AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY最新文献

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Nostalgia for Paradise: The Escape from Time in Horace's Epode 16 对天堂的怀念:贺拉斯《Epode》中对时间的逃避

IF 0.5 1区历史学 0 CLASSICS

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY

Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/ajp.2022.0017

J. Ulrich

Abstract:Epode 16, Horace's famous decline poem about Rome before Actium, has long been viewed as a cynical response to Vergil's prophecy of a returning Golden Age in Eclogue 4. In this article, I argue that there is another, unrecognized intertext for Epode 16—Pindar's Olympian 2—to which Horace's bleak poem alludes in a "window reference" refracted through Vergil's bucolic. As such, Horace's cynicism represents, in fact, a lament over the lost simplicity and timelessness of Greek oral poetry, and an attempt to reclaim for his listeners/readers the originary experience of listening. In so doing, Horace takes up the Pindaric mantle of poet-prophet.

摘要:贺拉斯著名的《Epode 16》描写了罗马在公元前的衰落，长期以来被认为是对维吉尔在《牧歌4》中预言黄金时代回归的讽刺回应。在这篇文章中，我认为还有另一种未被认识到的互文《Epode 16》——品达的《奥林匹斯山2》——贺拉斯的阴冷的诗在维吉尔的田园诗中折射出的“窗口参考”中暗指了这一点。因此，贺拉斯的玩世不恭实际上代表了对希腊口头诗歌失去的简单和永恒的哀悼，并试图为他的听众/读者收回最初的倾听体验。贺拉斯这样做，继承了品达尔诗人兼先知的衣钵。

引用次数: 0

The Ethics of Revenge and the Meanings of the Odyssey by Alexander C. Loney (review) 《复仇的伦理与奥德赛》亚历山大·c·朗尼(书评)

IF 0.5 1区历史学 0 CLASSICS

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY

Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1353/ajp.2022.0021

Emily P. Austin

引用次数: 0

Philological Reception and the Repeating Odyssey in the Caribbean: Francisco Chofre's La Odilea 语言学上的接受与加勒比的重复奥德赛:弗朗西斯科·乔弗雷的《奥德赛》

IF 0.5 1区历史学 0 CLASSICS

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY

Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/ajp.2022.0009

R. Andújar

Abstract:This article discusses La Odilea, Francisco Chofre's prose adaptation of the Odyssey, which refigures both Homer's heroes as guajiros (peasants) and the ancient epic itself through the adoption of an oral Cuban dialect. My examination first highlights Chofre's linguistic transformations, which I consider a model of "philological" reception, as well as the ambiguous and complex relationship that he posits between his work and the Greek source text. I then explore the broader questions that this text poses regarding vernacularity and canonicity in La Odilea's two main contexts: the Cuban Revolution and the postcolonial Caribbean. Its role in Chofre's novel reveals the Odyssey's unique resonance across the Caribbean while also challenging existing models of classical reception.

摘要:本文探讨了弗朗西斯科·乔弗雷的散文《奥德赛》，它通过采用古巴口语方言，将荷马史诗中的英雄人物重新塑造为农民和古代史诗本身。我的研究首先强调了乔弗雷的语言转换，我认为这是一个“语言学”接受的模型，以及他在他的作品和希腊源文本之间所假定的模糊而复杂的关系。然后，我探讨了更广泛的问题，这篇文章提出了关于白话和正统的La Odilea的两个主要背景:古巴革命和后殖民加勒比。它在乔弗雷小说中的作用揭示了奥德赛在加勒比海地区的独特共鸣，同时也挑战了现有的经典接受模式。

引用次数: 0

The Latin Language and Native Survivance in North America 拉丁语言与北美原住民的生存

IF 0.5 1区历史学 0 CLASSICS

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY

Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/ajp.2022.0014

Craig A Williams

Abstract:This article discusses a representative sampling of texts from the 17th century to today in which indigenous writers of North America reflect on or make use of the Latin language, simultaneously no one's native language and marker of that European antiquity which has played a distinct role in colonizing processes on a continent which has its own still-living antiquity. With varying emphases, strategies, and effects, sometimes reflecting on education in general and language learning in particular, and not infrequently talking back to prejudiced or misinformed views of Native culture, these writers have cumulatively and collectively contributed to what has been called indigenous survivance. I end by considering some implications for those who study and teach Greco-Roman antiquity in North America today.

摘要:本文讨论了从17世纪到今天的一个代表性文本样本，在这些文本中，北美的土著作家反思或使用拉丁语，同时不是任何人的母语，也是欧洲古代的标志，欧洲古代在殖民过程中发挥了独特的作用，在大陆上有自己仍然存在的古代。这些作家的重点、策略和效果各不相同，有时反映在一般教育和语言学习上，有时也反映在对土著文化的偏见或错误看法上，他们积累起来，共同为所谓的土著生存做出了贡献。最后，我考虑了一些对今天在北美研究和教授希腊罗马古代的人的启示。

引用次数: 1

Basil Gildersleeve and John Scott: Race and the Rise of American Classical Philology 巴兹尔·吉尔德塞夫和约翰·斯科特:《种族与美国古典语言学的兴起》

IF 0.5 1区历史学 0 CLASSICS

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY

Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/ajp.2022.0007

D. McCoskey

Abstract:In this paper, I expose some of the ways contemporary ideas about race permeated the rise of American classical philology during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. More specifically, I identify places where ideas about race, slavery, skin color, and "race suicide" surface in the writings of Basil Gildersleeve and John Scott, then show how those concepts can be traced to the rise of racial science in the United States—especially in the work of the American School of Ethnology and the eugenics movement—and its response to the American experiences of slavery, emancipation, and immigration.

摘要：在本文中，我揭示了19世纪末20世纪初美国古典语文学兴起的一些当代种族思想。更具体地说，我在Basil Gildersleeve和John Scott的著作中发现了关于种族、奴隶制、肤色和“种族自杀”的想法，然后展示这些概念如何追溯到美国种族科学的兴起——尤其是在美国民族学学院和优生学运动的工作中——以及它对美国奴隶制、解放和移民经历的回应。

引用次数: 0

Beyond Reading, 'Riting, and 'Rithmetic: Black Elocutionary Education in Post-Emancipation America 超越阅读、写作和算术:解放后美国黑人的演讲教育

IF 0.5 1区历史学 0 CLASSICS

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY

Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/ajp.2022.0008

Heidi Morse

Abstract:At the close of the U.S. Civil War, the future of Black citizenship remained an open question. Schoolrooms and peer-taught extracurricular lessons became critical training grounds for learning to speak, recite, and proclaim—the building blocks of 19th-century American citizenship. Lessons derived from Quintilian's Institutio Oratoria (95 C.E.), preserved in early American schoolbooks and pedagogical exercises, introduced thousands of formerly enslaved Black learners to classical rhetorical principles at a crucial historical juncture. Through elementary lessons in oral recitation, Black learners adapted classical imitatio to support practices of self-teaching and participatory civic engagement.

摘要：在美国内战结束时，黑人公民身份的未来仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。教室和同伴授课的课外课程成为学习说话、背诵和宣告的重要训练场所，这些都是19世纪美国公民身份的基石。昆蒂利安的演讲学院（公元95年）的课程保存在早期的美国教科书和教学练习中，在一个关键的历史时刻，向成千上万以前被奴役的黑人学习者介绍了经典修辞原则。通过口头背诵的初级课程，黑人学习者改编了古典模仿，以支持自我教学和参与式公民参与的实践。

引用次数: 0

Racing The Classics: Ethos and Praxis 竞速经典:精神与实践

IF 0.5 1区历史学 0 CLASSICS

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY

Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/ajp.2022.0013

Sasha-Mae Eccleston, Dan-el Padilla Peralta

Abstract:In 2017, we founded the international conference series Racing the Classics to challenge foundational assumptions about knowledge production and race within the discipline. The inaugural event invited participants to unabashedly center race and ethnicity in their research in order to counter the dangerously universalizing pretensions of "Western Civilization" and other white supremacist ideologies suffusing the academy. Over time and subsequent iterations, we have pushed participants, ourselves included, to depart even further from the habits and normative scripts that circumscribe what gathering together to do this kind of work looks like now or could be in the future. We here reflect on the origin and progress of the conference series and offer practical suggestions for differentiating abstractly "inclusive and equitable" goals from targeted transformations of racializing practices.

摘要:2017年，我们创立了“经典竞速”系列国际会议，以挑战学科内关于知识生产和竞赛的基本假设。首届活动邀请参与者在他们的研究中毫不掩饰地把种族和民族放在中心位置，以对抗弥漫在学术界的“西方文明”和其他白人至上主义意识形态的危险的普遍主张。随着时间的推移和后续的迭代，我们已经推动参与者，包括我们自己，进一步远离习惯和规范脚本，这些脚本限制了聚集在一起做这种工作的现在或将来的样子。在此，我们反思了系列会议的起源和进展，并提出了区分抽象的“包容和公平”目标与有针对性的种族化实践转变的实际建议。

引用次数: 5

Reconstructing Classical Philology: Reading Aristotle Politics 1.4 After Toni Morrison 重构古典文献学:读亚里士多德政治学1.4托妮·莫里森之后

IF 0.5 1区历史学 0 CLASSICS

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY

Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/ajp.2022.0010

E. Greenwood

Abstract:In the course of his discussion of the role of slavery in the domestic economy of the ancient Greek city, Aristotle makes the claim that "the slave is a kind of animate piece of property" (Pol. 1253b32). This article reexamines Aristotle's choice of language through the lens of the Black radical philology of Toni Morrison, Hortense Spillers, and Christina Sharpe. In particular, it uses Sharpe's concept of the orthography of the wake as a practice of dysgraphia to pose questions of Aristotle's embrace of the idea of a human being as property. Rather than taking Aristotle's formulation as a normative expression of the concept of slavery as property in Greek law, this approach analyzes Aristotle's use of metaphor and vacillation to buttress an ideological fiction. This dialogue between antiquity and American modernity gains additional significance from the fact that Aristotle's linguistic choices in Book 1 of the Politics bear comparison with the strained grammar of American slave codes, critiqued by Hortense Spillers, as they attempted to normalize the counter-intuitive idea of human beings as property. As other scholars have observed, the potential analogies between Aristotle's theory of slavery in Politics 1 and ideologies of slave-owning in the American South were not lost on pro-slavery advocates, who condoned and adopted Aristotle's metaphors.

摘要:亚里士多德在论述奴隶制在古希腊城市国内经济中的作用时，提出“奴隶是一种有生命的财产”(Pol. 1253b32)。本文通过托妮·莫里森、霍顿斯·斯皮勒斯和克里斯蒂娜·夏普的黑人激进语言学视角，重新审视亚里士多德的语言选择。特别是，它使用夏普的尾迹正字法概念作为书写困难症的一种实践，提出了亚里士多德对人类作为财产的观点的质疑。本文不是将亚里士多德的表述作为希腊法律中奴隶制作为财产概念的规范性表达，而是分析亚里士多德使用隐喻和摇摆来支撑意识形态虚构。亚里士多德在《政治学》第一卷中的语言选择与美国奴隶法典的紧张语法进行了比较，这一事实使古代与美国现代之间的对话获得了额外的意义，这一语法受到了Hortense Spillers的批评，因为他们试图将人类作为财产的反直觉观念正常化。正如其他学者所观察到的，亚里士多德在《政治学》中的奴隶制理论与美国南方拥有奴隶的意识形态之间的潜在类比并没有被支持奴隶制的倡导者所忽视，他们宽恕并采用了亚里士多德的隐喻。

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引用次数: 0

Introduction: Classical Philology, Otherhow 引言：古典语言学，Otherow

IF 0.5 1区历史学 0 CLASSICS

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY

Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/ajp.2022.0012

E. Greenwood

引用次数: 0

miR-92b-3p Exerts Neuroprotective Effects on Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Cerebral Injury via Targeting NOX4 in a Rat Model. miR-92b-3p 通过靶向 NOX4 在大鼠模型中对缺血/再灌注诱导的脑损伤发挥神经保护作用

1区历史学 0 CLASSICS

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY

Pub Date : 2022-03-30 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3494262

Yongpan Huang, Jiayu Tang, Xiaojuan Li, Xian Long, Yansong Huang, Xi Zhang

The necessity to increase the efficiency of organ preservation has pushed researchers to consider the mechanisms to minimize cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Hence, we evaluated the role of the miR-92b-3p/NOX4 pathway in cerebral I/R injury. A cerebral I/R injury model was established by blocking the left middle cerebral artery for 2 h and reperfusion for 24 h, and a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was established. Thereafter, cerebral I/R increased obvious neurobiological function and brain injury (such as cerebral infarction, apoptosis, and cell morphology changes). In addition, we noted a significant decrease in the expression of miR-92b-3p, as well as increases in apoptosis and oxidative stress and an increase in NOX4. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-92b-3p blocked the inhibitory effect of miR-92b-3p on the expression of NOX4 and the accumulation of oxygen-free radicals. Bioinformatics analysis found that NOX4 may be the target gene regulated by miR-92b-3p. In conclusion, the involvement of the miR-92b-3p/NOX4 pathway ameliorated cerebral I/R injury through the prevention of apoptosis and oxidative stress. The miR-92b-3p/NOX4 pathway could be considered a potential therapeutic target to alleviate cerebral I/R injury.

提高器官保存效率的必要性促使研究人员考虑最大限度减少脑缺血/再灌注（I/R）损伤的机制。因此，我们评估了 miR-92b-3p/NOX4 通路在脑 I/R 损伤中的作用。通过阻断左侧大脑中动脉2小时和再灌注24小时建立了大脑I/R损伤模型，并建立了缺氧/再氧合（H/R）模型。此后，大脑 I/R 增加了明显的神经生物学功能和脑损伤（如脑梗死、细胞凋亡和细胞形态变化）。此外，我们还注意到 miR-92b-3p 的表达明显减少，细胞凋亡和氧化应激增加，NOX4 增加。此外，过表达 miR-92b-3p 阻断了 miR-92b-3p 对 NOX4 表达和无氧自由基积累的抑制作用。生物信息学分析发现，NOX4 可能是受 miR-92b-3p 调控的靶基因。总之，miR-92b-3p/NOX4通路的参与通过防止细胞凋亡和氧化应激改善了脑I/R损伤。miR-92b-3p/NOX4通路可被视为缓解脑I/R损伤的潜在治疗靶点。

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引用次数: 5

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