Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/17512549.2019.1578263
S. Miyata, Jongyeon Lim, Y. Akashi, Y. Kuwahara
ABSTRACT The energy management of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system is a primary concern in building projects. Although they allow us to identify opportunities for effective energy use, their cost can sometimes exceed the energy saved. On the contrary, controller tuning by e.g. set-point regulation, often provides solutions that incur relatively low or no extra cost. In this paper, a simulation-based optimization approach is proposed for the optimal set-point regulation of HVAC system. For this purpose, we developed dynamic models for the target HVAC system that can simulate system behaviour at intervals of one minute. The set-point values were optimized while assessing controllability. The optimization of set-points that considered only energy efficiency led to various faults and therefore, was not applicable. However, optimal set-points obtained by considering controllability can help avoid significant faults.
{"title":"Optimal set-point regulation in HVAC system for controllability and energy efficiency","authors":"S. Miyata, Jongyeon Lim, Y. Akashi, Y. Kuwahara","doi":"10.1080/17512549.2019.1578263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17512549.2019.1578263","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The energy management of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system is a primary concern in building projects. Although they allow us to identify opportunities for effective energy use, their cost can sometimes exceed the energy saved. On the contrary, controller tuning by e.g. set-point regulation, often provides solutions that incur relatively low or no extra cost. In this paper, a simulation-based optimization approach is proposed for the optimal set-point regulation of HVAC system. For this purpose, we developed dynamic models for the target HVAC system that can simulate system behaviour at intervals of one minute. The set-point values were optimized while assessing controllability. The optimization of set-points that considered only energy efficiency led to various faults and therefore, was not applicable. However, optimal set-points obtained by considering controllability can help avoid significant faults.","PeriodicalId":46184,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Building Energy Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"160 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17512549.2019.1578263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41487652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/17512549.2019.1591299
Kwan-ho Lee, G. Levermore
ABSTRACT This study aims to estimate surface solar irradiation using sky view factor (SVF), sunshine factor (SF) and solar irradiation models by the fish-eye image. The SVF and the SF contribute the solar irradiation for shielding from the sky and obtaining from the sunshine. It is possible to generate the SVF and the SF values for calculating from the simple geometric measurements, fisheye images, and simple model. The case study is a new building in Ulsan and looking for the best orientation and slope using the drone with a fisheye lens. The study demonstrates that the SVF and the SF analysis using fish-eye image is a useful and effective tool for design, optimization and performance evaluation of solar technologies and building energy for any geographical locations and buildings.
{"title":"Estimation of surface solar irradiation using sky view factor, sunshine factor and solar irradiation models according to geometry and buildings","authors":"Kwan-ho Lee, G. Levermore","doi":"10.1080/17512549.2019.1591299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17512549.2019.1591299","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aims to estimate surface solar irradiation using sky view factor (SVF), sunshine factor (SF) and solar irradiation models by the fish-eye image. The SVF and the SF contribute the solar irradiation for shielding from the sky and obtaining from the sunshine. It is possible to generate the SVF and the SF values for calculating from the simple geometric measurements, fisheye images, and simple model. The case study is a new building in Ulsan and looking for the best orientation and slope using the drone with a fisheye lens. The study demonstrates that the SVF and the SF analysis using fish-eye image is a useful and effective tool for design, optimization and performance evaluation of solar technologies and building energy for any geographical locations and buildings.","PeriodicalId":46184,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Building Energy Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"189 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17512549.2019.1591299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48935109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1080/17512549.2020.1746928
Sanjay Kumar, A. Mathur, Rajeev Kukreja, A. Bagha
ABSTRACT Improved quality of the thermal environment in hostel buildings will have a constructive role in the health, learning and overall productivity of student’s activities. We, therefore, conducted a thermal comfort field study in two mid-rise naturally ventilated (NV) hostel buildings during rainy days (August–September, 2018). The field study conducted for three consecutive weeks collecting 642 valid subjective responses (out of 679 sample) with objective information of thermal environments in 253 rooms at different floor levels. Statistical analysis of measured thermal variables was performed for assessing the effects on student’s thermal perception considering inter buildings effects, different weather conditions and different daytime duration, respectively. The study reported higher comfort bandwidth of 25.2–33.3°C for the studied group. Results of present study are compared with Predicted Mean Vote (PMV), Predicted Mean Vote with expectancy factor (PMVe) and adaptive Predicted Mean Vote (aPMV). aPMV is observed to be more reliable than PMV and PMVe to estimate the actual thermal sensation of occupants. Further, field study results are showing good agreement with the adaptive comfort models for NV buildings in India. Highlights Study quantifies thermal environments of two multi-storey NV hostel buildings. About 76% responses voted comfortable (±1 TS scale). Comfort bandwidth for occupant's ranges between 25.2–33.3°C for the study period. aPMV model of thermal comfort predicts TS more closely than PMV or PMVe model. Indian composite climate-specific adaptive models fit better with present data base.
{"title":"Quantification of thermal environments and comfort expectations of residents in hostel dormitories during hot and humid days in Indian composite climate","authors":"Sanjay Kumar, A. Mathur, Rajeev Kukreja, A. Bagha","doi":"10.1080/17512549.2020.1746928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17512549.2020.1746928","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Improved quality of the thermal environment in hostel buildings will have a constructive role in the health, learning and overall productivity of student’s activities. We, therefore, conducted a thermal comfort field study in two mid-rise naturally ventilated (NV) hostel buildings during rainy days (August–September, 2018). The field study conducted for three consecutive weeks collecting 642 valid subjective responses (out of 679 sample) with objective information of thermal environments in 253 rooms at different floor levels. Statistical analysis of measured thermal variables was performed for assessing the effects on student’s thermal perception considering inter buildings effects, different weather conditions and different daytime duration, respectively. The study reported higher comfort bandwidth of 25.2–33.3°C for the studied group. Results of present study are compared with Predicted Mean Vote (PMV), Predicted Mean Vote with expectancy factor (PMVe) and adaptive Predicted Mean Vote (aPMV). aPMV is observed to be more reliable than PMV and PMVe to estimate the actual thermal sensation of occupants. Further, field study results are showing good agreement with the adaptive comfort models for NV buildings in India. Highlights Study quantifies thermal environments of two multi-storey NV hostel buildings. About 76% responses voted comfortable (±1 TS scale). Comfort bandwidth for occupant's ranges between 25.2–33.3°C for the study period. aPMV model of thermal comfort predicts TS more closely than PMV or PMVe model. Indian composite climate-specific adaptive models fit better with present data base.","PeriodicalId":46184,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Building Energy Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"1 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17512549.2020.1746928","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43849249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-20DOI: 10.1080/17512549.2020.1730239
Mohammad A. Hossain, Arash Khalilnejad, Rojiar Haddadian, Ethan M Pickering, R. French, A. Abramson
ABSTRACT Rigorous statistical analysis of whole building, 15-minute interval, time series electricity data enables remote insights into buildings’ operational characteristics. We developed select building markers and applied them to six commercial office buildings located in three different climate zones for comparison. The building markers reveal information about daily operational patterns, scheduling, and the ratio of base to peak load. Time series analysis, clustering, anomaly detection, diffusion index-based forecasting, first-order energy differential, data visualization and data mining techniques were used for marker development. The daily operational pattern marker identifies weekday and weekend energy consumption patterns and was used here to quantify opportunities for alternative weekend energy scheduling to reduce energy consumption. The scheduling marker recognizes the turn-on and turn-off times for HVAC and other scheduled equipment. Here, we quantified an alternative HVAC schedule can reduce on average 2.7% energy consumption in the office buildings. The base to peak load ratio marker identified that the selected office buildings could reduce their baseload by using more aggressive night and weekend temperature setbacks. Ultimately, these building marker functions may be employed on any whole building electricity datasets to gain insights to building operation and characteristics, enabling improved identification of potential energy savings measures.
{"title":"Data analytics applied to the electricity consumption of office buildings to reveal building operational characteristics","authors":"Mohammad A. Hossain, Arash Khalilnejad, Rojiar Haddadian, Ethan M Pickering, R. French, A. Abramson","doi":"10.1080/17512549.2020.1730239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17512549.2020.1730239","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rigorous statistical analysis of whole building, 15-minute interval, time series electricity data enables remote insights into buildings’ operational characteristics. We developed select building markers and applied them to six commercial office buildings located in three different climate zones for comparison. The building markers reveal information about daily operational patterns, scheduling, and the ratio of base to peak load. Time series analysis, clustering, anomaly detection, diffusion index-based forecasting, first-order energy differential, data visualization and data mining techniques were used for marker development. The daily operational pattern marker identifies weekday and weekend energy consumption patterns and was used here to quantify opportunities for alternative weekend energy scheduling to reduce energy consumption. The scheduling marker recognizes the turn-on and turn-off times for HVAC and other scheduled equipment. Here, we quantified an alternative HVAC schedule can reduce on average 2.7% energy consumption in the office buildings. The base to peak load ratio marker identified that the selected office buildings could reduce their baseload by using more aggressive night and weekend temperature setbacks. Ultimately, these building marker functions may be employed on any whole building electricity datasets to gain insights to building operation and characteristics, enabling improved identification of potential energy savings measures.","PeriodicalId":46184,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Building Energy Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"755 - 773"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17512549.2020.1730239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43551103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-31DOI: 10.1080/17512549.2020.1720812
Hadia Awad, M. Gül, M. Al-Hussein
ABSTRACT The integration of solar energy systems into residential buildings is an emerging trend worldwide and is an important method of mitigating the impact of housing on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To achieve optimal energy performance, particularly in cold-climate regions, the generating capacity of solar photovoltaic systems (PVs) as well as their corresponding GHG emissions offsets must be investigated. In the present paper the energy generation of 86 PV sites in northerly latitudes is analysed to investigate their actual long-term performance considering various parameters. Energy payback time (EPBT) and GHG emissions of the monitored PV systems are also investigated and key parameters influencing both EPBT and GHG emissions are identified. Results indicate that there is a correlation between a solar PV layout setting and its EPBT and GHG emissions. Other results include the solar PV potential benchmarking in each of the cities where the study is conducted and the recommended layout placement in order to maximise the annual energy aggregate of PV systems and thus minimize their EPBT and GHG emissions.
{"title":"Long-term performance and GHG emission offset analysis of small-scale grid-tied residential solar PV systems in northerly latitudes","authors":"Hadia Awad, M. Gül, M. Al-Hussein","doi":"10.1080/17512549.2020.1720812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17512549.2020.1720812","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The integration of solar energy systems into residential buildings is an emerging trend worldwide and is an important method of mitigating the impact of housing on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To achieve optimal energy performance, particularly in cold-climate regions, the generating capacity of solar photovoltaic systems (PVs) as well as their corresponding GHG emissions offsets must be investigated. In the present paper the energy generation of 86 PV sites in northerly latitudes is analysed to investigate their actual long-term performance considering various parameters. Energy payback time (EPBT) and GHG emissions of the monitored PV systems are also investigated and key parameters influencing both EPBT and GHG emissions are identified. Results indicate that there is a correlation between a solar PV layout setting and its EPBT and GHG emissions. Other results include the solar PV potential benchmarking in each of the cities where the study is conducted and the recommended layout placement in order to maximise the annual energy aggregate of PV systems and thus minimize their EPBT and GHG emissions.","PeriodicalId":46184,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Building Energy Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"733 - 754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17512549.2020.1720812","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44124743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-18DOI: 10.1080/17512549.2019.1703812
Haidar Alhaidary, A. Al-Tamimi, Hashim Al-Wakil
ABSTRACT Climate change has driven energy conservation into buildings, pressuring engineers into developing newer energy efficient buildings and effectively retrofitting the older ones. This research presents a practical method of creating an energy model of a modern office building using a Building Information Modelling (BIM) – Infra-Red Thermography (IRT) – Heat Flux sensors (HFS) framework that ensures a high level of accuracy with relative ease. The energy model is created with little input of the HVAC system, simulating real-life lack-of-information scenarios, and subsequently verified with consumption data extracted from the building’s own energy metre and the district’s chiller plant it’s connected to. The calibrated model is then used to investigate various passive heat-gain reduction measures through the building envelope such as the effect of the building’s orientation, shading, insulation levels, and window performance. Limitations of conserving energy through the building envelope were highlighted through the law of diminishing returns and the SHGC was pointed out to be the single most effective thermophysical window property in conserving energy. Numerically, the replacement of the windows saved 1.6% compared to the total 2.77% of energy saved. The study focuses on the climate of the United Arab Emirates and furthermore evaluates some BIM interoperability challenges.
{"title":"The combined use of BIM, IR thermography and HFS for energy modelling of existing buildings and minimising heat gain through the building envelope: a case-study from a UAE building","authors":"Haidar Alhaidary, A. Al-Tamimi, Hashim Al-Wakil","doi":"10.1080/17512549.2019.1703812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17512549.2019.1703812","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Climate change has driven energy conservation into buildings, pressuring engineers into developing newer energy efficient buildings and effectively retrofitting the older ones. This research presents a practical method of creating an energy model of a modern office building using a Building Information Modelling (BIM) – Infra-Red Thermography (IRT) – Heat Flux sensors (HFS) framework that ensures a high level of accuracy with relative ease. The energy model is created with little input of the HVAC system, simulating real-life lack-of-information scenarios, and subsequently verified with consumption data extracted from the building’s own energy metre and the district’s chiller plant it’s connected to. The calibrated model is then used to investigate various passive heat-gain reduction measures through the building envelope such as the effect of the building’s orientation, shading, insulation levels, and window performance. Limitations of conserving energy through the building envelope were highlighted through the law of diminishing returns and the SHGC was pointed out to be the single most effective thermophysical window property in conserving energy. Numerically, the replacement of the windows saved 1.6% compared to the total 2.77% of energy saved. The study focuses on the climate of the United Arab Emirates and furthermore evaluates some BIM interoperability challenges.","PeriodicalId":46184,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Building Energy Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"709 - 732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17512549.2019.1703812","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47969815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-17DOI: 10.1080/17512549.2019.1702586
M. Whittaker, Konstantinos Grigoriadis, M. Soutsos, W. Sha, A. Klinge, S. Paganoni, M. Casado, L. Brander, M. Mousavi, M. Scullin, R. Correia, T. Zerbi, G. Staiano, I. Merli, I. Ingrosso, A. Attanasio, A. Largo
ABSTRACT The EU Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC states that all member states should take all necessary measures in order to achieve at least 70% re-use, recycling or other recovery of non-hazardous Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) by 2020. In response, the Horizon 2020 RE4 project consortium (REuse and REcycling of CDW materials and structures in energy efficient pREfabricated elements for building REfurbishment and construction) consisting of 12 research and industrial partners across Europe, plus a research partner from Taiwan, was set up. For its success, the approach of the Project was manifold, developing sorting technologies to first improve the quality of CDW-derived aggregate. Simultaneously, CDW streams were assessed for quality and novel applications developed for aggregate, timber and plastic waste in a variety of products including structural and non-structural elements. With all products considered, innovative building concepts have been designed in a bid to improve future reuse and recycling of the products by promoting prefabricated construction methods and modular design to ease future recycling and increase value of the construction industry. The developed technologies and products have been put to the test in different test sites in building a two-storey house containing at least 65% of CDW.
{"title":"Novel construction and demolition waste (CDW) treatment and uses to maximize reuse and recycling","authors":"M. Whittaker, Konstantinos Grigoriadis, M. Soutsos, W. Sha, A. Klinge, S. Paganoni, M. Casado, L. Brander, M. Mousavi, M. Scullin, R. Correia, T. Zerbi, G. Staiano, I. Merli, I. Ingrosso, A. Attanasio, A. Largo","doi":"10.1080/17512549.2019.1702586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17512549.2019.1702586","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The EU Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC states that all member states should take all necessary measures in order to achieve at least 70% re-use, recycling or other recovery of non-hazardous Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) by 2020. In response, the Horizon 2020 RE4 project consortium (REuse and REcycling of CDW materials and structures in energy efficient pREfabricated elements for building REfurbishment and construction) consisting of 12 research and industrial partners across Europe, plus a research partner from Taiwan, was set up. For its success, the approach of the Project was manifold, developing sorting technologies to first improve the quality of CDW-derived aggregate. Simultaneously, CDW streams were assessed for quality and novel applications developed for aggregate, timber and plastic waste in a variety of products including structural and non-structural elements. With all products considered, innovative building concepts have been designed in a bid to improve future reuse and recycling of the products by promoting prefabricated construction methods and modular design to ease future recycling and increase value of the construction industry. The developed technologies and products have been put to the test in different test sites in building a two-storey house containing at least 65% of CDW.","PeriodicalId":46184,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Building Energy Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"253 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17512549.2019.1702586","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46987392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-06DOI: 10.1080/17512549.2019.1692070
D. Yarbrough, Mark Bomberg, A. Romanska-Zapala
ABSTRACT Knowledge accumulated in the past from observed construction failures has formed the basis for a predictive capability. More recently, it has been observed that interactions between energy efficiency, indoor environmental quality and moisture management are important and should be considered simultaneously. As a result, the term ‘indoor environmental control’ has become a focus of the building-science community. Forty years ago, in Canada, 10 passive houses were built, but broad public acceptance of this new technology waited for almost 20 years. Now, 40 years later, we are coming to the stage of implementing low energy-use technologies, and questions about how to accelerate public acceptance remains a challenge. We believe that the role of the academic community must be broadened to include active collaboration with authorities that control construction through codes and standards. As an example, a new compact design package called ‘environmental quality management’ (EQM) that is applicable to different climates with modifications of some hygrothermal properties is proposed. In this position paper, the concept of EQM follows from an examination of the history of building science with projection into the future. Building science (physics) is needed to provide direction for the transition to the ‘sustainable built environment’.
{"title":"On the next generation of low energy buildings","authors":"D. Yarbrough, Mark Bomberg, A. Romanska-Zapala","doi":"10.1080/17512549.2019.1692070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17512549.2019.1692070","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Knowledge accumulated in the past from observed construction failures has formed the basis for a predictive capability. More recently, it has been observed that interactions between energy efficiency, indoor environmental quality and moisture management are important and should be considered simultaneously. As a result, the term ‘indoor environmental control’ has become a focus of the building-science community. Forty years ago, in Canada, 10 passive houses were built, but broad public acceptance of this new technology waited for almost 20 years. Now, 40 years later, we are coming to the stage of implementing low energy-use technologies, and questions about how to accelerate public acceptance remains a challenge. We believe that the role of the academic community must be broadened to include active collaboration with authorities that control construction through codes and standards. As an example, a new compact design package called ‘environmental quality management’ (EQM) that is applicable to different climates with modifications of some hygrothermal properties is proposed. In this position paper, the concept of EQM follows from an examination of the history of building science with projection into the future. Building science (physics) is needed to provide direction for the transition to the ‘sustainable built environment’.","PeriodicalId":46184,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Building Energy Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"223 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17512549.2019.1692070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46271767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-05DOI: 10.1080/17512549.2019.1699858
Sam Moayedi, Hamed Nabizadeh Rafsanjani, S. Shom, M. Alahmad, C. Ahn
ABSTRACT Electricity generation continue to increase to meet the ever-growing demand of the built environment. Building’s miscellaneous plug loads are targeted for energy savings potentials. However, to achieve these savings, monitoring their energy consumption and providing comprehensive real-time energy usage information to the end-user is paramount. Real-time energy monitoring devices are significant tools for this purpose. However, deploying these devices for each load and for entire building, is cost-prohibitive. An alternative approach is to deploy tools to remotely identify the location of active-loads in real-time. This research proposes the development of the Energy Node Locating Method (ENLM) platform that remotely locates and measures power consuming loads at every electrical node, in the building, in real-time based on Sequence Time Domain Reflectometry (STDR). The proposed ENLM utilizes the measured time-delay between an injected and reflected signal at a branch circuit from any connected load to calculate the length of the physical wire to identify the location of energy usage. This information with real-time power consumption data are correlated with occupant’s entry data to identify where and how much energy is used. Various tests are conducted to validate the proposed platform, and the results confirm the validity of the platform.
{"title":"Real-time remote energy consumption location for power management application","authors":"Sam Moayedi, Hamed Nabizadeh Rafsanjani, S. Shom, M. Alahmad, C. Ahn","doi":"10.1080/17512549.2019.1699858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17512549.2019.1699858","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Electricity generation continue to increase to meet the ever-growing demand of the built environment. Building’s miscellaneous plug loads are targeted for energy savings potentials. However, to achieve these savings, monitoring their energy consumption and providing comprehensive real-time energy usage information to the end-user is paramount. Real-time energy monitoring devices are significant tools for this purpose. However, deploying these devices for each load and for entire building, is cost-prohibitive. An alternative approach is to deploy tools to remotely identify the location of active-loads in real-time. This research proposes the development of the Energy Node Locating Method (ENLM) platform that remotely locates and measures power consuming loads at every electrical node, in the building, in real-time based on Sequence Time Domain Reflectometry (STDR). The proposed ENLM utilizes the measured time-delay between an injected and reflected signal at a branch circuit from any connected load to calculate the length of the physical wire to identify the location of energy usage. This information with real-time power consumption data are correlated with occupant’s entry data to identify where and how much energy is used. Various tests are conducted to validate the proposed platform, and the results confirm the validity of the platform.","PeriodicalId":46184,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Building Energy Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"662 - 682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17512549.2019.1699858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49520071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-02DOI: 10.1080/17512549.2019.1697752
I. Colombo, M. Colombo, M. di Prisco, B. Galzerano, L. Verdolotti
ABSTRACT Precast sandwich panels, characterized by external textile reinforced concrete (TRC) layers and an inner insulation core, represent a convenient system for energy retrofitting of existing façades. These elements fulfil all the requirements for façade systems and constitute a valid alternative to both external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) and ventilated façades. The main feature of this kind of panel is that it could be applied on an existing façade through four punctual connectors by means of a crane, without any scaffolding. The paper provides a solution that has been firstly designed within the European project ‘EASEE’ and it is now being developed in the ‘Smart P.I.QU.E.R.’ project, supported by Lombardy Region (Italy). Basing on the experience gained in the European project, the partners are trying to overcome some criticisms previously encountered, related to the use of expanded polystyrene as insulation material, the cost of the anchoring system and aesthetical issues related to TRC cracking. The main innovations concern: the development of a new eco-friendly insulation material based on inorganic diatomite; the optimization of TRC layers; the development of a new anchoring system. This paper focuses on the research developed at the material level referring to both external layers and insulating core.
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