Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/a000235
K. Brinkmann, G. Gendolla
Abstract. Based on reported motivational deficits in depression – and on persistence deficits in particular – the present study examined whether dysphoric individuals benefit from task contexts tha...
摘要基于已报道的抑郁症的动机缺陷，特别是持久性缺陷，本研究调查了烦躁的个体是否从任务环境中受益……
{"title":"When Should I Stop? Dysphoria Leads to Impaired Task Persistence via Negative Mood","authors":"K. Brinkmann, G. Gendolla","doi":"10.1024/1421-0185/a000235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000235","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Based on reported motivational deficits in depression – and on persistence deficits in particular – the present study examined whether dysphoric individuals benefit from task contexts tha...","PeriodicalId":46193,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42276109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/A000230
Alex Bertrams, L. Althaus, Tina Boss, P. Furrer, Ladina C. Jegher, Paulina Soszynska, Vinzenz Tschumi
Abstract. The color red has been shown to affect psychological functioning. In performance settings, it is associated with negative emotions, avoidance motivation, and cognitive restriction. Becaus...
摘要红色已被证明会影响心理功能。在表演环境中，它与负面情绪、回避动机和认知限制有关。由于……
{"title":"Using Red Font Influences the Emotional Perception of Critical Performance Feedback","authors":"Alex Bertrams, L. Althaus, Tina Boss, P. Furrer, Ladina C. Jegher, Paulina Soszynska, Vinzenz Tschumi","doi":"10.1024/1421-0185/A000230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/A000230","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The color red has been shown to affect psychological functioning. In performance settings, it is associated with negative emotions, avoidance motivation, and cognitive restriction. Becaus...","PeriodicalId":46193,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57225892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/A000232
S. J. Kühne, E. Reijnen, A. Crameri
Abstract. Defaults are an effective tool in shaping consumers’ decisions. However, only a few studies have investigated the role of defaults regarding consumers’ choices of electricity products. Mo...
摘要违约是影响消费者决策的有效工具。然而，只有少数研究调查了违约在消费者选择电力产品中的作用。莫…
{"title":"When Too Few Is Bad for the Environment","authors":"S. J. Kühne, E. Reijnen, A. Crameri","doi":"10.1024/1421-0185/A000232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/A000232","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Defaults are an effective tool in shaping consumers’ decisions. However, only a few studies have investigated the role of defaults regarding consumers’ choices of electricity products. Mo...","PeriodicalId":46193,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57225900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/A000231
Giulia Pugnaghi, Robert Schnuerch, H. Gibbons, D. Memmert, C. Kreitz
Abstract. The two hemispheres of the human brain are asymmetrically involved in representing a person’s motivational orientation: Approach motivation is reflected in greater activation of the left hemisphere, whereas avoidance motivation more strongly activates the right hemisphere. Visuospatial bias, as assessed in the line-bisection task, is often used as a simple behavioral measure of relative hemispheric activation. In three experiments, we investigated whether affect-induced approach and avoidance motivation are associated with spatial biases in line-bisection performance. Happy or terrifying pictures (Experiment 1, N = 70), happy or sad music (Experiment 2, N = 50), and joyful or frightening videos (Experiment 3, N = 90) were used to induce negative and positive affect. Mood-induction procedures successfully changed emotional states in the intended direction. However, our analyses revealed no effect of mood on visuospatial biases in the line-bisection task. Additional Bayesian analyses also provided more evidence against the hypothesized effect than in favor of it. Thus, visuospatial bias in line bisection does not seem to be a sensitive measure of approach and avoidance motivation induced by positive and negative affect.
{"title":"The Other End of the Line","authors":"Giulia Pugnaghi, Robert Schnuerch, H. Gibbons, D. Memmert, C. Kreitz","doi":"10.1024/1421-0185/A000231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/A000231","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The two hemispheres of the human brain are asymmetrically involved in representing a person’s motivational orientation: Approach motivation is reflected in greater activation of the left hemisphere, whereas avoidance motivation more strongly activates the right hemisphere. Visuospatial bias, as assessed in the line-bisection task, is often used as a simple behavioral measure of relative hemispheric activation. In three experiments, we investigated whether affect-induced approach and avoidance motivation are associated with spatial biases in line-bisection performance. Happy or terrifying pictures (Experiment 1, N = 70), happy or sad music (Experiment 2, N = 50), and joyful or frightening videos (Experiment 3, N = 90) were used to induce negative and positive affect. Mood-induction procedures successfully changed emotional states in the intended direction. However, our analyses revealed no effect of mood on visuospatial biases in the line-bisection task. Additional Bayesian analyses also provided more evidence against the hypothesized effect than in favor of it. Thus, visuospatial bias in line bisection does not seem to be a sensitive measure of approach and avoidance motivation induced by positive and negative affect.","PeriodicalId":46193,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49637193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/a000233
Jean Philippe Décieux, P. Sischka, Anette Schumacher, Helmut Willems
Abstract. General self-efficacy is a central personality trait often evaluated in surveys as context variable. It can be interpreted as a personal coping resource reflecting individual belief in on...
{"title":"Psychometrical Properties of a French Version of the General Self-Efficacy Short Scale (ASKU)","authors":"Jean Philippe Décieux, P. Sischka, Anette Schumacher, Helmut Willems","doi":"10.1024/1421-0185/a000233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000233","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. General self-efficacy is a central personality trait often evaluated in surveys as context variable. It can be interpreted as a personal coping resource reflecting individual belief in on...","PeriodicalId":46193,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57225949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-12DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/A000227
Natia Sordia, K. Martskvishvili, A. Neubauer
Abstract. Creative potential realized in creative achievement changes the world and defines progress. Accordingly, the investigation of factors that contribute to the process of achieving creative accomplishments seems essential. The relationship between creativity and personality was a thoroughly studied subject almost from the very beginning of creativity research, yet even today it is still unclear whether emotion-related personality traits – specifically, trait emotional intelligence and emotional creativity – are the driving factors that help individuals with creative potential to gain creative achievements. In this study, 342 participants ( Mage = 21.87, SD = 5.84) took the Alternative Uses and Instances tasks (creative potential); the Inventory of Creative Activities and Achievements (ICAA); the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue); and the Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI). Results show that trait emotional intelligence (specifically, the sociability factor) and emotional creativity (namely, the novelty aspect) moderate the relationship between creative potential and creative achievements, while this relationship is mediated by creative activities. The study provides insight into which emotional personality traits can facilitate the path from creative potential to real-life creative achievements.
{"title":"From Creative Potential to Creative Achievements","authors":"Natia Sordia, K. Martskvishvili, A. Neubauer","doi":"10.1024/1421-0185/A000227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/A000227","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Creative potential realized in creative achievement changes the world and defines progress. Accordingly, the investigation of factors that contribute to the process of achieving creative accomplishments seems essential. The relationship between creativity and personality was a thoroughly studied subject almost from the very beginning of creativity research, yet even today it is still unclear whether emotion-related personality traits – specifically, trait emotional intelligence and emotional creativity – are the driving factors that help individuals with creative potential to gain creative achievements. In this study, 342 participants ( Mage = 21.87, SD = 5.84) took the Alternative Uses and Instances tasks (creative potential); the Inventory of Creative Activities and Achievements (ICAA); the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue); and the Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI). Results show that trait emotional intelligence (specifically, the sociability factor) and emotional creativity (namely, the novelty aspect) moderate the relationship between creative potential and creative achievements, while this relationship is mediated by creative activities. The study provides insight into which emotional personality traits can facilitate the path from creative potential to real-life creative achievements.","PeriodicalId":46193,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43037820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-12DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/A000228
A. Szabó, Rita Kovácsik
Abstract. There are approximately 1,000 published articles on exercise addiction, which is characterized by exaggerated training yielding adverse effects. In contrast, there are less than 20 identified cases of exercise addiction in the literature. Recently, it was reported that there is an association between exercise addiction and passion. To test the impact of the latter on exercise addiction, we reanalyzed the combined data from two recent studies. High- and low-exercise volume groups differed in exercise addiction even after controlling for age and sex ( p < .001). However, after adding obsessive and harmonious passion as continuous predictor variables, the statistical significance vanished, whereas both predictors emerged as significant ( p < .001). Further, when controlled for the effect of passion, the correlation between exercise addiction and weekly exercise volume turned out to be negative. Therefore, a conceptual confound between the presumed risk of exercise addiction and passion could render the results of several hundreds of published works questionable. The current findings send an important message to scholars in the field: Studying exercise addiction without controlling for passion may yield false results.
{"title":"When Passion Appears, Exercise Addiction Disappears","authors":"A. Szabó, Rita Kovácsik","doi":"10.1024/1421-0185/A000228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/A000228","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. There are approximately 1,000 published articles on exercise addiction, which is characterized by exaggerated training yielding adverse effects. In contrast, there are less than 20 identified cases of exercise addiction in the literature. Recently, it was reported that there is an association between exercise addiction and passion. To test the impact of the latter on exercise addiction, we reanalyzed the combined data from two recent studies. High- and low-exercise volume groups differed in exercise addiction even after controlling for age and sex ( p < .001). However, after adding obsessive and harmonious passion as continuous predictor variables, the statistical significance vanished, whereas both predictors emerged as significant ( p < .001). Further, when controlled for the effect of passion, the correlation between exercise addiction and weekly exercise volume turned out to be negative. Therefore, a conceptual confound between the presumed risk of exercise addiction and passion could render the results of several hundreds of published works questionable. The current findings send an important message to scholars in the field: Studying exercise addiction without controlling for passion may yield false results.","PeriodicalId":46193,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47300376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-12DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/A000225
Marco Bleiker, Anja Gampe, Moritz M. Daum
Abstract. This study investigated the relationship between type of childcare and toddlers’ skills in four important developmental domains: motor, cognitive, social, and language. A total of 637 children aged 18 and 24 months were either cared for exclusively at home by their parents or relatives ( home-care group) or attended a daycare center for a minimum of 2 days per week ( center-care group). We tested the children’s skills using standard assessment tools and compared the skills of the two care groups. The results suggest that, for the sample tested, childcare type is not related to toddler’s cognitive, motor, social, and language skills.
{"title":"Effects of the Type of Childcare on Toddlers’ Motor, Social, Cognitive, and Language Skills","authors":"Marco Bleiker, Anja Gampe, Moritz M. Daum","doi":"10.1024/1421-0185/A000225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/A000225","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This study investigated the relationship between type of childcare and toddlers’ skills in four important developmental domains: motor, cognitive, social, and language. A total of 637 children aged 18 and 24 months were either cared for exclusively at home by their parents or relatives ( home-care group) or attended a daycare center for a minimum of 2 days per week ( center-care group). We tested the children’s skills using standard assessment tools and compared the skills of the two care groups. The results suggest that, for the sample tested, childcare type is not related to toddler’s cognitive, motor, social, and language skills.","PeriodicalId":46193,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42628988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-12DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/A000226
R. Servidio, F. C. Francés, A. Bertucci
Abstract. The risks emanating from the abusive use of the Internet are on the rise, especially among young adults causing psychological problems in their social and personal lifestyles. To date, there are only two validated measures in the Italian language to measure the risk of Internet addiction. This study served to validate an Italian version of the Internet Abusive Use Questionnaire (IAUQ-I) via a translation-back-translation process. A sample of 289 Italian university students participated in the study (73.70% females). The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis established the unidimensional factorial structure of the scale. Validity and reliability analyses indicated adequate results concerning the psychometric properties of the Italian IAUQ-I. We also found an association between IAUQ-I and self-esteem, and personality traits. This study shows that the IAUQ-I represents a valid instrument for measuring the abusive use of the Internet and could be used not only for further epidemiological studies, but also to inform practitioners working with persons addicted to technology.
{"title":"Assessing the Psychometric Properties of the Internet Abusive Use Questionnaire in Italian University Students","authors":"R. Servidio, F. C. Francés, A. Bertucci","doi":"10.1024/1421-0185/A000226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/A000226","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The risks emanating from the abusive use of the Internet are on the rise, especially among young adults causing psychological problems in their social and personal lifestyles. To date, there are only two validated measures in the Italian language to measure the risk of Internet addiction. This study served to validate an Italian version of the Internet Abusive Use Questionnaire (IAUQ-I) via a translation-back-translation process. A sample of 289 Italian university students participated in the study (73.70% females). The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis established the unidimensional factorial structure of the scale. Validity and reliability analyses indicated adequate results concerning the psychometric properties of the Italian IAUQ-I. We also found an association between IAUQ-I and self-esteem, and personality traits. This study shows that the IAUQ-I represents a valid instrument for measuring the abusive use of the Internet and could be used not only for further epidemiological studies, but also to inform practitioners working with persons addicted to technology.","PeriodicalId":46193,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44448930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-12DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/A000229
Bo Wang, Chaoyong Zhao
Abstract. Testing effect refers to the phenomenon that, relative to relearning, retrieval practice enhances delayed memory performance. In two experiments, this study tested the retrieval effort theory proposed to explain the enhancement effect of testing. In Experiment 1, participants learned English words with their corresponding Chinese definitions. Then they were tested on half of the encoded items and restudied the remaining half under three delays after encoding (0 min, 20 min, and 40 min). All participants took delayed memory tests 60 min after the end of the initial encoding phase. The result showed that testing conducted 20 min after encoding, but not immediately or 40 min after encoding, enhanced memory retention. In Experiment 2, feedback was provided to ensure more equitable exposure across the conditions, and then the final memory test was conducted 24 h after the end of learning. The result showed that testing enhanced memory retention across the three delay conditions, and that the size of the testing effect increased with the extension of the interval between initial learning and retrieval practice, thus providing support for the retrieval theory.
{"title":"Testing the Retrieval Effort Theory","authors":"Bo Wang, Chaoyong Zhao","doi":"10.1024/1421-0185/A000229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/A000229","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Testing effect refers to the phenomenon that, relative to relearning, retrieval practice enhances delayed memory performance. In two experiments, this study tested the retrieval effort theory proposed to explain the enhancement effect of testing. In Experiment 1, participants learned English words with their corresponding Chinese definitions. Then they were tested on half of the encoded items and restudied the remaining half under three delays after encoding (0 min, 20 min, and 40 min). All participants took delayed memory tests 60 min after the end of the initial encoding phase. The result showed that testing conducted 20 min after encoding, but not immediately or 40 min after encoding, enhanced memory retention. In Experiment 2, feedback was provided to ensure more equitable exposure across the conditions, and then the final memory test was conducted 24 h after the end of learning. The result showed that testing enhanced memory retention across the three delay conditions, and that the size of the testing effect increased with the extension of the interval between initial learning and retrieval practice, thus providing support for the retrieval theory.","PeriodicalId":46193,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42526487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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