Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2023-4-290
Birger Hjørland
In this third part of the trilogy about “science,” Section 6 presents further developments in conceptualizing science. It has been claimed that science has recently changed in profound ways, and the concept of “epochal breaks” has been used about these developments. The article presents and discusses many of these new concepts, including “triple helix,” “post-academic science,” “mode 2 research”, “technoscience,” “postmodern science,” “citizen science,” and the little older “big science.” It is hard to form a clear conclusion about these developments, but most of these conceptions seem based on the increasing commercialization of science. In a way, this is connected to the pragmatic philosophy of science but seems to have failed to address how science can continue to penetrate ever deeper to understand the world and not just reflect the more immediate social and commercial interests. Section 7 is the general conclusion of the trilogy. It states that the many pieces of fragmented knowledge about science from many different fields and perspectives must work together in a much more integrated way. Concerning information science, knowledge organization, and related fields, these fields need to understand themselves as a member of the science studies in its broad meaning. All activities concerning science must realize the socio-cultural and paradigmatic conflicts involved in such activities, from producing over mediating (retrieving, publishing, digitalizing, curating, translating, organizing, teaching, etc.) to use.
{"title":"Science, Part III: Further Developments in the Concept of Science","authors":"Birger Hjørland","doi":"10.5771/0943-7444-2023-4-290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2023-4-290","url":null,"abstract":"In this third part of the trilogy about “science,” Section 6 presents further developments in conceptualizing science. It has been claimed that science has recently changed in profound ways, and the concept of “epochal breaks” has been used about these developments. The article presents and discusses many of these new concepts, including “triple helix,” “post-academic science,” “mode 2 research”, “technoscience,” “postmodern science,” “citizen science,” and the little older “big science.” It is hard to form a clear conclusion about these developments, but most of these conceptions seem based on the increasing commercialization of science. In a way, this is connected to the pragmatic philosophy of science but seems to have failed to address how science can continue to penetrate ever deeper to understand the world and not just reflect the more immediate social and commercial interests. Section 7 is the general conclusion of the trilogy. It states that the many pieces of fragmented knowledge about science from many different fields and perspectives must work together in a much more integrated way. Concerning information science, knowledge organization, and related fields, these fields need to understand themselves as a member of the science studies in its broad meaning. All activities concerning science must realize the socio-cultural and paradigmatic conflicts involved in such activities, from producing over mediating (retrieving, publishing, digitalizing, curating, translating, organizing, teaching, etc.) to use.","PeriodicalId":46091,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge Organization","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135959559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2023-5-369
Quoc-Tan Tran
The paper examines the integration of born-digital and digitized content into an outdated classification system within the Museum of European Cultures in Berlin. It underscores the predicament encountered by smaller to medium-sized cultural institutions as they navigate between adhering to established knowledge management systems and preserving an expanding array of contemporary cultural artifacts. The perspective of infrastructure studies is employed to scrutinize the representation of diverse viewpoints and voices within the museum’s collections. The study delves into museum personnel’s challenges in cataloging and classifying ethnographic objects utilizing a numerical-alphabetical categorization scheme from the 1930s. It presents an analysis of the limitations inherent in this method, along with its implications for the assimilation of emerging forms of born-digital and digitized objects. Through an exploration of the case of category 74, as observed at the Museum of European Cultures, the study illustrates the complexities of replacing pre-existing systems due to their intricate integration into the socio-technical components of the museum’s information infrastructure. The paper reflects on how resource-constrained cultural institutions can take a proactive and ethical approach to knowledge management, re-evaluating their knowledge infrastructure to promote inclusion and ensure adaptability.
{"title":"Standardization and the Neglect of Museum Objects: An Infrastructure-Based Approach for Inclusive Integration of Cultural Artifacts","authors":"Quoc-Tan Tran","doi":"10.5771/0943-7444-2023-5-369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2023-5-369","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the integration of born-digital and digitized content into an outdated classification system within the Museum of European Cultures in Berlin. It underscores the predicament encountered by smaller to medium-sized cultural institutions as they navigate between adhering to established knowledge management systems and preserving an expanding array of contemporary cultural artifacts. The perspective of infrastructure studies is employed to scrutinize the representation of diverse viewpoints and voices within the museum’s collections. The study delves into museum personnel’s challenges in cataloging and classifying ethnographic objects utilizing a numerical-alphabetical categorization scheme from the 1930s. It presents an analysis of the limitations inherent in this method, along with its implications for the assimilation of emerging forms of born-digital and digitized objects. Through an exploration of the case of category 74, as observed at the Museum of European Cultures, the study illustrates the complexities of replacing pre-existing systems due to their intricate integration into the socio-technical components of the museum’s information infrastructure. The paper reflects on how resource-constrained cultural institutions can take a proactive and ethical approach to knowledge management, re-evaluating their knowledge infrastructure to promote inclusion and ensure adaptability.","PeriodicalId":46091,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge Organization","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135507475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2022-1-40
Michael K. Bergman
Hierarchies abound to help us organize our world. A hierarchy places items into a general order, where more ‘general’ is also more ‘abstract’. The etymology of hierarchy is grounded in notions of religious and social rank. This article, after a historical review, focuses on knowledge systems, an interloper of the term hierarchy since at least the 1800s. Hierarchies in knowledge systems include taxonomies, classification systems, or thesauri in information science, and systems for representing information and knowledge to computers, notably ontologies and knowledge representation languages. Hierarchies are the logical underpinning of inference and reasoning in these systems, as well as the scaffolding for classification and inheritance. Hierarchies in knowledge systems express subsumption relations that have flexible variants, which we can represent algorithmically, and thus computationally. This article dissects that variability, leading to a proposed typology of hierarchies useful to knowledge systems. The article argues through a perspective informed by Charles Peirce that natural hierarchies are real, can be logically determined, and are the appropriate basis for knowledge systems. Description logics and semantic language standards reflect this perspective, importantly through their open-world logic and vocabularies for generalized subsumption hierarchies. Recent research suggests possible mechanisms for the emergence of natural hierarchies.
{"title":"Hierarchy in Knowledge Systems","authors":"Michael K. Bergman","doi":"10.5771/0943-7444-2022-1-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2022-1-40","url":null,"abstract":"Hierarchies abound to help us organize our world. A hierarchy places items into a general order, where more ‘general’ is also more ‘abstract’. The etymology of hierarchy is grounded in notions of religious and social rank. This article, after a historical review, focuses on knowledge systems, an interloper of the term hierarchy since at least the 1800s. Hierarchies in knowledge systems include taxonomies, classification systems, or thesauri in information science, and systems for representing information and knowledge to computers, notably ontologies and knowledge representation languages. Hierarchies are the logical underpinning of inference and reasoning in these systems, as well as the scaffolding for classification and inheritance. Hierarchies in knowledge systems express subsumption relations that have flexible variants, which we can represent algorithmically, and thus computationally. This article dissects that variability, leading to a proposed typology of hierarchies useful to knowledge systems. The article argues through a perspective informed by Charles Peirce that natural hierarchies are real, can be logically determined, and are the appropriate basis for knowledge systems. Description logics and semantic language standards reflect this perspective, importantly through their open-world logic and vocabularies for generalized subsumption hierarchies. Recent research suggests possible mechanisms for the emergence of natural hierarchies.","PeriodicalId":46091,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge Organization","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70900700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2022-8-577
Casper Hvenegaard Rasmussen, Birger Hjørland
Libraries, archives, and museums (LAM) have existed since Antiquity in many different sizes and forms, and these institutions are not always easy to define and to separate from each other. Since the turn of the millennium, LAM has frequently been used as an acronym for these institutions, indicating an increasing interest to consider them together, partly motivated by a perceived ongoing convergence between them. This article describes and discusses this issue from ancient times to the present with the focus on convergence and conceptual issues, with emphasis on the practices, debates, and research over the two last decades. Distribution of documents via the Internet has been a catalyst for renewed interest in the relations between the LAMs, where increased use of digital resources is claimed to blur the traditional borders between the institutions (labelled “digital convergence”). In the first decade after the millennium, the research agenda was marked by a limited focus on digital point of access portals for cultural heritage. Thereafter, the research agenda broadened. In addition to digital convergence, other kinds of convergence are a nascent topic for research, focusing on physical mergers, collaboration, shared professional practice, proximity in government agencies and an increasing dependency on common external trends, etc. LAM has also increasingly been the name for new educational programs and university departments, thus pointing towards LAM as a concept used about an emerging discipline or interdisciplinary field. There have formerly been attempts to construe a research field, which include these three kinds of institutions, and the notion LAM is more extended term than the study of these institutions, because each of them has developed research fields with a broader focus.
{"title":"Libraries, Archives and Museums (LAMs): Conceptual Issues with Focus on Their Convergence","authors":"Casper Hvenegaard Rasmussen, Birger Hjørland","doi":"10.5771/0943-7444-2022-8-577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2022-8-577","url":null,"abstract":"Libraries, archives, and museums (LAM) have existed since Antiquity in many different sizes and forms, and these institutions are not always easy to define and to separate from each other. Since the turn of the millennium, LAM has frequently been used as an acronym for these institutions, indicating an increasing interest to consider them together, partly motivated by a perceived ongoing convergence between them. This article describes and discusses this issue from ancient times to the present with the focus on convergence and conceptual issues, with emphasis on the practices, debates, and research over the two last decades. Distribution of documents via the Internet has been a catalyst for renewed interest in the relations between the LAMs, where increased use of digital resources is claimed to blur the traditional borders between the institutions (labelled “digital convergence”). In the first decade after the millennium, the research agenda was marked by a limited focus on digital point of access portals for cultural heritage. Thereafter, the research agenda broadened. In addition to digital convergence, other kinds of convergence are a nascent topic for research, focusing on physical mergers, collaboration, shared professional practice, proximity in government agencies and an increasing dependency on common external trends, etc. LAM has also increasingly been the name for new educational programs and university departments, thus pointing towards LAM as a concept used about an emerging discipline or interdisciplinary field. There have formerly been attempts to construe a research field, which include these three kinds of institutions, and the notion LAM is more extended term than the study of these institutions, because each of them has developed research fields with a broader focus.","PeriodicalId":46091,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge Organization","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70901531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2022-5-329
L. Macedo, Carlos Guardado da Silva, Maria Cristina Vieira de Freitas
This paper aims to perform a qualitative synthesis of literature concerning the representation of information in displaced archives. Methodologically, this communication is configured in a metasynthesis oriented to theory building, constituting a non-reactive, documentary-based and exploratory type of study, focused on articles and books chapters published in English between 1954 and 2019. The collection of texts is supported by the SPICE strategy, applied to the search in databases (WoS and EBSCO). We adopted content analysis according to the assumptions of Charmaz and Finfgeld-Connett. Of the 443 records, 155 texts that responded to the research purposes were included. Three themes emerged from the content analysis around the aforementioned theme with a view to theory building: “anarchivism as (non-) representation”, “archive of the archive”, and “archival canon”. Finally, displaced archives constitute an emerging theme in several domains, so it is important to explore the complex nature of this phenomenon from the point of view of representation and knowledge organization.
{"title":"Information Representation in Displaced Archives: A Meta-Synthesis","authors":"L. Macedo, Carlos Guardado da Silva, Maria Cristina Vieira de Freitas","doi":"10.5771/0943-7444-2022-5-329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2022-5-329","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to perform a qualitative synthesis of literature concerning the representation of information in displaced archives. Methodologically, this communication is configured in a metasynthesis oriented to theory building, constituting a non-reactive, documentary-based and exploratory type of study, focused on articles and books chapters published in English between 1954 and 2019. The collection of texts is supported by the SPICE strategy, applied to the search in databases (WoS and EBSCO). We adopted content analysis according to the assumptions of Charmaz and Finfgeld-Connett. Of the 443 records, 155 texts that responded to the research purposes were included. Three themes emerged from the content analysis around the aforementioned theme with a view to theory building: “anarchivism as (non-) representation”, “archive of the archive”, and “archival canon”. Finally, displaced archives constitute an emerging theme in several domains, so it is important to explore the complex nature of this phenomenon from the point of view of representation and knowledge organization.","PeriodicalId":46091,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge Organization","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70901540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2022-6-435
M. Nabavi, Elmira Karimi
This research aimed to investigate the status of children-specific metadata elements in theory (existing literature) and practice (metadata standards and children’s digital libraries). Literature reviews as well as two cases, including children’s online national libraries of Iran, and Singapore, are used to identify children-specific metadata elements and their application. The results revealed that descriptive metadata types had been mentioned more than analytical, social, and relational types; the DCMI metadata standard, besides LOM and ALTO metadata standards, can be used to develop an application profile for children’s library catalogs. Two cases showed that they partially cover children-specific metadata elements, and neither has covered relational metadata elements. A deeper analysis of the children-specific metadata elements suggests that children’s catalogs should be semantic and social. The results of this study can be insightful for children’s book catalogers and children’s book publishers (for marketing purposes).
{"title":"Metadata Elements for Children in Theory and Practice","authors":"M. Nabavi, Elmira Karimi","doi":"10.5771/0943-7444-2022-6-435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2022-6-435","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to investigate the status of children-specific metadata elements in theory (existing literature) and practice (metadata standards and children’s digital libraries). Literature reviews as well as two cases, including children’s online national libraries of Iran, and Singapore, are used to identify children-specific metadata elements and their application. The results revealed that descriptive metadata types had been mentioned more than analytical, social, and relational types; the DCMI metadata standard, besides LOM and ALTO metadata standards, can be used to develop an application profile for children’s library catalogs. Two cases showed that they partially cover children-specific metadata elements, and neither has covered relational metadata elements. A deeper analysis of the children-specific metadata elements suggests that children’s catalogs should be semantic and social. The results of this study can be insightful for children’s book catalogers and children’s book publishers (for marketing purposes).","PeriodicalId":46091,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge Organization","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70901775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2022-4-273
Birger Hjørland
This second part of the trilogy0 about science, focus on the various fields studying science studies (“science studies”, “metasciences” or “sciences of science”). Section 4 focus on the major fields (philosophy of science, history of science and sociology of science) but it also includes the minor fields scientometrics, psychology of science, information science, terminology studies and genre studies. Section 5 is about the fields of scholarly communication and knowledge organization. The main idea is that all the presented fields are important allies to information science with knowledge organization, and that information science should understand itself as a kind of science studies.
{"title":"Science, Part II: The Study of Science","authors":"Birger Hjørland","doi":"10.5771/0943-7444-2022-4-273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2022-4-273","url":null,"abstract":"This second part of the trilogy0 about science, focus on the various fields studying science studies (“science studies”, “metasciences” or “sciences of science”). Section 4 focus on the major fields (philosophy of science, history of science and sociology of science) but it also includes the minor fields scientometrics, psychology of science, information science, terminology studies and genre studies. Section 5 is about the fields of scholarly communication and knowledge organization. The main idea is that all the presented fields are important allies to information science with knowledge organization, and that information science should understand itself as a kind of science studies.","PeriodicalId":46091,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge Organization","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70901244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2022-5-303
O. Alipour, Faramarz Soheili, A. Khasseh
The study’s objective is to analyze the structure of knowledge organization studies conducted worldwide. This applied research has been conducted with a scientometrics approach using the co-word analysis. The research records consisted of all articles published in the journals of Knowledge Organization and Cataloging & Classification Quarterly and keywords related to the field of knowledge organization indexed in Web of Science from 1900 to 2019, in which 17,950 records were analyzed entirely with plain text format. The total number of keywords was 25,480, which was reduced to 12,478 keywords after modifications and removal of duplicates. Then, 115 keywords with a frequency of at least 18 were included in the final analysis, and finally, the co-word network was drawn. BibExcel, UCINET, VOSviewer, and SPSS software were used to draw matrices, analyze co-word networks, and draw dendrograms. Furthermore, strategic diagrams were drawn using Excel software. The keywords “information retrieval,” “classification,” and “ontology” are among the most frequently used keywords in knowledge organization articles. Findings revealed that “Ontology*Semantic Web”, “Digital Library*Information Retrieval” and “Indexing*Information Retrieval” are highly frequent co-word pairs, respectively. The results of hierarchical clustering indicated that the global research on knowledge organization consists of eight main thematic clusters; the largest is specified for the topic of “classification, indexing, and information retrieval.” The smallest clusters deal with the topics of “data processing” and “theoretical concepts of information and knowledge organization” respectively. Cluster 1 (cataloging standards and knowledge organization) has the highest density, while Cluster 5 (classification, indexing, and information retrieval) has the highest centrality. According to the findings of this research, the keyword “information retrieval” has played a significant role in knowledge organization studies, both as a keyword and co-word pair. In the co-word section, there is a type of related or general topic relationship between co-word pairs. Results indicated that information retrieval is one of the main topics in knowledge organization, while the theoretical concepts of knowledge organization have been neglected. In general, the co-word structure of knowledge organization research indicates the multiplicity of global concepts and topics studied in this field globally.
本研究的目的是分析世界范围内知识组织研究的结构。本应用研究采用科学计量学方法，采用共词分析。研究记录包括1900 - 2019年在《知识组织》和《编目分类季刊》上发表的所有文章以及Web of Science检索的与知识组织领域相关的关键词，其中17,950条记录完全采用纯文本格式进行分析。关键词总数为25,480个，经过修改和删除重复项后减少到12,478个。然后，将频率至少为18的115个关键词纳入最终分析，最后绘制出共词网络。使用BibExcel、UCINET、VOSviewer和SPSS软件绘制矩阵，分析共词网络，绘制树形图。利用Excel软件绘制战略图。关键字“信息检索”、“分类”和“本体”是知识组织文章中最常用的关键字。结果表明，“本体*语义网”、“数字图书馆*信息检索”和“标引*信息检索”分别是高频共词对。层次聚类结果表明，全球知识组织研究主要由8个主题聚类组成;最大的是为“分类、索引和信息检索”主题指定的。最小的集群分别处理“数据处理”和“信息和知识组织的理论概念”的主题。聚类1(编目标准和知识组织)的密度最高，聚类5(分类、索引和信息检索)的中心性最高。本研究发现，关键词“信息检索”在知识组织研究中发挥了重要作用，无论是作为关键字还是共词对。在共词部分中，共词对之间存在一种相关的或一般的主题关系。结果表明，信息检索是知识组织研究的主要内容之一，而知识组织的理论概念一直被忽视。总体而言，知识组织研究的共词结构表明了该领域研究的全球概念和主题的多样性。
{"title":"A Co-Word Analysis of Global Research on Knowledge Organization: 1900-2019","authors":"O. Alipour, Faramarz Soheili, A. Khasseh","doi":"10.5771/0943-7444-2022-5-303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2022-5-303","url":null,"abstract":"The study’s objective is to analyze the structure of knowledge organization studies conducted worldwide. This applied research has been conducted with a scientometrics approach using the co-word analysis. The research records consisted of all articles published in the journals of Knowledge Organization and Cataloging & Classification Quarterly and keywords related to the field of knowledge organization indexed in Web of Science from 1900 to 2019, in which 17,950 records were analyzed entirely with plain text format. The total number of keywords was 25,480, which was reduced to 12,478 keywords after modifications and removal of duplicates. Then, 115 keywords with a frequency of at least 18 were included in the final analysis, and finally, the co-word network was drawn. BibExcel, UCINET, VOSviewer, and SPSS software were used to draw matrices, analyze co-word networks, and draw dendrograms. Furthermore, strategic diagrams were drawn using Excel software. The keywords “information retrieval,” “classification,” and “ontology” are among the most frequently used keywords in knowledge organization articles. Findings revealed that “Ontology*Semantic Web”, “Digital Library*Information Retrieval” and “Indexing*Information Retrieval” are highly frequent co-word pairs, respectively. The results of hierarchical clustering indicated that the global research on knowledge organization consists of eight main thematic clusters; the largest is specified for the topic of “classification, indexing, and information retrieval.” The smallest clusters deal with the topics of “data processing” and “theoretical concepts of information and knowledge organization” respectively. Cluster 1 (cataloging standards and knowledge organization) has the highest density, while Cluster 5 (classification, indexing, and information retrieval) has the highest centrality. According to the findings of this research, the keyword “information retrieval” has played a significant role in knowledge organization studies, both as a keyword and co-word pair. In the co-word section, there is a type of related or general topic relationship between co-word pairs. Results indicated that information retrieval is one of the main topics in knowledge organization, while the theoretical concepts of knowledge organization have been neglected. In general, the co-word structure of knowledge organization research indicates the multiplicity of global concepts and topics studied in this field globally.","PeriodicalId":46091,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge Organization","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70901434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2022-5-316
Kim E. Becnel, R. Moeller
In recent years, many school librarians have been scrambling to build and expand their graphic novel collections to meet the large and growing demand for these materials. For the purposes of this study, the term graphic novels refers to volumes in which the content is provided through sequential art, including fiction, nonfiction, and biographical material. As the library field has not yet arrived at a set of best practices or guidelines for institutions working to classify and catalog graphic novels, this study seeks to record the ways in which school librarians are handling these materials as well as issues and questions at the forefront of their minds. A survey of school librarians in the United States revealed that almost all of them collect fiction and nonfiction graphic novels, while 67% collect manga. Most respondents indicated that they are partly or solely responsible for the cataloging and classification decisions made in their media centers. For classification purposes, most have elected to create separate graphic novel collections to house their fictional graphic novels. Some include nonfiction graphic novels in this section, while others create a nonfiction graphic novel collection nearby or shelve nonfiction graphic novels with other items that deal with similar subject matter. Many school librarians express uncertainty about how best to catalog and classify longer series, adapted classics, superhero stories, and the increasing number and variety of inventive titles that defy categorization. They also struggle with inconsistent vendor records and past practices and suffer from a lack of full confidence in their knowledge of how to best classify and catalog graphic novels so that they are both searchable in the library catalog and easily accessible on the shelves.
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