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How to measure employees’ interests so as to be a more socially-responsible employer: A proposal of a new scale and its validation 如何衡量员工的兴趣,从而成为对社会更负责任的雇主?新量表的建议及其验证
IF 8.5 1区 经济学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.24136/oc.2571
Katarzyna Piwowar‐Sulej, A. Cierniak-Emerych
Research background: Many authors emphasize that successful human resource management (HRM) practices align with employees’ needs associated with the construct of employees’ interests. In particular, the importance of considering employees’ interests is emphasized in the process of shaping the architecture of Socially Responsible Human Resource Management (SR-HRM) systems.Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to contribute to understanding employees’ interests by designing and validating a measure to recognize these interests.Methods: Through the use of literature sources and expert opinions, the authors developed a list of employee interests. Empirical data collected via the survey method in Poland was used to statistically verify the measurement scale. In particular, exploratory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modelling were applied.Findings & value added: This article shows that it is important to create a comprehensive list of interests, as well as validate the research tool used. The newly developed scale has 22 items and five dimensions: support and development at the level of the enterprise, employee participation, support and development at the departmental level, employment security, working conditions and remuneration. It may be used in a variety of companies, as well as in complex research models, and developed further taking into consideration the context of other countries.
研究背景:许多学者强调,成功的人力资源管理(HRM)实践应与员工利益相关的员工需求相一致。特别是,在构建社会责任人力资源管理(SR-HRM)体系的过程中,考虑员工利益的重要性得到了强调:本文旨在通过设计和验证一种识别员工利益的方法,为了解员工利益做出贡献:方法:作者利用文献资料和专家意见,编制了一份员工兴趣清单。通过调查方法在波兰收集的经验数据被用来对测量量表进行统计验证。研究结果与附加价值:本文表明,制定一份全面的兴趣清单以及验证所使用的研究工具非常重要。新开发的量表有 22 个项目和五个维度:企业层面的支持和发展、员工参与、部门层面的支持和发展、就业保障、工作条件和薪酬。该量表可用于各种公司以及复杂的研究模式,并可根据其他国家的情况进一步开发。
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引用次数: 0
Digital twin simulation modeling, artificial intelligence-based Internet of Manufacturing Things systems, and virtual machine and cognitive computing algorithms in the Industry 4.0-based Slovak labor market 基于工业 4.0 的斯洛伐克劳动力市场中的数字孪生模拟建模、基于人工智能的制造物联网系统以及虚拟机和认知计算算法
IF 8.5 1区 经济学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.24136/oc.2814
Katarina Valaskova, Marek Nagy, Gheorghe Grecu
Research background: On the basis of an analysis of the current situation and expectations in the field of implementation of the elements of the Industry 4.0 concept, the purpose of this paper is to identify the effects on the labor market in large manufacturing enterprises in the Slovak Republic.Purpose of the article: The presented work has a theoretical-empirical nature and consists of a theoretical section and a practical section, which includes statistical indicator analysis and quantitative research. In the theoretical section, the paper discusses the issue of Industry 4.0 in general, with a focus on its impact on the labor market, thus laying the groundwork for future research on the subject.Methods: The output of this work is an analysis of selected indicators of the manufacturing industry sector in the Slovak Republic, based on the most recent employment data analysis in the first stage and quantitative research survey in the second stage, with the respondents being manufacturing industry companies operating in the Slovak Republic, and whose primary objective is to determine the current status of the implementation of the elements and technologies of Industry 4.0 in production companies in the Slovak Republic, as well as the factors influencing this situation, such as digital twin simulation modeling, artificial intelligence-based Internet of Manufacturing Things systems, and virtual machine and cognitive computing algorithms.Findings & value added: The research findings indicate that the degree of digitization adopted by businesses in the Slovak Republic is comparatively less robust and more sluggish to adapt. This is primarily attributable to the underdeveloped educational system, population reluctance, self-actualization, and inadequate state support. Recommendations for the Slovak market aim to increase the digital proficiency of businesses and of the general populace through various means, such as reforming legislation, enhancing state support for entrepreneurs, and modifying the education system, constituting the added value of the work.
研究背景:在分析工业 4.0 概念要素实施领域的现状和预期的基础上,本文旨在确定对斯洛伐克共和国大型制造企业劳动力市场的影响:本文具有理论-实证性质,由理论部分和实践部分组成,其中包括统计指标分析和定量研究。在理论部分,本文从总体上讨论了工业 4.0 的问题,重点关注其对劳动力市场的影响,从而为今后的相关研究奠定基础:这项工作的成果是对斯洛伐克共和国制造业部分指标的分析,第一阶段基于最新的就业数据分析,第二阶段基于定量研究调查,调查对象是在斯洛伐克共和国运营的制造业公司,主要目的是确定工业 4.0 要素和技术在斯洛伐克共和国生产公司的实施现状。研究结果与附加值:研究结果表明,斯洛伐克共和国企业采用的数字化程度相对较低,适应能力较弱。这主要归因于教育系统不发达、民众不情愿、自我实现以及国家支持不足。针对斯洛伐克市场提出的建议旨在通过各种手段,如改革立法、加强国家对企业家的支持、修改教育系统等,提高企业和普通民众的数字化能力,从而实现工作的附加值。
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引用次数: 0
Digital Innovation Hubs and portfolio of their services across European economies 欧洲各经济体的数字创新中心及其服务组合
IF 8.5 1区 经济学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.24136/oc.2757
Natallia Gavkalova, B. Gładysz, Walter Quadrini, Claudio Sassanelli, Fredrik Asplund, Muhammad Rusyadi Ramli, Peter Detzner, Jane Deville, M. Dragić, T. van Erp, Amalia Georgescu, Liz Price, Gaļina Robertsone, Sergio Terzi
Research background: Digital ecosystems in Europe are heterogenous organizations involving different economies, industries, and contexts. Among them, Digital Innovation Hubs (DIHs) are considered a policy-driven organization fostered by the European Commission to push companies’ digital transition through a wide portfolio of supporting services.Purpose of the article: There are DIHs existing in all European economies, but literature needs more precise indications about their status and nature. The purpose is to study a distribution of DIHs and differences in portfolios of DIHs’ services across European economies. Therefore, the paper wants to deliver more precise data on effects on national and European policies. This is required to define their final role and scope in the complex dynamics of the digital transition, depending on regional context and heterogeneity of industries.Methods: Data on 38 economies was collected from the S3 platform (on both existing and in preparation DIHs) and further verified by native speaking researchers using manual web scrapping of websites of DIHs identified from S3. To find potential similarities of digital ecosystems in different economies as emanated by the existence of DIHs, clusterization (Ward’s method and Euclidean distances) was applied according to the services offered. Economies were clustered according to the number of DIHs and the spread of DIHs intensity in different cities. The results were further analyzed according to the scope of the provided services.Findings & value added:  The applied clustering classified European economies in four different sets, according to the types of services offered by the DIHs. These sets are expression of the different digitalization statuses and strategies of the selected economies and, as such, the services a company can benefit from in a specific economy. Potential development-related reasons behind the data-driven clustering are then conjectured and reported, to guide companies and policy makers in their digitalization strategies.
研究背景:欧洲的数字生态系统是涉及不同经济、行业和环境的异质组织。其中,数字创新中心(Digital Innovation Hubs,DIHs)被认为是一种政策驱动型组织,由欧盟委员会扶持,通过广泛的支持服务组合推动企业的数字化转型:所有欧洲经济体都存在创新中心,但文献需要更准确地说明其地位和性质。本文旨在研究 DIH 的分布情况以及 DIH 服务组合在欧洲各经济体中的差异。因此,本文希望提供有关对国家和欧洲政策影响的更精确数据。这对于确定它们在数字转型的复杂动态中的最终作用和范围是必要的,这取决于地区背景和行业的异质性:方法:从 S3 平台收集了 38 个经济体的数据(包括现有的和筹备中的 DIH),并由母语为英语的研究人员通过手动网络搜刮从 S3 中识别出的 DIH 网站进行进一步验证。为了发现不同经济体的数字生态系统因存在 DIH 而产生的潜在相似性,我们根据所提供的服务进行了聚类(沃德方法和欧氏距离)。根据 DIH 的数量和 DIH 在不同城市的分布强度,对各经济体进行聚类。结果与附加值:根据 DIH 提供的服务类型,应用聚类将欧洲经济体划分为四个不同的组别。这些组别体现了所选经济体不同的数字化状况和战略,因此也体现了公司在特定经济体中可以受益的服务。然后,对数据驱动的聚类背后与发展相关的潜在原因进行猜测和报告,为企业和政策制定者的数字化战略提供指导。
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引用次数: 0
Is earnings management impacted by audit fees and auditor tenure? An analysis of the Big Four audit firms in the US market 盈余管理是否受到审计费用和审计师任期的影响?对美国市场四大审计公司的分析
1区 经济学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.24136/oc.2023.027
José Manuel Santos-Jaén, Gema Martín de Almagro-Vázquez, María del Carmen Valls Martínez
Research background: Audits are intended to ensure the reliability of financial statements, as this is fundamental for different stakeholders. However, both auditor tenure and audit fees could affect the earnings management of companies. In 2014, the European Union established a mandatory audit firm rotation policy. In the United States, although there is still no mandatory regulation in this regard, there has been a large public debate over the advisability of this policy. Another unresolved controversy is whether audit fees determine audit quality. Purpose of the article: The aim of this research is to study the effect of auditor tenure and audit fees on earnings management, i.e., to determine whether a longer-term relationship between the auditor and the audited company, as well as higher audit fees, reduce the audited company's earnings management, thereby making the financial statements more reliable for stakeholders and increasing the quality of the audit report. In addition, the Big Four auditing companies in the United States were analyzed in order to determine the influence of corporate culture. Methods: A sample of companies listed in the S&P 500 stock market index was employed for the analysis, covering the years 2012 to 2021, resulting in a dataset comprising 3,010 observations. To examine the research hypotheses while mitigating the potential bias from omitted variables, a linear regression analysis was conducted using panel data with fixed effects regression. To enhance the robustness of the results, winsorized variables were also employed. Findings & value added: Overall, the results confirm that the quality of financial statements improves as auditor tenure increases, and so implementing a mandatory auditor rotation may not be in a company’s best interests. The results also support the market segmentation theory, as higher audit fees are aligned with higher quality financial reporting. Furthermore, by analyzing the Big Four audit companies in the US, it is shown that the influence of audit fees and auditor tenure on earnings management also depends on the internal aspects of the particular audit firm, especially its ethical culture. In sum, US policymakers should neither set limits on audit fees nor enforce a mandatory audit firm rotation similar to that of the EU.
研究背景:审计的目的是确保财务报表的可靠性,因为这对不同的利益相关者来说是至关重要的。然而,审计师的任期和审计费用都会影响公司的盈余管理。2014年,欧盟制定了强制性审计事务所轮岗政策。在美国,虽然在这方面还没有强制性的规定,但公众对这一政策的可取性已经有了很大的争论。另一个悬而未决的争议是审计费用是否决定审计质量。本文目的:本研究的目的是研究审计师任期和审计费用对盈余管理的影响,即确定审计师与被审计公司之间更长期的关系以及更高的审计费用是否会减少被审计公司的盈余管理,从而使财务报表对利益相关者更可靠,提高审计报告的质量。此外,对美国四大审计公司进行了分析,以确定企业文化的影响。方法:采用标准普尔500指数成份股公司样本进行分析,时间跨度为2012年至2021年,数据集包含3010个观察值。为了检验研究假设,同时减少遗漏变量的潜在偏差,使用固定效应回归的面板数据进行线性回归分析。为了增强结果的稳健性,还采用了winsorized变量。的发现,附加值:总体而言,结果证实,财务报表的质量随着审计师任期的增加而提高,因此实施强制性的审计师轮岗可能不符合公司的最佳利益。研究结果也支持市场细分理论,因为较高的审计费用与较高质量的财务报告相一致。此外,通过对美国四大审计公司的分析表明,审计费用和审计师任期对盈余管理的影响还取决于特定审计公司的内部方面,特别是其道德文化。总而言之,美国政策制定者既不应限制审计费用,也不应强制执行类似于欧盟的审计事务所轮岗制度。
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引用次数: 0
How generative artificial intelligence technologies shape partial job displacement and labor productivity growth 生成式人工智能技术如何影响部分工作岗位的流失和劳动生产率的增长
1区 经济学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.24136/oc.2023.020
George Lazaroiu, Elżbieta Rogalska
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引用次数: 0
Economic sentiment indicators and their prediction capabilities in business cycles of EU countries 欧盟经济景气指标及其对经济周期的预测能力
1区 经济学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.24136/oc.2023.029
Andrea Tkacova, Beata Gavurova
Research background: The post-World Financial Crisis period has showed us that an application of the qualitative data focused on the expectations of the enterprises and consumers in a combination with the quantitative data in the individual economy sectors is a good prerequisite for reliable prediction of the economic cycles. Purpose of the paper: The main goal of the presented study was to test the ESI prediction capabilities and its components in a relation to the economic cycles of the EU countries in the individual time periods. Methods: The time series for the period Q1 2000 to Q4 2022 and the three selected time periods were a subject to undergo the selection of the cyclical component applying the Hodrick-Prescott filter and then, the relationship between the variables was determined employing the Pearson correlation coefficient with the time shifts. The relation of ESI and its components to GDP and the Index of Industrial Production (IIP), which represent the economic cycle, was analysed. The prediction volume and the cross-correlation values determined the nature of the observed cyclical variables. Findings & value added: The results of the analysis point to the fact that ESI and its components are able to ensure a high-quality prediction of the economic cycle only in the selected EU countries. Regarding the components of the ESI, the Consumer confidence indicator, Construction and Industrial confidence indicators show the best predictive capabilities. The analytical outcomes show that the ESI size and lead period vary over time and after the 2008 crisis, the ESI showed better predictive capabilities in a relation to GDP and IIP than before the crisis. The Covid 19 pandemic had a significant negative impact on the ESI predictive capabilities.
研究背景:后世界金融危机时期向我们表明,将关注企业和消费者预期的定性数据与单个经济部门的定量数据相结合,是可靠预测经济周期的良好前提。本文的目的:本研究的主要目的是测试ESI预测能力及其组成部分与欧盟国家经济周期在各个时期的关系。方法:以2000年第一季度至2022年第四季度的时间序列为研究对象,采用Hodrick-Prescott滤波对三个时段进行周期分量的选择,并利用Pearson相关系数与时移确定变量之间的关系。分析了ESI及其构成要素与代表经济周期的GDP和工业生产指数的关系。预测量和互相关值决定了观测到的周期变量的性质。的发现,附加值:分析结果表明,ESI及其组成部分只能确保对选定的欧盟国家的经济周期进行高质量的预测。在ESI的组成部分中,消费者信心指数、建筑业信心指数和工业信心指数显示出最好的预测能力。分析结果表明,金融危机后的ESI对GDP和IIP的预测能力优于金融危机前。2019冠状病毒病大流行对ESI预测能力产生了显著的负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
Circular economy practices as a tool for sustainable development in the context of renewable energy: What are the opportunities for the EU? 在可再生能源背景下,循环经济实践作为可持续发展的工具:欧盟的机遇是什么?
1区 经济学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.24136/oc.2023.025
Ugnius Jakubelskas, Viktorija Skvarciany
Research background: In order to tackle climate change and ensure Paris agreements are met, countries are forced to look for alternative ways of producing, consuming, and wasting and adopt a circular economy. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions becomes one of the key elements. The demand for electricity is increasing, and most greenhouse gas emissions derive from the energy sector. Because of that, it is crucial to ensure the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Renewable energy, as a part of the circular economy, also contributes to sustainable development. Only the efficient implementation of circular economy and renewable energy practices can ensure that sustainable development goals are achieved. Purpose of the article: The study aims at determining the efficiency of European Union countries implementing circular economy practices through renewable energy to attain SDGs. The study focuses on the significance of renewable energy as a tool for the circular economy to achieve sustainable development and highlights the progress achieved in SDG through renewable energy in the EU. Methods: For efficiency assessment of the circular economy represented by the renewable energy indicators, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was performed. Findings & value added: This study presents a relation analysis of the circular economy and renewable energy and the importance of efficiency in achieving SDGs through a circular economy. The study helps to understand the circular economy represented by renewable energy and how it transforms into sustainable development and contributes to necessary actions needed for countries to improve. Based on the results, Sweden, Luxembourg, Ireland, Latvia, Estonia, Malta, the Netherlands and Bulgaria are considered the most efficient countries, while Austria is the least efficient. Unused solar and wind power potential can slow down sustainable development; however, EU programs and renewable energy strategies help countries move towards clean energy and ensure efficient implementation of sustainable development goals.
研究背景:为了应对气候变化并确保巴黎协议得以实现,各国被迫寻找生产、消费和浪费的替代方式,并采用循环经济。减少温室气体排放成为关键因素之一。对电力的需求正在增加,而大多数温室气体排放来自能源部门。正因为如此,确保从化石燃料向可再生能源的过渡至关重要。可再生能源作为循环经济的一部分,也有助于可持续发展。只有有效实施循环经济和可再生能源实践,才能确保实现可持续发展目标。文章目的:该研究旨在确定欧盟国家通过可再生能源实施循环经济实践以实现可持续发展目标的效率。该研究侧重于可再生能源作为循环经济实现可持续发展的工具的重要性,并强调了欧盟通过可再生能源在可持续发展目标方面取得的进展。方法:采用数据包络分析(DEA)对以可再生能源指标为代表的循环经济效率进行评价。的发现,增加价值:本研究分析了循环经济和可再生能源的关系,以及通过循环经济实现可持续发展目标的效率重要性。这项研究有助于了解以可再生能源为代表的循环经济,以及它如何转化为可持续发展,并有助于各国采取必要的行动加以改善。根据调查结果,瑞典、卢森堡、爱尔兰、拉脱维亚、爱沙尼亚、马耳他、荷兰和保加利亚被认为是效率最高的国家,而奥地利的效率最低。未利用的太阳能和风能潜力会减缓可持续发展;然而,欧盟的项目和可再生能源战略帮助各国转向清洁能源,并确保有效实施可持续发展目标。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on employees’ skills and well-being in global labor markets: A systematic review 人工智能(AI)对全球劳动力市场中员工技能和福祉的影响:系统回顾
1区 经济学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.24136/oc.2023.022
Romana Emilia Cramarenco, Monica Ioana Burcă-Voicu, Dan Cristian Dabija
Research background: This article discusses how artificial intelligence (AI) is affecting workers' personal and professional lives, because of many technological disruptions driven by the recent pandemic that are redefining global labor markets.Purpose of the article: The objective of this paper is to develop a systematic review of the relevant literature to identify the effects of technological change, especially the adoption of AI in organizations, on employees’ skills (professional dimension) and well-being (personal dimension).Methods: To implement the research scope, the authors relied on Khan's five-step methodology, which included a PRISMA flowchart with embedded keywords for selecting the appropriate quantitative data for the study. Firstly, 639 scientific papers published between March 2020 to March 2023 (the end of the COVID-19 pandemic according to the WHO) from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases were selected. After applying the relevant procedures and techniques, 103 articles were retained, which focused on the professional dimension, while 35 papers were focused on the personal component.Findings & value added: Evidence has been presented highlighting the difficulties associated with the ongoing requirement for upskilling or reskilling as an adaptive reaction to technological changes. The efforts to counterbalance the skill mismatch impacted employees' well-being in the challenging pandemic times. Although the emphasis on digital skills is widely accepted, our investigation shows that the topic is still not properly developed. The paper's most significant contributions are found in a thorough analysis of how AI affects workers' skills and well-being, highlighting the most representative aspects researched by academic literature due to the recent paradigm changes generated by the COVID-19 pandemic and continuous technological disruptions.
研究背景:本文讨论了人工智能(AI)如何影响工人的个人和职业生活,因为最近的大流行导致了许多技术中断,正在重新定义全球劳动力市场。本文目的:本文的目的是对相关文献进行系统回顾,以确定技术变革,特别是组织中采用人工智能对员工技能(专业维度)和福祉(个人维度)的影响。方法:为了实现研究范围,作者依靠Khan的五步方法学,其中包括一个带有嵌入关键词的PRISMA流程图,用于选择适当的定量数据进行研究。首先,从Scopus和Web of Science (WoS)数据库中选取2020年3月至2023年3月(世界卫生组织认为2019冠状病毒病大流行结束)发表的639篇科学论文。应用相关程序和技术后,保留了103篇论文,主要集中在专业维度,35篇论文集中在个人部分。的发现,附加值:已有证据表明,作为对技术变革的适应性反应,不断要求提高技能或再培训存在困难。在具有挑战性的大流行时期,平衡技能不匹配的努力影响了员工的福祉。尽管对数字技能的重视已被广泛接受,但我们的调查显示,这一主题仍未得到适当的发展。该论文最重要的贡献在于全面分析了人工智能如何影响工人的技能和福祉,突出了学术文献研究中最具代表性的方面,这是由于最近新冠肺炎大流行和持续的技术中断造成的范式变化。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of the rule of law, corruption and terrorism on tourism: Empirical evidence from Mediterranean countries 法治、腐败和恐怖主义对旅游业的影响:来自地中海国家的经验证据
1区 经济学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.24136/oc.2023.02930
Yilmaz Bayar, Marius Dan Gavriletea, Rita Remeikienė
Research background: Tourism sector is considered as a driving force of economic development and understanding factors that deter the flow of tourists and hinder its development, which is essential for all actors involved in this industry. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to investigate the impact of rule of law, corruption, and terrorism on tourism in 14 coastal states of the Mediterranean Sea based on the United Nations classification. Methods: The short and long-run relationships among the rule of law, corruption, terrorism and tourism are respectively analyzed through Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality test and LM bootstrap cointegration test taking notice of the presence of heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence. Findings & value added: The causality analysis reveals that control of corruption has a significant influence on tourism only in the short run. The cointegration analysis uncovers that terrorism negatively affects the tourism in Albania, Algeria, Egypt, and Tunisia, but improvements in corruption also positively affect the tourism in Albania, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece and Italy. Last, the rule of law has a positive impact on tourism in Egypt, Greece, and Israel. In this context, the rule of law can also be a key factor for tourism development via combat with corruption and terrorism. Based on some unique characteristics, the Mediterranean region has consolidated its position as the world's leading tourist destination, but to maintain this competitive position, it is crucial to recognize and adopt strategies that respond to all key challenges faced by this sector.
研究背景:旅游业被认为是经济发展的驱动力,了解阻碍游客流动和阻碍其发展的因素,这对该行业的所有参与者都至关重要。文章的目的:本文的目的是根据联合国的分类,调查法治、腐败和恐怖主义对地中海14个沿海国家旅游业的影响。方法:通过Dumitrescu和Hurlin因果检验和LM自举协整检验,分别分析法治、腐败、恐怖主义和旅游三者之间的短期和长期关系,注意异质性和横截面依赖性的存在。的发现,因果关系分析表明,控制腐败对旅游业的影响仅在短期内显著。协整分析发现,恐怖主义对阿尔巴尼亚、阿尔及利亚、埃及和突尼斯的旅游业产生了负面影响,但腐败的改善也对阿尔巴尼亚、阿尔及利亚、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、希腊和意大利的旅游业产生了积极影响。最后,法治对埃及、希腊和以色列的旅游业产生了积极影响。在此背景下,通过打击腐败和恐怖主义,法治也可以成为旅游业发展的关键因素。基于一些独特的特点,地中海地区巩固了其作为世界主要旅游目的地的地位,但为了保持这一竞争地位,认识到并采取应对该部门面临的所有关键挑战的战略至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Social benefits of solar energy: Evidence from Bangladesh 太阳能的社会效益:来自孟加拉国的证据
1区 经济学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.24136/oc.2023.026
Gazi Salah Uddin, Chowdhury Abdullah-Al-Baki, Park Donghyun, Ali Ahmed, Tian Shu
Research background: The Bangladeshi government has set a plan to generate one-tenth of its electricity from solar and other renewable sources by 2030. Solar adoption surged in Bangladesh up until 2015, setting a global precedent for electrifying areas that were previously unconnected. The enhanced lighting offered by solar systems provides immediate benefits, including additional hours for household and business activities and extended study hours for school-going children. Purpose of the article: This study seeks to identify the determinants and welfare gains of solar adoption in rural areas by analysing three rounds of the Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey from 2011–12, 2015, and 2018–19. In addition to presenting new estimates of economic, environmental, and educational welfare gains, our research offers insights into how solar adoption relates to rural employment and the nutrition of children under five. Methods: We utilized both ordinary least squares and propensity score matching techniques to estimate the welfare effects of solar adoption. Only households that do not use electricity as their primary lighting source, such as those relying on solar or kerosene, are considered in our sample. Findings & value added: We have discovered that adopting solar is linked to higher income, increased expenditure, and growth in asset value. Additionally, there is a significant reduction in kerosene expenditure among adopters compared to non-adopters. Other observations reveal that households with solar setups tend to transition from sharecropping to trading and poultry farming. Children in these households also benefit from solar adoption in terms of education and nutrition. This study illustrates how solar energy can effectively address various welfare concerns in areas where the government cannot supply electricity. Given that recent global events have rendered underdeveloped countries more vulnerable to providing consistent electricity to their entire populations, this research suggests solar energy as a resilient electrification solution during crises.
研究背景:孟加拉国政府制定了一项计划,到2030年,太阳能和其他可再生能源将产生十分之一的电力。直到2015年,孟加拉国的太阳能采用率激增,为以前没有通电的地区创造了全球先例。太阳能系统提供的增强照明带来了立竿见影的好处,包括增加了家庭和商业活动的时间,延长了上学儿童的学习时间。本文目的:本研究旨在通过分析2011-12年、2015年和2018-19年三轮孟加拉国综合家庭调查,确定农村地区采用太阳能的决定因素和福利收益。除了提供对经济、环境和教育福利收益的新估计之外,我们的研究还提供了关于太阳能采用与农村就业和五岁以下儿童营养之间关系的见解。方法:我们利用普通最小二乘法和倾向得分匹配技术来估计太阳能采用的福利效应。只有那些不使用电力作为主要照明来源的家庭,例如那些依赖太阳能或煤油的家庭,才被考虑在我们的样本中。的发现,附加值:我们发现采用太阳能与更高的收入、增加的支出和资产价值的增长有关。此外,与非采用者相比,采用者的煤油支出显著减少。其他观察结果显示,安装了太阳能装置的家庭往往会从佃农转变为贸易和家禽养殖。这些家庭的儿童在教育和营养方面也受益于太阳能收养。这项研究说明了太阳能如何有效地解决政府无法供电的地区的各种福利问题。鉴于最近的全球事件使不发达国家更容易为其全体人口提供稳定的电力,这项研究表明,在危机期间,太阳能是一种有弹性的电气化解决方案。
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Oeconomia Copernicana
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