Biofilm formation at the level of a wound plays an important role in its chronicization. The difficulty of its eradication has driven research toward the discovery and synthesis of new molecules that can act on biofilm to promote wound healing. This narrative review focuses on alternative molecules that can act and promote the eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, taking into consideration its antibiotic resistance, virulence, tendency toward the tenacious colonization of wounds by biofilms, and its increased prevalence in both community and hospital settings. A selection of promising studies were reported, analyzing the in vitro and/or in vivo efficacy of bacteriophages, metal nanoparticles, RNAIII inhibiting peptide (RIP), synthetized RIP derivatives, proteinase K and hamamelitannin.
{"title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a cause of chronic wound infections: Alternative strategies for management.","authors":"Oriana Simonetti, Samuele Marasca, Matteo Candelora, Giulio Rizzetto, Giulia Radi, Elisa Molinelli, Lucia Brescini, Oscar Cirioni, Annamaria Offidani","doi":"10.3934/microbiol.2022011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2022011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biofilm formation at the level of a wound plays an important role in its chronicization. The difficulty of its eradication has driven research toward the discovery and synthesis of new molecules that can act on biofilm to promote wound healing. This narrative review focuses on alternative molecules that can act and promote the eradication of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, taking into consideration its antibiotic resistance, virulence, tendency toward the tenacious colonization of wounds by biofilms, and its increased prevalence in both community and hospital settings. A selection of promising studies were reported, analyzing the in vitro and/or in vivo efficacy of bacteriophages, metal nanoparticles, RNAIII inhibiting peptide (RIP), synthetized RIP derivatives, proteinase K and hamamelitannin.</p>","PeriodicalId":46108,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Microbiology","volume":"8 2","pages":"125-137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9329881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40617266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022010
U. Shahbaz, Nazira Fatima, Samra Basharat, A. Bibi, Xiaobin Yu, Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain, Maryam Nasrullah
Vitamin C stands as an essential water-soluble vitamin, antioxidant and has been shown to enhance immunity. SARS-CoV-2 has been spreading rapidly across the worldwide, several cellular processes of innate and adaptive immunity are aided by vitamin C, which strengthens the immune system overall. Multiple lines of evidence in the literature associate vitamin C with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and immunomodulatory actions. Pneumonia and sepsis patients had poor ascorbic acid status and high oxidative stress, according to many studies. Pneumonia patients who get vitamin C may have less severe symptoms and a longer course of the illness if they do. To standardize plasma levels in sepsis patients, gram measurements of the vitamin must be administered intravenously (IV). This intervention has been shown in a few trials to reduce mortality. COVID-19 management in China and the United States has exhibited remarkable results when using a high percentage of intravenous vitamins C. It's acceptable to include vitamin C in the COVID-19 treatment protocol as a secondary measure based on the current active clinical studies looking at the impact of vitamin C on the management of COVID-19. Patients with hypovitaminosis C or severe respiratory illnesses, such as COVID-19, may benefit from taking vitamin C, due to its good safety profile, simplicity of use, and potential for rapid production scaling. The study's goal was to see whether high dosage intravenous vitamin C had any impact on individuals with severe COVID-19 (HDIVC). Finally we discuss recent research that has been published on the efficacy of vitamin C administration in the treatment of viral infection and life-threatening conditions. The purpose of this manuscript is to summarise existing research on the efficacy of vitamin C as a treatment for COVID-19 and to discuss possible explanations for why it may work in some individuals but not in others.
{"title":"Role of vitamin C in preventing of COVID-19 infection, progression and severity","authors":"U. Shahbaz, Nazira Fatima, Samra Basharat, A. Bibi, Xiaobin Yu, Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain, Maryam Nasrullah","doi":"10.3934/microbiol.2022010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2022010","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin C stands as an essential water-soluble vitamin, antioxidant and has been shown to enhance immunity. SARS-CoV-2 has been spreading rapidly across the worldwide, several cellular processes of innate and adaptive immunity are aided by vitamin C, which strengthens the immune system overall. Multiple lines of evidence in the literature associate vitamin C with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and immunomodulatory actions. Pneumonia and sepsis patients had poor ascorbic acid status and high oxidative stress, according to many studies. Pneumonia patients who get vitamin C may have less severe symptoms and a longer course of the illness if they do. To standardize plasma levels in sepsis patients, gram measurements of the vitamin must be administered intravenously (IV). This intervention has been shown in a few trials to reduce mortality. COVID-19 management in China and the United States has exhibited remarkable results when using a high percentage of intravenous vitamins C. It's acceptable to include vitamin C in the COVID-19 treatment protocol as a secondary measure based on the current active clinical studies looking at the impact of vitamin C on the management of COVID-19. Patients with hypovitaminosis C or severe respiratory illnesses, such as COVID-19, may benefit from taking vitamin C, due to its good safety profile, simplicity of use, and potential for rapid production scaling. The study's goal was to see whether high dosage intravenous vitamin C had any impact on individuals with severe COVID-19 (HDIVC). Finally we discuss recent research that has been published on the efficacy of vitamin C administration in the treatment of viral infection and life-threatening conditions. The purpose of this manuscript is to summarise existing research on the efficacy of vitamin C as a treatment for COVID-19 and to discuss possible explanations for why it may work in some individuals but not in others.","PeriodicalId":46108,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Microbiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"108 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48247809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022008
Divakar Dahiya, H. Sharma, A. Rai, P. Nigam
The circular bioeconomy has undoubtedly gained global momentum during the last few years. The bioeconomy envisions “3R”, the goal of 3R (Reduce, Recycle, Reuse) is to implement in circular economy preventing excessive and unnecessary wastes. The circular bioeconomy emphasizes the best use of all sorts of available bioresources through the reduction of generated wastes during product formation, recycling of generated wastes, and reuse of valuable by-products and residues. Biotechnology could be useful in utilizing the resources to the optimum and therefore the role of biological agents and bioprocesses is of prime importance. In this review, we highlight the paramount importance of beneficial strains of microorganisms, macro, and microalgae in the bioeconomy. Microorganisms are universally recognized for the notable production of a vast array of secondary metabolites and other functionalities with possible use in various sectors. The application of potential strains in industries and modern agriculture practices could progressively improve the effective yield of food and feed, including fertilization of arid soils, bioconversion of by-products from industrial processes, and agriculture wastes. The valuable properties of specifically selected biological agents typically make them suitable candidates for their efficient contribution to circular bioeconomy without hampering the environment.
{"title":"Application of biological systems and processes employing microbes and algae to Reduce, Recycle, Reuse (3Rs) for the sustainability of circular bioeconomy","authors":"Divakar Dahiya, H. Sharma, A. Rai, P. Nigam","doi":"10.3934/microbiol.2022008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2022008","url":null,"abstract":"The circular bioeconomy has undoubtedly gained global momentum during the last few years. The bioeconomy envisions “3R”, the goal of 3R (Reduce, Recycle, Reuse) is to implement in circular economy preventing excessive and unnecessary wastes. The circular bioeconomy emphasizes the best use of all sorts of available bioresources through the reduction of generated wastes during product formation, recycling of generated wastes, and reuse of valuable by-products and residues. Biotechnology could be useful in utilizing the resources to the optimum and therefore the role of biological agents and bioprocesses is of prime importance. In this review, we highlight the paramount importance of beneficial strains of microorganisms, macro, and microalgae in the bioeconomy. Microorganisms are universally recognized for the notable production of a vast array of secondary metabolites and other functionalities with possible use in various sectors. The application of potential strains in industries and modern agriculture practices could progressively improve the effective yield of food and feed, including fertilization of arid soils, bioconversion of by-products from industrial processes, and agriculture wastes. The valuable properties of specifically selected biological agents typically make them suitable candidates for their efficient contribution to circular bioeconomy without hampering the environment.","PeriodicalId":46108,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Microbiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"83 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45674736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-22DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022007
A. El-Ashry, Shimaa R. Hendawy, N. Mahmoud
The pks genotoxic K. pneumoniae has recently triggered a widespread alarm. DNA damage and higher virulence have been linked to colibactin, a genotoxin expressed by the pks genomic island. Little is known about its molecular epidemiology in clinical isolates from Egypt. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and the microbiological and clinical features of pks harboring hospital-acquired K. pneumoniae isolates from Egypt. Eighty-seven hospital-acquired K. pneumoniae isolates from various specimen types were screened for pks colibactin island markers clbB, clbQ, clbA, and clbN by PCR. The pks-positive hvKp isolates were classified to one of the capsular types K1 and K2 using multiplex-PCR targeting K-serotype wzi and rmpA genes. The prevalence of pks+ strains was 27.6% (24/87). K1 capsular type, phenotypic, and genotypic hypervirulent isolates were significantly higher among pks+ strains than pks− strains (P < 0.001), while pks+ K. pneumoniae strains were found to be significantly less resistant to 8 of the antibiotic compounds tested than pks− strains. Carriage of K1 capsular type and mucoviscosity-associated rmp A gene and diabetes mellitus were identified to remain independent risk factors having a substantial association to pks-positivity by multivariate regression analysis. In conclusion, Hospital-acquired K. pneumoniae isolates in Egypt had an increased prevalence of the pks colibactin genotoxin. The significant occurrence of hypervirulent determinants in pks+ K. pneumoniae highlighted the genotoxin's possible pathogenicity combined with its distribution in several specimen types, which necessitates clinical attention and epidemic tracking.
{"title":"Prevalence of pks genotoxin among hospital-acquired Klebsiella pneumoniae","authors":"A. El-Ashry, Shimaa R. Hendawy, N. Mahmoud","doi":"10.3934/microbiol.2022007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2022007","url":null,"abstract":"The pks genotoxic K. pneumoniae has recently triggered a widespread alarm. DNA damage and higher virulence have been linked to colibactin, a genotoxin expressed by the pks genomic island. Little is known about its molecular epidemiology in clinical isolates from Egypt. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and the microbiological and clinical features of pks harboring hospital-acquired K. pneumoniae isolates from Egypt. Eighty-seven hospital-acquired K. pneumoniae isolates from various specimen types were screened for pks colibactin island markers clbB, clbQ, clbA, and clbN by PCR. The pks-positive hvKp isolates were classified to one of the capsular types K1 and K2 using multiplex-PCR targeting K-serotype wzi and rmpA genes. The prevalence of pks+ strains was 27.6% (24/87). K1 capsular type, phenotypic, and genotypic hypervirulent isolates were significantly higher among pks+ strains than pks− strains (P < 0.001), while pks+ K. pneumoniae strains were found to be significantly less resistant to 8 of the antibiotic compounds tested than pks− strains. Carriage of K1 capsular type and mucoviscosity-associated rmp A gene and diabetes mellitus were identified to remain independent risk factors having a substantial association to pks-positivity by multivariate regression analysis. In conclusion, Hospital-acquired K. pneumoniae isolates in Egypt had an increased prevalence of the pks colibactin genotoxin. The significant occurrence of hypervirulent determinants in pks+ K. pneumoniae highlighted the genotoxin's possible pathogenicity combined with its distribution in several specimen types, which necessitates clinical attention and epidemic tracking.","PeriodicalId":46108,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Microbiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"73 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44461223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-21DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022006
O. Nwaiwu
Genome sequences of the three strains of L. monocytogenes, which are the first core genome multi-locus sequence types (cgMLST) 2050 and 2051 were reviewed and compared with 21 close relatives and reference genomes. Using a pan-genomic approach to analyse whole genome sequences, it was found that the strains consisted of approximately 2200 shared genes and a much greater pool of genes present as an accessory genome. An unknown transmissible sequence of approximately 91 kb harbouring bacitracin resistance genes found in strain LmNG2 (1/2b) was revealed to be an Inc18 plasmid. The CT2051, strain LmNG3 (1/2a) haboured more unique genes (252 vs 230) than the well-known reference strain LmEGD-e (1/2a). More studies to monitor new strains can help reduce food-borne outbreaks.
{"title":"Comparative genome analysis of the first Listeria monocytogenes core genome multi-locus sequence types CT2050 AND CT2051 strains with their close relatives","authors":"O. Nwaiwu","doi":"10.3934/microbiol.2022006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2022006","url":null,"abstract":"Genome sequences of the three strains of L. monocytogenes, which are the first core genome multi-locus sequence types (cgMLST) 2050 and 2051 were reviewed and compared with 21 close relatives and reference genomes. Using a pan-genomic approach to analyse whole genome sequences, it was found that the strains consisted of approximately 2200 shared genes and a much greater pool of genes present as an accessory genome. An unknown transmissible sequence of approximately 91 kb harbouring bacitracin resistance genes found in strain LmNG2 (1/2b) was revealed to be an Inc18 plasmid. The CT2051, strain LmNG3 (1/2a) haboured more unique genes (252 vs 230) than the well-known reference strain LmEGD-e (1/2a). More studies to monitor new strains can help reduce food-borne outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":46108,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Microbiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"61 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44381570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-10DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022005
S. Pérez-Burillo, Sumudu Rajakaruna, O. Paliy
High-fat diets have been associated with lower gut and fecal abundances of genus Bifidobacterium. Here, we investigated whether commonly consumed dietary free fatty acids have any detrimental effect on the growth of B. adolescentis, B. bifidum, and B. longum. We found that the presence of free fatty acids in the medium inhibits the growth of Bifidobacterium species to a varying degree, with capric (C10:0), oleic (C18:1), and linoleic (C18:2) acids displaying the largest effect. In comparison, free fatty acids did not affect the growth of Escherichia coli. When fats were added as a mixture of mono- and diacylglycerols, the inhibitory effect on Bifidobacterium growth was abolished.
{"title":"Growth of Bifidobacterium species is inhibited by free fatty acids and bile salts but not by glycerides","authors":"S. Pérez-Burillo, Sumudu Rajakaruna, O. Paliy","doi":"10.3934/microbiol.2022005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2022005","url":null,"abstract":"High-fat diets have been associated with lower gut and fecal abundances of genus Bifidobacterium. Here, we investigated whether commonly consumed dietary free fatty acids have any detrimental effect on the growth of B. adolescentis, B. bifidum, and B. longum. We found that the presence of free fatty acids in the medium inhibits the growth of Bifidobacterium species to a varying degree, with capric (C10:0), oleic (C18:1), and linoleic (C18:2) acids displaying the largest effect. In comparison, free fatty acids did not affect the growth of Escherichia coli. When fats were added as a mixture of mono- and diacylglycerols, the inhibitory effect on Bifidobacterium growth was abolished.","PeriodicalId":46108,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Microbiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"53 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45113084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-22DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022004
D. Silva, Patrícia O. Nunes, J. Melo, C. Quintas
In the present work, the microbiological quality of sesame, flaxseed, chia, pumpkin sunflower seeds, a mix of seeds, as well as flaxseed flour, marketed in southern Portugal, were studied through the counting of aerobic microorganisms at 30 °C (AM), molds and yeast (M&Y), Escherichia coli (β-glucuronidase positive) (β-GP E. coli), Staphylococcus coagulase positive, and detection of Salmonella spp. The persistence of AM and M&Y populations were also counted in organic and non-organic flaxseed at 20 °C for 11 months. The seeds with the highest average of AM were flaxseed (1.3 x 106 CFU/g) followed by flaxseed flour (1.1 x 106 CFU/g) while the lowest level was found in chia (2.9 x 104 CFU/g). This seed also presented the lowest average values of filamentous fungi (9.8 x 102 CFU/g), whereas sunflower seeds had the highest levels (1.7 x 105 CFU/g). Flaxseed flour had the highest yeast counts (1.5 x 104 CFU/g). Although some samples had high levels of AM and fungi, β-GP E. coli and Salmonella were not detected, therefore, they complied with the microbiological criteria of the European Union. The organic flaxseed contained higher numbers of AM and M&Y than the non-organic ones (p < 0.05). In addition, the storage of flaxseed at 20 °C resulted in changes of AM and M&Y, showing that these populations were able to remain viable after eleven months (AM Log 5.4–Log 5.6; M&Y Log 2.8–Log 4.1). The results obtained in the present study, namely those high levels of AM and fungi (>106 and 104 CFU/g respectively), alert to the need of improving processing practices, storage/distribution conditions of edible seeds and derivatives, as well as the requirement of implementing adequate decontamination techniques.
在本工作中，通过对30°C（AM）、霉菌和酵母（M&Y）、大肠杆菌（β-葡糖醛酸酶阳性）（β-GP大肠杆菌）、凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌、，和沙门氏菌的检测。在20°C的有机和非有机亚麻籽中，AM和M&Y种群的持久性也被计数了11个月。AM平均值最高的种子是亚麻籽（1.3 x 106 CFU/g），其次是亚麻籽粉（1.1 x 106 CFU/g），而奇亚的AM平均值最低（2.9 x 104 CFU/克）。该种子的丝状真菌平均值最低（9.8 x 102 CFU/g），而向日葵种子的丝状菌平均值最高（1.7 x 105 CFU/g）。亚麻籽面粉的酵母数最高（1.5×104 CFU/g）。尽管一些样本中AM和真菌含量较高，但未检测到β-GP大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌，因此符合欧盟的微生物标准。有机亚麻籽比非有机亚麻籽含有更多的AM和M&Y（p<0.05）。此外，亚麻籽在20°C下的储存导致AM和M&Y的变化，表明这些种群能够在11个月后保持活力（AM Log 5.4–Log 5.6；M&Y Log 2.8–Log 4.1），即AM和真菌的高水平（分别>106和104CFU/g），提醒需要改进可食用种子和衍生物的加工实践、储存/分配条件，以及实施充分的去污技术。
{"title":"Microbial quality of edible seeds commercially available in southern Portugal","authors":"D. Silva, Patrícia O. Nunes, J. Melo, C. Quintas","doi":"10.3934/microbiol.2022004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2022004","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, the microbiological quality of sesame, flaxseed, chia, pumpkin sunflower seeds, a mix of seeds, as well as flaxseed flour, marketed in southern Portugal, were studied through the counting of aerobic microorganisms at 30 °C (AM), molds and yeast (M&Y), Escherichia coli (β-glucuronidase positive) (β-GP E. coli), Staphylococcus coagulase positive, and detection of Salmonella spp. The persistence of AM and M&Y populations were also counted in organic and non-organic flaxseed at 20 °C for 11 months. The seeds with the highest average of AM were flaxseed (1.3 x 106 CFU/g) followed by flaxseed flour (1.1 x 106 CFU/g) while the lowest level was found in chia (2.9 x 104 CFU/g). This seed also presented the lowest average values of filamentous fungi (9.8 x 102 CFU/g), whereas sunflower seeds had the highest levels (1.7 x 105 CFU/g). Flaxseed flour had the highest yeast counts (1.5 x 104 CFU/g). Although some samples had high levels of AM and fungi, β-GP E. coli and Salmonella were not detected, therefore, they complied with the microbiological criteria of the European Union. The organic flaxseed contained higher numbers of AM and M&Y than the non-organic ones (p < 0.05). In addition, the storage of flaxseed at 20 °C resulted in changes of AM and M&Y, showing that these populations were able to remain viable after eleven months (AM Log 5.4–Log 5.6; M&Y Log 2.8–Log 4.1). The results obtained in the present study, namely those high levels of AM and fungi (>106 and 104 CFU/g respectively), alert to the need of improving processing practices, storage/distribution conditions of edible seeds and derivatives, as well as the requirement of implementing adequate decontamination techniques.","PeriodicalId":46108,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Microbiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"42 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41776096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-27DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022003
A. Rabee, K. Kewan, H. E. El Shaer, M. Lamara, Ebrahim A Sabra
Rumen methanogens prevent the accumulation of fermentation gases in the rumen and generate methane that increases global warming and represents a loss in animals' gross energy. Non-traditional feed resources such as the by-products of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) and olive (Olea europaea) trees have received attention to be used in animal feeding. This study evaluated the impact of non-traditional feed resources including olive cake (OC), discarded dates (DD), and date palm frond (DPF) in sheep diet on rumen fermentation, diversity and relative abundance of rumen methanogens. Nine adult rams were assigned to three equal groups and fed three diets: traditional concentrates mixture (S1); non-traditional concentrate mixture (S2) based on DD and OC; and (S3) composed of the same S2 concentrate supplemented with DPF as a roughage part. The results showed that rumen pH was higher with S3 diet than the other two diets. However, the S1 diet showed the highest values of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and rumen ammonia. In addition, the proportions of acetic and butyric acids were increased, whereas propionic acid declined in S2 and S3 compared to the S1 diet. Rumen methanogens were dominated by Methanobrevibacter that showed a numeric decline by including DD, OC, and DPF in the animal diets. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on rumen fermentation parameters and relative abundances of methanogens genera showed three distinct clusters. Also, positive and negative correlations were revealed between methanogens genera and rumen metabolites. This study expands the knowledge regarding the effect of agricultural byproducts on rumen fermentation and the methanogenic community.
{"title":"Effect of olive and date palm by-products on rumen methanogenic community in Barki sheep","authors":"A. Rabee, K. Kewan, H. E. El Shaer, M. Lamara, Ebrahim A Sabra","doi":"10.3934/microbiol.2022003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2022003","url":null,"abstract":"Rumen methanogens prevent the accumulation of fermentation gases in the rumen and generate methane that increases global warming and represents a loss in animals' gross energy. Non-traditional feed resources such as the by-products of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) and olive (Olea europaea) trees have received attention to be used in animal feeding. This study evaluated the impact of non-traditional feed resources including olive cake (OC), discarded dates (DD), and date palm frond (DPF) in sheep diet on rumen fermentation, diversity and relative abundance of rumen methanogens. Nine adult rams were assigned to three equal groups and fed three diets: traditional concentrates mixture (S1); non-traditional concentrate mixture (S2) based on DD and OC; and (S3) composed of the same S2 concentrate supplemented with DPF as a roughage part. The results showed that rumen pH was higher with S3 diet than the other two diets. However, the S1 diet showed the highest values of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and rumen ammonia. In addition, the proportions of acetic and butyric acids were increased, whereas propionic acid declined in S2 and S3 compared to the S1 diet. Rumen methanogens were dominated by Methanobrevibacter that showed a numeric decline by including DD, OC, and DPF in the animal diets. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on rumen fermentation parameters and relative abundances of methanogens genera showed three distinct clusters. Also, positive and negative correlations were revealed between methanogens genera and rumen metabolites. This study expands the knowledge regarding the effect of agricultural byproducts on rumen fermentation and the methanogenic community.","PeriodicalId":46108,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Microbiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"26 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45533935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022002
Amina Manni, Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf
The current study aimed to analyze bacterial communities' diversity and abundance in three different deserted areas (Merzouga, Mhamid Elghizlane, and Erg lihoud) located in Moroccan Sahara, as well as to investigate osmotolerant microorganisms producing hydrolytic enzymes. The isolates were taxonomically affiliated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Four different hydrolase activities (amylase, lipase, cellulase, and protease) and osmotic stress tolerance were evaluated. The phylogenetic analysis of 364 screened isolates belonged to three phyla (Firmicutes 73%, Proteobacteria 26% and Actinobacteria 1%) and 18 different genera, from Bacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Paenibacillus, Geobacillus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Agrobacterium, Arthrobacter, Paenarthrobacter, Enterobacter, Staphylococcus, Erwinia, Herbasprillum, Ocuria, Massilia, Planomicrobium, Hodococcus, and Stenotrophomonas. The results detected a high proportion of osmotolerant and enzymes producing bacteria, many isolates can tolerate up to 55 °C (40%, 28%, and 30% in Merzouga, Mhamid Elghizlane, and Erg lihoudi, respectively). Meanwhile, the salinity tolerance reached 12% in some isolates with different proportions in each site, 29% in Merzouga, 24% in Mhamid Elghizlane, and 9% in Erg lihoudi. Furthermore, the enzymatic tests showed the presence of an amylolytic, lipolytic, cellulolytic, proteolytic activities in 20%, 31%, 63% and 72% of total strains, respectively. As a result, the present study is thus a preliminary yet critical step towards identifying the best bacterial candidates for further biotechnological applications.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-06DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022001
P. Di Martino
Antimicrobials are therapeutic substances used to prevent or treat infections. Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents applied to non-living surfaces. Every year, several thousand tonnes of antimicrobials and their by-products are released into the environment and in particular into the aquatic environment. This type of xenobiotic has ecological consequences in the natural environment but also in technological environments such as wastewater treatment plants and methane fermentation sewage sludge treatment plants. The constant exposure of microbial communities not only to high concentrations but also to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics is a key element in the development of antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments and in soils. The future of antimicrobials lies in the development of biosourced or bioinspired molecules. The observation and deciphering of interactions between living organisms is the key to this development.
{"title":"Antimicrobial agents and microbial ecology","authors":"P. Di Martino","doi":"10.3934/microbiol.2022001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2022001","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobials are therapeutic substances used to prevent or treat infections. Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents applied to non-living surfaces. Every year, several thousand tonnes of antimicrobials and their by-products are released into the environment and in particular into the aquatic environment. This type of xenobiotic has ecological consequences in the natural environment but also in technological environments such as wastewater treatment plants and methane fermentation sewage sludge treatment plants. The constant exposure of microbial communities not only to high concentrations but also to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics is a key element in the development of antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments and in soils. The future of antimicrobials lies in the development of biosourced or bioinspired molecules. The observation and deciphering of interactions between living organisms is the key to this development.","PeriodicalId":46108,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Microbiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44172070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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