Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13183222.1999.11008718
S. Simpson
AbstractThe Broadcasting, Information Technology and Telecommunications sectors have in recent years been the subject of notable transformation, one important feature of which is their coming closer together in a number of ways — it is now commonplace to speak of a new hybrid sector, Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs). This convergence is of considerable interest to policy-makers in industry and government at the national and international level, as well as the academic community and, in particular, one of the key questions raised concerns how to regulate for such convergence. Focusing on the European Union (EU) context, this article argues that in recent years the telecommunications element of ICTs has been subject to change in the form of both liberalisation and re-regulation to the international level, which has been justified by numerous arguments, and indeed in some quarters vaunted as an appropriate model to be applied to ICTs as a whole. This article suggests that whilst the telecom...
{"title":"Regulating Ict Convergence","authors":"S. Simpson","doi":"10.1080/13183222.1999.11008718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.1999.11008718","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe Broadcasting, Information Technology and Telecommunications sectors have in recent years been the subject of notable transformation, one important feature of which is their coming closer together in a number of ways — it is now commonplace to speak of a new hybrid sector, Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs). This convergence is of considerable interest to policy-makers in industry and government at the national and international level, as well as the academic community and, in particular, one of the key questions raised concerns how to regulate for such convergence. Focusing on the European Union (EU) context, this article argues that in recent years the telecommunications element of ICTs has been subject to change in the form of both liberalisation and re-regulation to the international level, which has been justified by numerous arguments, and indeed in some quarters vaunted as an appropriate model to be applied to ICTs as a whole. This article suggests that whilst the telecom...","PeriodicalId":46298,"journal":{"name":"Javnost-The Public","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80653476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13183222.1999.11008711
Á. Gulyás
AbstractIntroductionFollowing the demise of the communist regimes new rules and forces were introduced and new conditions emerged in the print media markets of East Central Europe. It is usually envisaged that the print media transformed from a communist type to a market-driven pluralistic system. Three main processes can be distinguished in the post-communist transformation of the print media: democratisation, marketisation and commercialisation. Democratisation refers to the changing political functions of the media with a general aim towards pluralistic and free media. Marketisation means the establishment of market forces and institutions in the sector. Commercialisation relates to the process where the commercial and commodity roles of the media came into prominence. The transformation of the print media can be examined from different perspectives. This article focuses on two aspects: structural developments in the market segments and ownership changes, especially those related to the issue of nation...
{"title":"Structural changes and organisations in the print media markets of Post-Communist East Central Europe","authors":"Á. Gulyás","doi":"10.1080/13183222.1999.11008711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.1999.11008711","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIntroductionFollowing the demise of the communist regimes new rules and forces were introduced and new conditions emerged in the print media markets of East Central Europe. It is usually envisaged that the print media transformed from a communist type to a market-driven pluralistic system. Three main processes can be distinguished in the post-communist transformation of the print media: democratisation, marketisation and commercialisation. Democratisation refers to the changing political functions of the media with a general aim towards pluralistic and free media. Marketisation means the establishment of market forces and institutions in the sector. Commercialisation relates to the process where the commercial and commodity roles of the media came into prominence. The transformation of the print media can be examined from different perspectives. This article focuses on two aspects: structural developments in the market segments and ownership changes, especially those related to the issue of nation...","PeriodicalId":46298,"journal":{"name":"Javnost-The Public","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82629674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13183222.1999.11008708
S. Splichal
AbstractThe article examines three topics fundamental to contemporary media democratisation discourse: the principle of publicity, media agenda setting, and information subsidies. In complex democratic systems, the idea of publicity primarily refers to the media and the public sphere, where the “public use of reason” or “public discussion” can take place. The fundamental significance of the mass media for the political system is based on their role in the processes of (public) opinion formation and expression: the mass media help determine and demonstrate the limits of legitimate public discussion in society. Information subsidy limits access to information and inhibits free (political) expression by forcing the media to conform to particularistic political or commercial interests and beliefs of subsidisers. Because mass media have extremely important functions for democratic societies, they require public regulation to eventually help transform them into public services, and mass media into public servic...
{"title":"Ownership Regulation and Socialisation: Rethinking the Principles of Democratic Media","authors":"S. Splichal","doi":"10.1080/13183222.1999.11008708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.1999.11008708","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe article examines three topics fundamental to contemporary media democratisation discourse: the principle of publicity, media agenda setting, and information subsidies. In complex democratic systems, the idea of publicity primarily refers to the media and the public sphere, where the “public use of reason” or “public discussion” can take place. The fundamental significance of the mass media for the political system is based on their role in the processes of (public) opinion formation and expression: the mass media help determine and demonstrate the limits of legitimate public discussion in society. Information subsidy limits access to information and inhibits free (political) expression by forcing the media to conform to particularistic political or commercial interests and beliefs of subsidisers. Because mass media have extremely important functions for democratic societies, they require public regulation to eventually help transform them into public services, and mass media into public servic...","PeriodicalId":46298,"journal":{"name":"Javnost-The Public","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83118475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13183222.1999.11008704
Roza Tsagarousianou
This article focuses on minority community media (ethnic minority radio, cable, satellite and terrestrial television) in the UK and their position within global diasporic media landscapes as well as in the media landscape of contemporary Britain. These media, partly products of the end of frequency scarcity which has led to media market fragmentation and encouraged/enabled the creation of new, specialised media, are distinct from other local, regional or community media as they identify their audience in minority communities whose identities are not rooted in well bounded localities. Drawing upon research on Asian and Greek-Cypriot community media in the UK, the article attempts to chart and discuss critically the development of ethnic community media in the UK over the past two decades. It examines the provision of programming for ethnic communities within the framework of Public Service Broadcasting and assesses the record of the main terrestrial channels in this area. It then assesses the community politics and the political, legal and regulatory framework which have led to the emergence of ethnic community-specific electronic media (cable and satellite television, radio and, more recently, terrestrial television).
{"title":"Gone To The Market? The Development of Asian and Greek-Cypriot Community Media in Britain","authors":"Roza Tsagarousianou","doi":"10.1080/13183222.1999.11008704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.1999.11008704","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on minority community media (ethnic minority radio, cable, satellite and terrestrial television) in the UK and their position within global diasporic media landscapes as well as in the media landscape of contemporary Britain. These media, partly products of the end of frequency scarcity which has led to media market fragmentation and encouraged/enabled the creation of new, specialised media, are distinct from other local, regional or community media as they identify their audience in minority communities whose identities are not rooted in well bounded localities. Drawing upon research on Asian and Greek-Cypriot community media in the UK, the article attempts to chart and discuss critically the development of ethnic community media in the UK over the past two decades. It examines the provision of programming for ethnic communities within the framework of Public Service Broadcasting and assesses the record of the main terrestrial channels in this area. It then assesses the community politics and the political, legal and regulatory framework which have led to the emergence of ethnic community-specific electronic media (cable and satellite television, radio and, more recently, terrestrial television).","PeriodicalId":46298,"journal":{"name":"Javnost-The Public","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86180311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13183222.1999.11008705
Stuart Cunningham, Tina Nguyen
AbstractThe concept of “diaspora” can be usefully applied to understanding many of the major population movements this century and to the accompanying complex processes of the maintenance and negotiation of cultural identity. The Vietnamese diaspora is arguably unique because of its historical roots in refugee-exile circumstances. Originally refugees and only lately immigrants, the Vietnamese peoples in the Western world are acutely aware of the conflicting loyalties to their original cultures and the demands of adapting to their new host cultures. In analysing the cultural and media environment in the Vietnamese diaspora, the article identifies three cultural positions within these communities: the felt need to maintain pre-revolutionary Vietnamese heritage and traditions, to find a negotiated place within a more mainstreamed culture, or to engage in the formation of distinct hybrid identities centring around dominant Western popular cultural forms. Although the Vietnamese audiovisual media industry is v...
{"title":"Popular Media of the Vietnamese Diaspora","authors":"Stuart Cunningham, Tina Nguyen","doi":"10.1080/13183222.1999.11008705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.1999.11008705","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe concept of “diaspora” can be usefully applied to understanding many of the major population movements this century and to the accompanying complex processes of the maintenance and negotiation of cultural identity. The Vietnamese diaspora is arguably unique because of its historical roots in refugee-exile circumstances. Originally refugees and only lately immigrants, the Vietnamese peoples in the Western world are acutely aware of the conflicting loyalties to their original cultures and the demands of adapting to their new host cultures. In analysing the cultural and media environment in the Vietnamese diaspora, the article identifies three cultural positions within these communities: the felt need to maintain pre-revolutionary Vietnamese heritage and traditions, to find a negotiated place within a more mainstreamed culture, or to engage in the formation of distinct hybrid identities centring around dominant Western popular cultural forms. Although the Vietnamese audiovisual media industry is v...","PeriodicalId":46298,"journal":{"name":"Javnost-The Public","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74803507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13183222.1999.11008726
F. Sapienza
AbstractThis paper analyses how participants on a Russian emigre Web site rhetorically construct a Russian communal ethos in cyberspace. This ethos emerges primarily through three activities: the creation of cultural and technical resources; the linking of other pages to the site; and the debate and dialogue on bulletin boards. Together these activities form a transnational rhetorical community on the Web that evokes deterritorialised notions of identity. Russian culture on the Web acquires a very global aspect, diversified by motifs and attitudes from a multiplicity of mobile participants. This new communal form is enabled by the robust nature of Web communication as well as the Web’s transgression of national and cultural boundaries, permitting the incorporation of diverse people and diverse rhetorics in the forming, contestation, and negotiation of Russian cultural identity.
{"title":"Communal Ethos on a Russian Émigré Web Site","authors":"F. Sapienza","doi":"10.1080/13183222.1999.11008726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.1999.11008726","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis paper analyses how participants on a Russian emigre Web site rhetorically construct a Russian communal ethos in cyberspace. This ethos emerges primarily through three activities: the creation of cultural and technical resources; the linking of other pages to the site; and the debate and dialogue on bulletin boards. Together these activities form a transnational rhetorical community on the Web that evokes deterritorialised notions of identity. Russian culture on the Web acquires a very global aspect, diversified by motifs and attitudes from a multiplicity of mobile participants. This new communal form is enabled by the robust nature of Web communication as well as the Web’s transgression of national and cultural boundaries, permitting the incorporation of diverse people and diverse rhetorics in the forming, contestation, and negotiation of Russian cultural identity.","PeriodicalId":46298,"journal":{"name":"Javnost-The Public","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86052559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13183222.1999.11008727
A. Voiskounsky
AbstractThe practice of Internet usage is ambiguous as it gives rise to both unification and diversity. This paper analyses cultural specifics of the Internet. The analysis is a preliminary work for an application of socio-historical theory of human mental development. The parameters include techniques of hypertext browsing, the status/position/rank of communicators, the influence of the Internet on communication practices such as holding the floor and turntaking rules, the way emotions are expressed, and the way the English language serves the functions of a world-wide medium.
{"title":"Internet: Culture, Diversity and Unification","authors":"A. Voiskounsky","doi":"10.1080/13183222.1999.11008727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.1999.11008727","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe practice of Internet usage is ambiguous as it gives rise to both unification and diversity. This paper analyses cultural specifics of the Internet. The analysis is a preliminary work for an application of socio-historical theory of human mental development. The parameters include techniques of hypertext browsing, the status/position/rank of communicators, the influence of the Internet on communication practices such as holding the floor and turntaking rules, the way emotions are expressed, and the way the English language serves the functions of a world-wide medium.","PeriodicalId":46298,"journal":{"name":"Javnost-The Public","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81413926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13183222.1998.11008669
Di Brown
AbstractThe article summarises a project carried out between 1986 and 1995 by the International Association for Mass Communication Research (IAMCR) through its Professional Education Section. Bibliographic surveys of commonly used textbooks in institutions of communication education were carried out in Africa, the Arab world, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, in order to discover the regional relevance and topicality of educational materials used particularly in the training of journalists. Regional bibliographies were also examined by experts from other regions regarding the interest for translations across regions. The results show that textbooks used in the Arab world and Latin America are mostly produced in the region, whereas Third World regions with Anglophone and Francophone orientation are dominated by literature from Europe and North America, first and foremost the USA. There is a striking lack of knowledge about textbooks available in other regions, with a great interest particularly to tra...
{"title":"Inventory of Textbooks in Communication Studies around the World","authors":"Di Brown","doi":"10.1080/13183222.1998.11008669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.1998.11008669","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe article summarises a project carried out between 1986 and 1995 by the International Association for Mass Communication Research (IAMCR) through its Professional Education Section. Bibliographic surveys of commonly used textbooks in institutions of communication education were carried out in Africa, the Arab world, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, in order to discover the regional relevance and topicality of educational materials used particularly in the training of journalists. Regional bibliographies were also examined by experts from other regions regarding the interest for translations across regions. The results show that textbooks used in the Arab world and Latin America are mostly produced in the region, whereas Third World regions with Anglophone and Francophone orientation are dominated by literature from Europe and North America, first and foremost the USA. There is a striking lack of knowledge about textbooks available in other regions, with a great interest particularly to tra...","PeriodicalId":46298,"journal":{"name":"Javnost-The Public","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78247229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13183222.1998.11008681
S. Bird
AbstractIn the United States, television news is where the issue of tabloidisation is most loudly debated, as news merges into the countless talk shows and syndicated “reality” programming. While critics often place the blame on the journalism profession itself, I focus on the audience drive toward tabloidisation, critiquing both the uncritical celebration of the “active” audience, and the view that audiences are simply mindless recipients of whatever journalists feed them. Using data from a small study of news audiences, I argue that we must understand the value of dramatic, narrative news in everyday life. At the same time, I argue that the storytelling news style, characterised by disconnected, highly personal narratives, is in danger of replacing rational, considered, and critical analysis in news. In particular, young people are becoming less interested in news, and less critical of the techniques typical of tabloid style. I conclude that we must strive to develop a journalism that could embrace tabl...
{"title":"News We Can Use: An Audience Perspective on the Tabloidisation of News in the United States","authors":"S. Bird","doi":"10.1080/13183222.1998.11008681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.1998.11008681","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIn the United States, television news is where the issue of tabloidisation is most loudly debated, as news merges into the countless talk shows and syndicated “reality” programming. While critics often place the blame on the journalism profession itself, I focus on the audience drive toward tabloidisation, critiquing both the uncritical celebration of the “active” audience, and the view that audiences are simply mindless recipients of whatever journalists feed them. Using data from a small study of news audiences, I argue that we must understand the value of dramatic, narrative news in everyday life. At the same time, I argue that the storytelling news style, characterised by disconnected, highly personal narratives, is in danger of replacing rational, considered, and critical analysis in news. In particular, young people are becoming less interested in news, and less critical of the techniques typical of tabloid style. I conclude that we must strive to develop a journalism that could embrace tabl...","PeriodicalId":46298,"journal":{"name":"Javnost-The Public","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72549340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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