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International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 国际疾病分类(ICD)
IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2022-7-496
Yi Hong, M. Zeng
This article presents the history, contents, structures, functions, and applications of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), which is a global standard maintained by the World Health Organization (WHO). The article aims to present ICD from the knowledge organization perspective and focuses on the current versions, ICD-10 and ICD-11. It also introduces the relationship between ICD and other health knowledge organization systems (KOSs), plus efforts in research and development reported in health informatics. The article concludes that the high-level effort of promoting a unified classification system such as ICD is critical in providing a common language for systematic recording, reporting, analysis, interpretation, and comparison of mortality and morbidity data. It greatly enhances the constancy of coding across languages, cultures, and healthcare systems around the world.
本文介绍了由世界卫生组织(WHO)维护的全球标准《国际疾病分类》(ICD)的历史、内容、结构、功能和应用。本文旨在从知识组织的角度介绍ICD,并重点介绍当前版本ICD-10和ICD-11。它还介绍了ICD与其他卫生知识组织系统(KOSs)之间的关系,以及卫生信息学中报告的研究和开发工作。这篇文章的结论是,促进像ICD这样的统一分类系统的高层努力对于为系统地记录、报告、分析、解释和比较死亡率和发病率数据提供一种共同语言至关重要。它极大地增强了世界各地不同语言、文化和医疗保健系统之间编码的一致性。
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引用次数: 1
Re-examining Aristotle’s Categories as a Knowledge Organization System 作为知识组织体系的亚里士多德范畴再认识
IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-11-12 DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2021-4-291
Brian Dobreski
In his Categories, Aristotle details the kinds of being that exist, along with what can be understood and predicated of existing things. Most notably within this work, Aristotle advances a set of ten, top-level categories that can be used to classify all kinds of being. Even today, the influence of the Categories is felt in many domains, particularly in knowledge organization (KO). Here, Aristotle’s Categories bear deep, long-standing connections with works examining categorization, subject analysis, and theory of classification. Though its relation to ontology might seem obvious, connections to KO perspectives on knowledge organization systems (KOSs) and ontological modeling are curiously lacking. The aim of this work is to offer a re-examination of the Categories as a KOS, particularly through the lens of the KO field’s understandings of ontology. Utilizing Zeng’s classification of KOSs as a theoretical framework, this study draws parallels between the first two sections of the Categories and the defining features of ontologies and offers an initial ontological model of this work. The results of this re-examination stand to offer a new view of a fundamental work in the KO canon, draw further connections between past and present perspectives in KO, and further contribute to the theoretical grounding of contemporary KOS research and practice.
在《范畴》一书中,亚里士多德详细描述了存在的事物种类,以及对存在事物的理解和描述。最值得注意的是,在这部作品中,亚里士多德提出了一套10个顶级类别,可用于对各种存在进行分类。即使在今天,类别的影响在许多领域,特别是在知识组织(KO)中都能感受到。在这里,亚里士多德的《范畴》与研究分类、主体分析和分类理论的著作有着深刻而长期的联系。虽然它与本体的关系似乎很明显,但奇怪的是,与知识组织系统(KOSs)和本体建模的KO观点之间的联系却很缺乏。这项工作的目的是对作为KOS的类别进行重新检查,特别是通过KO领域对本体论的理解。本研究利用曾的KOSs分类作为理论框架,将《分类》的前两部分与本体的定义特征进行比较,并提出了本研究的初步本体模型。这一重新审视的结果将为KO经典的基础工作提供一个新的视角,在KO的过去和现在的观点之间进一步建立联系,并进一步为当代KO研究和实践的理论基础做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Fine-Grained Ontology Reconstruction for Crisis Knowledge Based on Integrated Analysis of Temporal-Spatial Factors 基于时空因素综合分析的危机知识细粒度本体重构
IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2021-1-24
Xiaoyue Ma, Xue Pengzhen, N. Matta, Qiang Chen
Previous studies on crisis know­ledge organization mostly focused on the categorization of crisis know­ledge without regarding its dynamic trend and temporal-spatial features. In order to emphasize the dynamic factors of crisis collaboration, a fine-grained crisis know­ledge model is proposed by integrating temporal-spatial analysis based on ontology, which is one of the commonly used methods for know­ledge organization. The reconstruction of ontology-based crisis know­ledge will be implemented through three steps: analyzing temporal-spatial features of crisis know­ledge, reconstructing crisis know­ledge ontology, and verifying the temporal-spatial ontology. In the process of ontology reconstruction, the main classes and properties of the domain will be identified by investigating the crisis information resources. Meanwhile the fine-grained crisis ontology will be achieved at the level of characteristic representation of crisis know­ledge including temporal relationship, spatial relationship, and semantic relationship. Finally, we conducted case addition and system implementation to verify our crisis know­ledge model. This ontology-based know­ledge organization method theoretically optimizes the static organizational structure of crisis know­ledge, improving the flexibility of know­ledge organization and efficiency of emergency response. In practice, the proposed fine-grained ontology is supposed to be more in line with the real situation of emergency collaboration and management. Moreover, it will also provide the know­ledge base for decision-making during rescue process.
以往对危机知识组织的研究大多集中在对危机知识的分类上,而没有考虑其动态趋势和时空特征。为了强调危机协作的动态因素,结合基于本体的时空分析,提出了一种细粒度的危机知识库模型,这是知识库组织的常用方法之一。基于本体的危机知识重构将通过三个步骤实现:分析危机知识的时空特征、重构危机知识本体和验证时空本体。在本体重构过程中,通过对危机信息资源的调查,识别出领域的主要类别和属性。同时,将在危机知识的特征表征层面实现细粒度的危机本体,包括时间关系、空间关系和语义关系。最后,我们进行了案例添加和系统实施,以验证我们的危机知识模型。这种基于本体论的知识组织方法从理论上优化了危机知识的静态组织结构,提高了知识组织的灵活性和应急响应的效率。在实践中,所提出的细粒度本体应该更符合应急协作和管理的真实情况。此外,它还将为救援过程中的决策提供知识基础。
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引用次数: 0
Citation Indexing and Indexes 引文索引和索引
IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2021-1-72
P. Araújo, Renata Cristina Gutierres, Birger Hjørland, Castanha
A citation index is a bibliographic database that provides citation links between documents. The first modern citation index was suggested by the researcher Eugene Garfield in 1955 and created by him in 1964, and it represents an important innovation to knowledge organization and information retrieval. This article describes citation indexes in general, considering the modern citation indexes, including Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, Crossref, Dimensions and some special citation indexes and predecessors to the modern citation index like Shepard’s Citations. We present comparative studies of the major ones and survey theoretical problems related to the role of citation indexes as subject access points (SAP), recognizing the implications to knowledge organization and information retrieval. Finally, studies on citation behavior are presented and the influence of citation indexes on knowledge organization, information retrieval and the scientific information ecosystem is recognized.
引文索引是提供文献之间引文链接的书目数据库。第一个现代引文索引是由研究者尤金·加菲尔德(Eugene Garfield)于1955年提出并于1964年创建的,它代表了知识组织和信息检索的重要创新。本文从Web of Science、Scopus、谷歌Scholar、Microsoft Academic、Crossref、Dimensions等现代引文索引以及Shepard’s citation等现代引文索引的前身和一些特殊的引文索引的角度,对引文索引进行了概述。本文对引文索引作为主题访问点的主要研究成果进行了比较,并对相关理论问题进行了探讨,指出了引文索引作为主题访问点对知识组织和信息检索的影响。最后,对引文行为进行了研究,认识到引文索引对知识组织、信息检索和科学信息生态系统的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Jean Aitchison (1925–2020) Jean Aitchison(1925–2020)
IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2021-1-3
S. D. Clarke
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引用次数: 0
Work Centered Classification as Communication: Representing a Central Bank’s Mission with the Library Classification 以工作为中心的分类作为交流:用图书馆分类代表中央银行的使命
IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2021-1-42
Songphan Choemprayong, Chiraporn Siridhara
For a special library serving its parent organization, the design and use of classification schemes primarily need to support work activities. However, when the Prince Vivadhanajaya Library at the Bank of Thailand decided to open its doors to the public in 2018, the redesign of classification that serves both internal staff work and the public interest became a challenging task. We designed a classification scheme by integrating work centered classification design approach, classification as communication framework and the service design approach. The design process included developing empathy, ideation and implementation and evaluation. As a result, the new classification scheme, including seven main classes and thirty-seven level-one subclasses and twenty-two level-two subclasses, was primarily based on the organization’s strategic plans, mapping with JEL Classification Codes, Library of Congress Classification (LCC) and Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). The classification scheme also includes geographical code, author cutter number, publication year, volume number and copy number. Follow up interviews with twenty-three participants were conducted two years later to evaluate user experience as well as the staff’s opinion of the new classification scheme. The feedback addressed favorable outcomes and challenges to be used for the next iteration of the library service design process.
对于为其上级组织服务的特殊图书馆,分类方案的设计和使用主要需要支持工作活动。然而,当泰国银行Vivadanajaya王子图书馆于2018年决定向公众开放时,重新设计既服务于内部员工工作又服务于公众利益的分类成为一项具有挑战性的任务。我们将以工作为中心的分类设计方法、分类作为通信框架和服务设计方法相结合,设计了一个分类方案。设计过程包括培养同理心、构思、实施和评估。因此,新的分类方案,包括7个主要类别、37个一级子类别和22个二级子类别,主要基于该组织的战略计划,与JEL分类代码、美国国会图书馆分类和美国国会图书馆主题标题进行了映射。分类方案还包括地理代码、作者切割机编号、出版年份、卷号和副本编号。两年后,对23名参与者进行了后续访谈,以评估用户体验以及工作人员对新分类方案的意见。反馈意见解决了图书馆服务设计过程的下一次迭代所面临的有利结果和挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Confronting and Addressing Historical Discriminations through KOS: A Case Study of Terminology in the Becker-Eisenmann Collection 通过KOS面对和解决历史歧视:以贝克尔-艾森曼文集中的术语为例
IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2021-3-207
Brian Dobreski, Jian Qin, Melissa P. Resnick
While historical cultural materials inform users of the past, they may also contain language that perpetuates long-entrenched patterns of discrimination. In organizing and providing access to such materials, cultural heritage institutions must negotiate historical language and context with the comprehension and perspectives of modern audiences. Excerpted from a larger project exploring representation and access around historical terminology and personal identity, the present work offers insight into how knowl­edge organization systems may be used to help modern users confront and make sense of past, discriminatory language in the archive. Using keywords drawn from the titles of 19th and 20th sideshow performer photographs, this work details the construction of a mapping dictionary that brings together corresponding terminology from several vocabulary sources along with annotations designed to explain historical terms to modern audiences. The development of this dictionary revealed several major types of problematic and potentially discriminatory language including historical euphemisms, misnomers, outdated terms, and sensationalist monikers. The finished dictionary offers opportunities to address these through explanatory annotations and to provide a richer, multi-perspective approach to subject analysis for these and other historical materials.
虽然历史文化材料向使用者介绍过去,但它们也可能包含使长期根深蒂固的歧视模式永久化的语言。在组织和提供对这些材料的访问时,文化遗产机构必须与现代受众的理解和观点协调历史语言和背景。从一个探索历史术语和个人身份的表现和访问的更大项目中摘录,目前的工作提供了关于如何使用知识组织系统来帮助现代用户面对和理解档案中过去的歧视性语言的见解。使用从19世纪和20世纪杂剧演员照片标题中提取的关键词,这项工作详细介绍了一个地图词典的构建,该词典汇集了来自多个词汇来源的相应术语以及旨在向现代观众解释历史术语的注释。这本词典的发展揭示了几种主要的有问题的和潜在歧视的语言,包括历史委婉语、用词不当、过时的术语和耸人听闻的绰号。完成后的词典提供了通过解释性注释来解决这些问题的机会,并为这些和其他历史材料提供了更丰富、多视角的主题分析方法。
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引用次数: 0
Organizing Controversy: Toward Cultural Hospitality in Controlled Vocabularies Through Semantic Annotation 组织争论:从语义注释看受控词汇中的文化好客
IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2021-3-195
L. P. Coladangelo
This research explores current controversies within country dance communities and the implications of cultural and ethical issues related to representation of gender and race in a KOS for an ICH, while investigating the importance of context and the applicability of semantic approaches in the implementation of synonym rings. During development of a controlled vocabulary to represent dance concepts for country dance choreography, this study encountered and considered the importance of history and culture regarding synonymous and near-synonymous terms used to describe dance roles and choreographic elements. A subset of names for the same choreographic concepts across four subdomains of country dance (English country dance, Scottish country dance, contra dance, and modern western square dance) were used as a case study. These concepts included traditionally gendered dance roles and choreographic terms with a racially pejorative history. Through the lens of existing research on ethical knowl­edge organization, this study focused on principles and methods of transparency, multivocality, cultural warrant, cultural hospitality, and intersectionality to conduct a domain analysis of country dance resources. The analysis revealed differing levels of engagement and distinction among dance practitioners and communities for their preferences to use different terms for the same concept. Various lexical, grammatical, affective, social, political, and cultural aspects also emerged as important contextual factors for the use and assignment of terms. As a result, this study proposes the use of semantic annotation to represent those contextual factors and to allow mechanisms of user choice in the design of a country dance knowl­edge organization system. Future research arising from this study would focus on expanding examination to other country dance genres and continued exploration of the use of semantic approaches to represent contextual factors in controlled vocabulary development.
本研究探讨了当前乡村舞蹈社区内部的争议,以及与非物质文化遗产KOS中性别和种族表现相关的文化和伦理问题的影响,同时调查了语境的重要性和语义方法在同义词环实施中的适用性。在为乡村舞蹈编舞开发一套代表舞蹈概念的受控词汇的过程中,本研究遇到并考虑了历史和文化对用于描述舞蹈角色和编舞元素的同义和近似同义术语的重要性。在乡村舞的四个子域(英格兰乡村舞、苏格兰乡村舞、对手舞和现代西方广场舞)中,相同编舞概念的名称子集被用作案例研究。这些概念包括传统的性别舞蹈角色和带有种族歧视历史的编舞术语。本研究结合已有的伦理知识组织研究,从透明度、多声性、文化保证性、文化好客性、交叉性等原则与方法,对乡村舞蹈资源进行域分析。分析揭示了舞蹈从业者和社区之间的不同程度的参与和区分,因为他们喜欢使用不同的术语来表达同一个概念。各种词汇、语法、情感、社会、政治和文化方面也成为术语使用和分配的重要语境因素。因此,本研究建议使用语义注释来表示这些上下文因素,并允许用户在乡村舞蹈知识组织系统的设计中选择机制。未来的研究将集中于扩大对其他乡村舞蹈类型的研究,并继续探索使用语义方法来表示受控词汇发展中的语境因素。
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引用次数: 1
A New Framework for Systematic Analysis and Classification of Inconsistencies in Multi-Viewpoint Ontologies 多视点本体不一致性系统分析与分类的新框架
IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2021-5-331
M. Zhitomirsky-Geffet, Golan Avidan
Plurality of beliefs and theories in different knowledge domains calls for modelling multi-viewpoint ontologies and knowledge organization systems (KOS). A generic theoretical approach recently proposed for heterogeneity representation in KOS was linking each ontological statement to a specific validity scope to determine a set of conditions under which the statement is valid. However, the practical applicability of this approach has yet to be empirically assessed. In addition, there is still a need to investigate the types of inconsistencies that might arise in multi-viewpoint ontologies as well as their possible causes. This study proposes a new framework for systematic analysis and classification of inconsistencies in multi-viewpoint ontologies. The framework is based on eight generic logical structures of ontological statements. To test the validity of the proposed framework, two ontologies from different knowledge domains were examined. We found that only three of the eight structures led to inconsistencies in both ontologies, while the other two structures were always present in logically consistent statements. The study has practical implications for building diversified and personalized knowledge systems.
不同知识领域的信念和理论的多样性要求对多视点本体和知识组织系统(KOS)进行建模。最近为KOS中的异质性表示提出的一种通用理论方法是将每个本体论陈述与特定的有效性范围联系起来,以确定该陈述有效的一组条件。然而,这种方法的实际适用性还有待经验评估。此外,还需要调查在多视点本体中可能出现的不一致类型及其可能的原因。本研究提出了一个多视点本体不一致性系统分析与分类的新框架。该框架基于本体语句的八个通用逻辑结构。为了验证所提框架的有效性,研究了来自不同知识领域的两个本体。我们发现八个结构中只有三个导致两个本体不一致,而其他两个结构总是出现在逻辑一致的陈述中。本研究对构建多元化、个性化的知识体系具有现实意义。
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引用次数: 1
RILM Index (Répertoire International de Littérature Musicale) RILM索引(国际音乐文学目录)
IF 0.7 4区 管理学 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2021-5-357
Yun Henshaw, Shuheng Wu
RILM Index is a partially controlled vocabulary designated to index scholarly writings on music and related subjects, created and curated by Répertoire International de Littérature Musicale (RILM). It has been developed over 50 years and has served the music community as a primary research tool. This analytical review of the characteristics of RILM Index reveals several issues, related to the Index’s history, that impinge on its usefulness. An in-progress thesaurus is presented as a possible solution to these issues. RILM Index, despite being imperfect, provides a foundation for developing an ontological structure for both indexing and information retrieval purposes.
RILM索引是一个部分控制的词汇,指定索引音乐和相关主题的学术著作,由rims创建和策划。它已经发展了50多年,一直作为音乐界的主要研究工具。对RILM指数特点的分析性审查揭示了与该指数的历史有关的几个影响其效用的问题。一个正在进行的同义词典作为这些问题的可能解决方案被提出。尽管RILM Index还不完善,但它为开发用于索引和信息检索目的的本体论结构提供了基础。
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引用次数: 0
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Knowledge Organization
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