The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected working class and Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) communities, who have been more likely to contract and die from the virus. These inequalities in part stem from higher rates of comorbidities such as asthma, which can be connected to local built environments. One area where these inequalities are starkest is in energy generation and distribution, where marginalized communities are both more likely to be exposed to hazards from energy production, whereas at the same time more likely to struggle to afford that energy, leading to difficult trade-offs with other necessities. In turn, many of these inequalities can be tied to spatial patterns of residential segregation, such as redlining, which cut off BIPOC communities in from the prevailing wealth generating mechanisms of the past century, leading to the patterns of divestment and hazard exposure seen today. In this article, we explore the connections between public health, energy production and consumption, and redlining, using Milwaukee, WI as a case study. Using data from March to June 2020, we perform quartile regressions to assess the relationship between positive COVID cases, local demographics, and the local energy environment. We find that low-income and BIPOC communities were more likely to contract COVID, while also facing higher energy burdens and exposure to respiratory hazards, as well as a statistically significant relationship between COVID rates and redlining policy. We argue these results call further research into the connections between energy insecurity and other forms of injustice that manifest within racial capitalism.
{"title":"The Intersections of Energy and Housing Justice: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Phillip Warsaw, S. Kannan","doi":"10.1089/env.2022.0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2022.0082","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected working class and Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) communities, who have been more likely to contract and die from the virus. These inequalities in part stem from higher rates of comorbidities such as asthma, which can be connected to local built environments. One area where these inequalities are starkest is in energy generation and distribution, where marginalized communities are both more likely to be exposed to hazards from energy production, whereas at the same time more likely to struggle to afford that energy, leading to difficult trade-offs with other necessities. In turn, many of these inequalities can be tied to spatial patterns of residential segregation, such as redlining, which cut off BIPOC communities in from the prevailing wealth generating mechanisms of the past century, leading to the patterns of divestment and hazard exposure seen today. In this article, we explore the connections between public health, energy production and consumption, and redlining, using Milwaukee, WI as a case study. Using data from March to June 2020, we perform quartile regressions to assess the relationship between positive COVID cases, local demographics, and the local energy environment. We find that low-income and BIPOC communities were more likely to contract COVID, while also facing higher energy burdens and exposure to respiratory hazards, as well as a statistically significant relationship between COVID rates and redlining policy. We argue these results call further research into the connections between energy insecurity and other forms of injustice that manifest within racial capitalism.","PeriodicalId":46143,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Justice","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88305016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relationship Between Community Water Management, Conceptions, and Struggles for Justice in Southwest Colombia","authors":"Carolina Blanco-Moreno, M. Peña-Varón","doi":"10.1089/env.2022.0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2022.0065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46143,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Justice","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85207600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madilena Campbell, Alison E. Adams, Thomas E. Shriver
Extant research has well established that exposure to infectious disease can be a significant problem for vulnerable populations that have been deemed "essential" during widespread health crises. We contribute to this growing body of literature by delineating the utility of the critical environmental justice (CEJ) framework for investigating infectious disease in the context of at-risk groups such as farmworker communities. Specifically, we highlight how the four pillars of CEJ are applicable to potential or real exposure to pathogens in farmworkers' living and working spaces, and how responses and support for these essential workers can be shaped by intersectional factors, the "expendability" of farmworkers, and broader state and corporate structural influences. We draw from a case study of Florida farmworker outreach professionals to center the perceptions and experiences of individuals working directly with farmworker communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conclude with a discussion of how our research contributes to the broader understanding of CEJ in the context of widespread health threats, as well as an overview of lessons learned for regulatory and health agencies.
{"title":"Critical Environmental Justice and Pandemic Events: Florida Farm Work during COVID-19","authors":"Madilena Campbell, Alison E. Adams, Thomas E. Shriver","doi":"10.1089/env.2022.0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2022.0093","url":null,"abstract":"Extant research has well established that exposure to infectious disease can be a significant problem for vulnerable populations that have been deemed \"essential\" during widespread health crises. We contribute to this growing body of literature by delineating the utility of the critical environmental justice (CEJ) framework for investigating infectious disease in the context of at-risk groups such as farmworker communities. Specifically, we highlight how the four pillars of CEJ are applicable to potential or real exposure to pathogens in farmworkers' living and working spaces, and how responses and support for these essential workers can be shaped by intersectional factors, the \"expendability\" of farmworkers, and broader state and corporate structural influences. We draw from a case study of Florida farmworker outreach professionals to center the perceptions and experiences of individuals working directly with farmworker communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conclude with a discussion of how our research contributes to the broader understanding of CEJ in the context of widespread health threats, as well as an overview of lessons learned for regulatory and health agencies.","PeriodicalId":46143,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Justice","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78074866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Indigenous Peoples and the Justice40 Screening Tool: Lessons from EJSCREEN","authors":"Haley Mullen, K. Whyte, R. Holifield","doi":"10.1089/env.2022.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2022.0045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46143,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Justice","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74425340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Grounding REDD+ as Democratization of Environmental Policy? Insights and Lessons from the Philippines","authors":"M. Manahan","doi":"10.1089/env.2022.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2022.0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46143,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Justice","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77455873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Making Sense of Oil Pollution: Thresholds of Harm in the Extractive Ecologies of Val d'Agri","authors":"C. Selva","doi":"10.1089/env.2022.0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2022.0069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46143,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Justice","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84757542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Emergence of Amazonian Indigenous Defenders: The Case of the Centro Arenal Community","authors":"César Gamboa, Carlos Quispe Dávila","doi":"10.1089/env.2022.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2022.0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46143,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Justice","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82791788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expanding the Definition of Environmental Justice in Superfund Redevelopment: A Case Study of the American Creosote Works, Inc. Site","authors":"Riley Dibble, Kwame N. Owusu-Daaku","doi":"10.1089/env.2022.0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2022.0064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46143,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Justice","volume":"6 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72542929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Cannon, A. McInturff, P. Alagona, David N. Pellow
{"title":"Wild Urban Injustice: A Critical POET Model to Advance Environmental Justice","authors":"C. Cannon, A. McInturff, P. Alagona, David N. Pellow","doi":"10.1089/env.2022.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2022.0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46143,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Justice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78377538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vivek Ravichandran, Sophia D'Alonzo, Symone Stephens, Apoorva Ajith, Rose Hu, Sacoby M. Wilson
{"title":"Holding State Agencies Accountable: The Creation of an Environmental Justice Scorecard for Maryland State Agencies","authors":"Vivek Ravichandran, Sophia D'Alonzo, Symone Stephens, Apoorva Ajith, Rose Hu, Sacoby M. Wilson","doi":"10.1089/env.2022.0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/env.2022.0080","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46143,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Justice","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88860974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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