doi":"10.5771/0943-7444-2023-1-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2023-1-47","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a brief history of the term “information” and its different meanings, which are both important and difficult because the different meanings of the term imply whole theories of knowledge. The article further considers the relation between “information” and the concepts “matter and energy”, “data”, “sign and meaning”, “knowledge” and “communication”. It presents and analyses the influence of information in information studies and knowledge organization and contains a presentation and critical analysis of some compound terms such as “information need”, “information overload” and “information retrieval”, which illuminate the use of the term information in information studies. An appendix provides a chronological list of definitions of information.","PeriodicalId":46091,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge Organization","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70902305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2023-3-157
Olivia Pestana, Thiago Henrique Bragato Barros, David Haynes, Gercina Ângela de Lima
{"title":"Education and Training for Knowledge Organization: Introduction to this Special Issue","authors":"Olivia Pestana, Thiago Henrique Bragato Barros, David Haynes, Gercina Ângela de Lima","doi":"10.5771/0943-7444-2023-3-157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2023-3-157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46091,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge Organization","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135550123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2023-3-214
Benildes Coura Moreira dos Santos Maculan
Training in knowledge organization (KO) involves an understanding of theories for the construction, maintenance, use, and evaluation of logical documentary languages. Teaching these KO concepts in LIS programs are related basically to accessing documents and retrieving their intellectual content. This study focuses on access to documents and exploring the ethical theme in all its dimensions as applied to the teaching of an undergraduate discipline as part of a Bachelor of Library Science degree offered at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). As a methodology, a Project-based Pedagogy strategy is used in the teaching of a discipline called “Classification Systems: UDC” for students to classify a documentary resource from a collection on ethics. The teaching of bibliographic classification requires students to learn how to use the mechanisms available to form a notation as well as to use a syntax schema (tables) appropriately. Students also learn to determine a place for the document in the collection, considering the knowledge represented in the collection as a whole. Altogether, such a practice can help students to understand the theory underlying a classification system. The results show that the students were able to understand the basic concepts of knowledge organization. The students were also able to observe that the elements of the different tables of a classification tool are essential mechanisms for the organization of knowledge in other contexts, especially for specific purposes.
{"title":"The Universal Decimal Classification in the Organization of Knowledge: Representing the Concept of Ethics","authors":"Benildes Coura Moreira dos Santos Maculan","doi":"10.5771/0943-7444-2023-3-214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2023-3-214","url":null,"abstract":"Training in knowledge organization (KO) involves an understanding of theories for the construction, maintenance, use, and evaluation of logical documentary languages. Teaching these KO concepts in LIS programs are related basically to accessing documents and retrieving their intellectual content. This study focuses on access to documents and exploring the ethical theme in all its dimensions as applied to the teaching of an undergraduate discipline as part of a Bachelor of Library Science degree offered at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). As a methodology, a Project-based Pedagogy strategy is used in the teaching of a discipline called “Classification Systems: UDC” for students to classify a documentary resource from a collection on ethics. The teaching of bibliographic classification requires students to learn how to use the mechanisms available to form a notation as well as to use a syntax schema (tables) appropriately. Students also learn to determine a place for the document in the collection, considering the knowledge represented in the collection as a whole. Altogether, such a practice can help students to understand the theory underlying a classification system. The results show that the students were able to understand the basic concepts of knowledge organization. The students were also able to observe that the elements of the different tables of a classification tool are essential mechanisms for the organization of knowledge in other contexts, especially for specific purposes.","PeriodicalId":46091,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge Organization","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135550124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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