Pub Date : 2016-09-15DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/A000184
L. Auzoult, V. Kubiszewski, Sandrine Hardy-Massard
Abstract. A study by Wiekens and Stapel (2010) highlights the existence of individualistic and social standards of self-regulation associated with a heightened level of self-awareness or self-consciousness. This study aimed to replicate one of the original studies and to introduce a new individualistic standard expressing perseverance in effort. A total of 247 students completed a questionnaire measuring these different standards and private and public self-consciousness. The results confirmed the relevance of the typology of standards of self-regulation introduced by Wiekens and Stapel. They also confirmed that a standard of perseverance in effort is associated with private self-consciousness.
{"title":"Perseverance in the Effort: A New Standard of Self-Regulation Associated to Private Self-Consciousness","authors":"L. Auzoult, V. Kubiszewski, Sandrine Hardy-Massard","doi":"10.1024/1421-0185/A000184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/A000184","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A study by Wiekens and Stapel (2010) highlights the existence of individualistic and social standards of self-regulation associated with a heightened level of self-awareness or self-consciousness. This study aimed to replicate one of the original studies and to introduce a new individualistic standard expressing perseverance in effort. A total of 247 students completed a questionnaire measuring these different standards and private and public self-consciousness. The results confirmed the relevance of the typology of standards of self-regulation introduced by Wiekens and Stapel. They also confirmed that a standard of perseverance in effort is associated with private self-consciousness.","PeriodicalId":46193,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Journal of Psychology","volume":"75 1","pages":"182-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57225997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-15DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/A000179
C. Englert, Alex Bertrams
Abstract. The detrimental effects of anxiety on cognitive performance have been explained by the activation of worry, which detracts attention away from the task at hand. However, recent research showed that anxiety is related to performance only when self-control capacity is low (i.e., ego depletion). The present work extends these findings by showing that activation of worry interferes with cognitive performance more strongly when self-control capacity is momentarily depleted as compared to intact. After manipulations of self-control capacity and worry activation, 70 undergraduates completed a standardized intelligence test. As expected, activation of worry was associated with poorer performance when self-control capacity was depleted, but had no effect on performance when self-control capacity was intact. The findings indicate that worry may play a causal role in the anxiety–performance relationship, but only when its regulation by self-control is momentarily hindered.
{"title":"Worry Activation Impairs Intelligence Test Performance Only Under Ego Depletion","authors":"C. Englert, Alex Bertrams","doi":"10.1024/1421-0185/A000179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/A000179","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The detrimental effects of anxiety on cognitive performance have been explained by the activation of worry, which detracts attention away from the task at hand. However, recent research showed that anxiety is related to performance only when self-control capacity is low (i.e., ego depletion). The present work extends these findings by showing that activation of worry interferes with cognitive performance more strongly when self-control capacity is momentarily depleted as compared to intact. After manipulations of self-control capacity and worry activation, 70 undergraduates completed a standardized intelligence test. As expected, activation of worry was associated with poorer performance when self-control capacity was depleted, but had no effect on performance when self-control capacity was intact. The findings indicate that worry may play a causal role in the anxiety–performance relationship, but only when its regulation by self-control is momentarily hindered.","PeriodicalId":46193,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Journal of Psychology","volume":"75 1","pages":"161-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57225864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-15DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/A000182
M. Zemp, G. Bodenmann, S. Backes, Dorothee Sutter-Stickel, T. Bradbury
Abstract. Although children are known to be highly sensitive to interparental conflict, important questions remain regarding which specific combinations of positive and negative behaviors as well as verbal and nonverbal expressions are most predictive of children’s perceptions. In this pilot study, we examined observational data on interparental conflict as predictors of children’s reports of perceived threat and insecurity in 43 families. Fathers’ nonverbal negativity was strongly linked to children’s perceived threat and insecure family representations, but both parents’ nonverbal and mothers’ verbal positivity buffered its impact on children. Our findings support previous research findings that parents’ negativity may have less adverse effects on children when it takes place in a positive family climate.
{"title":"Positivity and Negativity in Interparental Conflict: Implications for Children","authors":"M. Zemp, G. Bodenmann, S. Backes, Dorothee Sutter-Stickel, T. Bradbury","doi":"10.1024/1421-0185/A000182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/A000182","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Although children are known to be highly sensitive to interparental conflict, important questions remain regarding which specific combinations of positive and negative behaviors as well as verbal and nonverbal expressions are most predictive of children’s perceptions. In this pilot study, we examined observational data on interparental conflict as predictors of children’s reports of perceived threat and insecurity in 43 families. Fathers’ nonverbal negativity was strongly linked to children’s perceived threat and insecure family representations, but both parents’ nonverbal and mothers’ verbal positivity buffered its impact on children. Our findings support previous research findings that parents’ negativity may have less adverse effects on children when it takes place in a positive family climate.","PeriodicalId":46193,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Journal of Psychology","volume":"75 1","pages":"167-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57225922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-15DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/A000183
Alisdair J. G. Taylor, L. Bryant
Abstract. Emotion perception studies typically explore how judgments of facial expressions are influenced by invariant characteristics such as sex or by variant characteristics such as gaze. However, few studies have considered the importance of factors that are not easily categorized as invariant or variant. We investigated one such factor, attractiveness, and the role it plays in judgments of emotional expression. We asked 26 participants to categorize different facial expressions (happy, neutral, and angry) that varied with respect to facial attractiveness (attractive, unattractive). Participants were significantly faster when judging expressions on attractive as compared to unattractive faces, but there was no interaction between facial attractiveness and facial expression, suggesting that the attractiveness of a face does not play an important role in the judgment of happy or angry facial expressions.
{"title":"The Effect of Facial Attractiveness on Facial Expression Identification","authors":"Alisdair J. G. Taylor, L. Bryant","doi":"10.1024/1421-0185/A000183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/A000183","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Emotion perception studies typically explore how judgments of facial expressions are influenced by invariant characteristics such as sex or by variant characteristics such as gaze. However, few studies have considered the importance of factors that are not easily categorized as invariant or variant. We investigated one such factor, attractiveness, and the role it plays in judgments of emotional expression. We asked 26 participants to categorize different facial expressions (happy, neutral, and angry) that varied with respect to facial attractiveness (attractive, unattractive). Participants were significantly faster when judging expressions on attractive as compared to unattractive faces, but there was no interaction between facial attractiveness and facial expression, suggesting that the attractiveness of a face does not play an important role in the judgment of happy or angry facial expressions.","PeriodicalId":46193,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Journal of Psychology","volume":"75 1","pages":"175-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57225986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-20DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/A000178
R. Busching, Johannes Lutz
Abstract. Legally irrelevant information like facial features is used to form judgments about rape cases. Using a reverse-correlation technique, it is possible to visualize criminal stereotypes and test whether these representations influence judgments. In the first step, images of the stereotypical faces of a rapist, a thief, and a lifesaver were generated. These images showed a clear distinction between the lifesaver and the two criminal representations, but the criminal representations were rather similar. In the next step, the images were presented together with rape scenarios, and participants (N = 153) indicated the defendant’s level of liability. Participants with high rape myth acceptance scores attributed a lower level of liability to a defendant who resembled a stereotypical lifesaver. However, no specific effects of the image of the stereotypical rapist compared to the stereotypical thief were found. We discuss the findings with respect to the influence of visual stereotypes on legal judgments ...
{"title":"The Impact of Visual Stereotypes on Judgments about Rape","authors":"R. Busching, Johannes Lutz","doi":"10.1024/1421-0185/A000178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/A000178","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Legally irrelevant information like facial features is used to form judgments about rape cases. Using a reverse-correlation technique, it is possible to visualize criminal stereotypes and test whether these representations influence judgments. In the first step, images of the stereotypical faces of a rapist, a thief, and a lifesaver were generated. These images showed a clear distinction between the lifesaver and the two criminal representations, but the criminal representations were rather similar. In the next step, the images were presented together with rape scenarios, and participants (N = 153) indicated the defendant’s level of liability. Participants with high rape myth acceptance scores attributed a lower level of liability to a defendant who resembled a stereotypical lifesaver. However, no specific effects of the image of the stereotypical rapist compared to the stereotypical thief were found. We discuss the findings with respect to the influence of visual stereotypes on legal judgments ...","PeriodicalId":46193,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Journal of Psychology","volume":"75 1","pages":"133-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57225815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-20DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/A000177
N. Favez, H. Tissot, P. Ghisletta, P. Golay, S. C. Notari
Abstract. This study aimed to validate the French version of the Experiences in Close Relationships–Revised (ECR-R) adult attachment questionnaire by investigating its internal structure and construct validity. The sample (N = 600) consisted of an equal number of male and female participants aged 25–45 years. Variables linked to adult romantic attachment (marital satisfaction, sexual satisfaction and fears associated with sexual activities, and self-esteem) were assessed using a set of questionnaires. The reliability of the two attachment dimensions (viz., avoidance and anxiety) was satisfactory. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the original two-factor model explained the data collected with the French ECR-R most satisfactorily. The assessment of measurement invariance showed that the structure is the same across the original U. S. sample and our sample, across men and women, and across single individuals and those in a couple relationship. Our evaluation of construct validity showed that the hi...
{"title":"Validation of the French Version of the Experiences in Close Relationships– Revised (ECR-R) Adult Romantic Attachment Questionnaire","authors":"N. Favez, H. Tissot, P. Ghisletta, P. Golay, S. C. Notari","doi":"10.1024/1421-0185/A000177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/A000177","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This study aimed to validate the French version of the Experiences in Close Relationships–Revised (ECR-R) adult attachment questionnaire by investigating its internal structure and construct validity. The sample (N = 600) consisted of an equal number of male and female participants aged 25–45 years. Variables linked to adult romantic attachment (marital satisfaction, sexual satisfaction and fears associated with sexual activities, and self-esteem) were assessed using a set of questionnaires. The reliability of the two attachment dimensions (viz., avoidance and anxiety) was satisfactory. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the original two-factor model explained the data collected with the French ECR-R most satisfactorily. The assessment of measurement invariance showed that the structure is the same across the original U. S. sample and our sample, across men and women, and across single individuals and those in a couple relationship. Our evaluation of construct validity showed that the hi...","PeriodicalId":46193,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Journal of Psychology","volume":"10 1","pages":"113-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57225767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-20DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/A000176
Marie Crouzevialle, F. Butera
Abstract. Performance-approach goals (i.e., the desire to outperform others) have been found to be positive predictors of test performance, but research has also revealed that they predict surface learning strategies. The present research investigates whether the high academic performance of students who strongly adopt performance-approach goals stems from test anticipation and preparation, which most educational settings render possible since examinations are often scheduled in advance. We set up a longitudinal design for an experiment conducted in high-school classrooms within the context of two science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines, namely, physics and chemistry. First, we measured performance-approach goals. Then we asked students to take a test that had either been announced a week in advance (enabling strategic preparation) or not. The expected interaction between performance-approach goal endorsement and test anticipation was moderated by the students’ initial level: ...
{"title":"The Role of Test Anticipation in the Link Between Performance-Approach Goals and Academic Achievement","authors":"Marie Crouzevialle, F. Butera","doi":"10.1024/1421-0185/A000176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/A000176","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Performance-approach goals (i.e., the desire to outperform others) have been found to be positive predictors of test performance, but research has also revealed that they predict surface learning strategies. The present research investigates whether the high academic performance of students who strongly adopt performance-approach goals stems from test anticipation and preparation, which most educational settings render possible since examinations are often scheduled in advance. We set up a longitudinal design for an experiment conducted in high-school classrooms within the context of two science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines, namely, physics and chemistry. First, we measured performance-approach goals. Then we asked students to take a test that had either been announced a week in advance (enabling strategic preparation) or not. The expected interaction between performance-approach goal endorsement and test anticipation was moderated by the students’ initial level: ...","PeriodicalId":46193,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Journal of Psychology","volume":"75 1","pages":"123-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57225760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/A000180
Christelle Gillioz, J. Fontaine, C. Soriano, K. Scherer
Abstract. Recent empirical work on the semantics of emotion terms across many different cultures and languages, using a theoretical componential approach, suggested that four dimensions are needed to parsimoniously describe the semantic space of the emotion domain as reflected in emotion terms (Fontaine, Scherer, Roesch, & Ellsworth, 2007; Fontaine, Scherer, & Soriano, 2013). In addition to valence, power, and arousal, a novelty dimension was discovered that mostly differentiated surprise from other emotions. Here, we further explore the existence and nature of the fourth dimension in semantic emotion space using a much larger and much more representative set of emotion terms. A group of 156 participants each rated 10 out of a set of 80 French emotion terms with respect to semantic meaning. The meaning of an emotion term was evaluated with respect to 68 emotion features representing the appraisal, action tendency, bodily reaction, expression, and feeling components of the emotion process. A principal comp...
{"title":"Mapping Emotion Terms into Affective Space","authors":"Christelle Gillioz, J. Fontaine, C. Soriano, K. Scherer","doi":"10.1024/1421-0185/A000180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/A000180","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Recent empirical work on the semantics of emotion terms across many different cultures and languages, using a theoretical componential approach, suggested that four dimensions are needed to parsimoniously describe the semantic space of the emotion domain as reflected in emotion terms (Fontaine, Scherer, Roesch, & Ellsworth, 2007; Fontaine, Scherer, & Soriano, 2013). In addition to valence, power, and arousal, a novelty dimension was discovered that mostly differentiated surprise from other emotions. Here, we further explore the existence and nature of the fourth dimension in semantic emotion space using a much larger and much more representative set of emotion terms. A group of 156 participants each rated 10 out of a set of 80 French emotion terms with respect to semantic meaning. The meaning of an emotion term was evaluated with respect to 68 emotion features representing the appraisal, action tendency, bodily reaction, expression, and feeling components of the emotion process. A principal comp...","PeriodicalId":46193,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Journal of Psychology","volume":"75 1","pages":"141-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57225878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-22DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/A000174
L. Lo
Abstract. Tonal language speakers perform well in discriminating lexical tones in their own language. However, it is unknown whether their proficiency extends to the nonlinguistic context. This study compared the accuracy of performance of Cantonese and English speakers on tonal discrimination tasks. The findings demonstrated that the Cantonese speakers performed better than the English speakers in discriminating lexical tones in the linguistic context, even when the stimuli could not be consciously perceived. Nevertheless, there was no significant performance difference between Cantonese and English speakers in discriminating nonlexical tones in the nonlinguistic context. The results demonstrate the excellence of the linguistic component to tolerate noise. Moreover, the contrastive findings obtained in this study suggest that the transferability of the experience with lexical tones to nonlinguistic activities can be highly contextualized.
{"title":"Without conscious effort: The ability of nontonal language speakers to discriminate lexical and nonlexical tones","authors":"L. Lo","doi":"10.1024/1421-0185/A000174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/A000174","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Tonal language speakers perform well in discriminating lexical tones in their own language. However, it is unknown whether their proficiency extends to the nonlinguistic context. This study compared the accuracy of performance of Cantonese and English speakers on tonal discrimination tasks. The findings demonstrated that the Cantonese speakers performed better than the English speakers in discriminating lexical tones in the linguistic context, even when the stimuli could not be consciously perceived. Nevertheless, there was no significant performance difference between Cantonese and English speakers in discriminating nonlexical tones in the nonlinguistic context. The results demonstrate the excellence of the linguistic component to tolerate noise. Moreover, the contrastive findings obtained in this study suggest that the transferability of the experience with lexical tones to nonlinguistic activities can be highly contextualized.","PeriodicalId":46193,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Journal of Psychology","volume":"75 1","pages":"81-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57225710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-22DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/A000173
Milda Perminienė, R. Kern, A. Perminas
Abstract. The present study identified direct and indirect relationships between lifestyle attributes and exposure to workplace bullying (via the conflict-solving styles of problem solving, compromising, yielding, and forcing). Our results demonstrated that being cautious, going along, and taking charge were positively directly related to exposure to workplace bullying. In addition, higher belonging/social interest was related to less exposure to bullying via more frequent use of problem solving and less frequent use of forcing. Higher being cautious was related to greater exposure to bullying via less frequent use of problem solving. Higher going along was related to greater bullying via more frequent use of forcing. On the one hand, higher taking charge and wanting recognition were related to greater exposure to bullying via more frequent use of forcing. On the other hand, they were also related to less bullying via more frequent use of problem solving. The results prompt the inclusion of situational mo...
{"title":"Lifestyle, Conflict-Solving Styles, and Exposure to Workplace Bullying: A Model of Mediation","authors":"Milda Perminienė, R. Kern, A. Perminas","doi":"10.1024/1421-0185/A000173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/A000173","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The present study identified direct and indirect relationships between lifestyle attributes and exposure to workplace bullying (via the conflict-solving styles of problem solving, compromising, yielding, and forcing). Our results demonstrated that being cautious, going along, and taking charge were positively directly related to exposure to workplace bullying. In addition, higher belonging/social interest was related to less exposure to bullying via more frequent use of problem solving and less frequent use of forcing. Higher being cautious was related to greater exposure to bullying via less frequent use of problem solving. Higher going along was related to greater bullying via more frequent use of forcing. On the one hand, higher taking charge and wanting recognition were related to greater exposure to bullying via more frequent use of forcing. On the other hand, they were also related to less bullying via more frequent use of problem solving. The results prompt the inclusion of situational mo...","PeriodicalId":46193,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Journal of Psychology","volume":"75 1","pages":"57-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57225654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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