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Correction to: Explaining migrant integration policies: A comparative study across 56 countries 更正:解释移民融合政策:56个国家的比较研究
IF 1.9 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.1093/migration/mnac036
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引用次数: 1
How can Mexican migrants reduce the risk of being abandoned by smugglers while clandestinely crossing the US–Mexico border? 墨西哥移民如何在秘密穿越美墨边境时减少被走私者抛弃的风险?
IF 1.9 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-10-14 DOI: 10.1093/migration/mnac028
Carlos Hernández Campos, Eduardo Torre Cantalapiedra
This article analyzes the abandonments of Mexican migrants by their smugglers while crossing clandestinely the US–Mexico border. Drawing on the Emif-Norte survey, we examine the diversity of forms of abandonments and their adverse impacts to migrants while crossing the border; we discuss the agency capacity of migrants to anticipate and control the migration process in order to manage the risks of clandestine travel; and we use a logistic regression model to analyze the role played by the selection of the smuggler and the physical fitness of migrants in the risk of migrants to be abandoned by smugglers. Our findings suggest the presence of migrants with profiles vulnerable to abandonment (i.e. women, not having previous migration experience to the USA, hiring smugglers in border towns, or paying low smuggler fees), and preventive and protective strategies to reduce such risk (i.e. hiring smugglers in the place of origin, physical training prior to the journey or traveling accompanied by family members and friends), which are within the reach of some migrants more than others.
本文分析了墨西哥移民在秘密穿越美墨边境时被走私者抛弃的情况。根据北酋长国的调查,我们研究了遗弃形式的多样性及其对越境移民的不利影响;我们讨论了移民预测和控制移民过程的机构能力,以管理秘密旅行的风险;我们使用逻辑回归模型分析了走私者的选择和移民的身体素质在移民被走私者抛弃的风险中所起的作用。我们的研究结果表明,存在易被遗弃的移民(即女性,以前没有美国移民经验,在边境城镇雇佣走私者,或支付较低的走私费),以及减少此类风险的预防和保护战略(即在原籍地雇佣走私者、旅行前进行体能训练或在家人和朋友的陪同下旅行),这些风险对一些移民来说比其他移民更容易触及。
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引用次数: 1
The ethics of migration policy dilemmas 移民政策的伦理困境
IF 1.9 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.1093/migration/mnac029
R. Bauböck, Julia Mourão Permoser, M. Ruhs
This article proposes a new approach to the political theory of migration: the ethics of migration policy dilemmas. The core of this new approach lies in identifying specific policy dilemmas of central relevance to policy makers and other stakeholders in the field, and then submitting these dilemmas to systematic theoretical analysis. We conceptualize policy dilemmas as involving hard choices between competing moral goals and distinguish this kind of dilemma from other types of ethical choices, such as conflicting means, dirty hands, political feasibility, and politics dilemmas. We argue that, besides enlarging the range of questions asked by political theorists of migration, our approach of engaging normatively with hard policy dilemmas can help mitigate the negative political and societal effects of reductionist political positions that seek to negate the existence of competing moral goals. We make the case for a multidisciplinary approach to the normative analysis of hard ethical dilemmas, transcending both explanatory and interpretive analyses in the spirit of an applied normative political theory that aims to be action guiding.
本文提出了一种新的移民政治理论方法:移民政策困境的伦理学。这种新方法的核心在于确定与决策者和该领域其他利益攸关方具有核心相关性的具体政策困境,然后将这些困境提交系统的理论分析。我们将政策困境概念化为涉及相互竞争的道德目标之间的艰难选择,并将这种困境与其他类型的道德选择区分开来,如手段冲突、肮脏的双手、政治可行性和政治困境。我们认为,除了扩大移民政治理论家提出的问题范围外,我们规范处理棘手政策困境的方法还有助于减轻还原主义政治立场的负面政治和社会影响,这些政治立场试图否定相互竞争的道德目标的存在。我们提出了一种多学科的方法来对艰难的伦理困境进行规范分析,超越解释性和解释性分析,以旨在指导行动的应用规范政治理论为精神。
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引用次数: 4
Review of Exhibition Objets Migrateurs: Trésors sous influences by Laura Reeck 展览对象的回顾:迁徙者:由劳拉·瑞克影响的变性人
IF 1.9 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-08-16 DOI: 10.1093/migration/mnac025
Laura Reeck
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引用次数: 0
The elusive triple win: addressing temporary labour migration dilemmas through fair representation 难以捉摸的三赢:通过公平代表制解决临时劳动力迁移困境
IF 1.9 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-08-16 DOI: 10.1093/migration/mnac021
R. Bauböck, M. Ruhs
Temporary Labour Migration Programmes (TLMPs) are controversial because they are caught in a dilemma between global and domestic justice. From a global justice perspective, TLMPs expand opportunities for workers in poor countries to access labour markets of rich countries and they improve the situation of origin countries through remittances. From a domestic justice perspective, TLMPs violate principles of domestic equality because they always afford migrant workers more restricted rights than those enjoyed by citizens and long-term residents of the host country. Although this dilemma cannot be fully resolved, we argue that TLMPs can be morally justified and recommended if they are characterised by ‘fair representation’ in policy design and implementation and also meet certain democratic legitimacy conditions. TLMPs can be justified if they provide triple benefits for destination and origin countries as well as for migrants themselves, yet the relevant benefits can only be achieved cooperatively through transnational governance in which each of the three groups of actors is fairly represented. This conclusion is supported by our interpretation of the democratic principle of including all affected interests. Under such conditions, some rights of temporary migrant workers in host countries can be regarded as a legitimate outcome of negotiations, while others need to be fixed in advance under a democratic principle of equal protection of all subjected to the laws. Democratic legitimacy also requires that migrants enjoy protection and participation rights as citizens of their countries of origin as well as local citizenship in their countries of residence.
临时劳工移民计划(TLMP)备受争议,因为它们陷入了全球和国内司法之间的两难境地。从全球司法的角度来看,TLMP扩大了贫穷国家工人进入富裕国家劳动力市场的机会,并通过汇款改善了原籍国的状况。从国内司法的角度来看,TLMP违反了国内平等原则,因为他们总是为移民工人提供比东道国公民和长期居民享有的权利更受限制的权利。尽管这一困境无法完全解决,但我们认为,如果TLMP在政策设计和实施中具有“公平代表性”的特点,并且符合某些民主合法性条件,那么它们在道德上是合理的,并得到推荐。如果TLMP为目的地国和原籍国以及移民本身提供三重利益,那么它们是合理的,但相关利益只能通过跨国治理来合作实现,三组行为者中的每一组都有公平的代表性。这一结论得到了我们对包括所有受影响利益的民主原则的解释的支持。在这种情况下,东道国临时移民工人的一些权利可以被视为谈判的合法结果,而另一些权利则需要根据平等保护所有受法律保护者的民主原则预先确定。民主合法性还要求移民享有原籍国公民的保护和参与权,以及居住国的当地公民身份。
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引用次数: 3
From farm to the city? Understanding the motives of entrepreneurial Javanese migration to an Indonesian outer island 从农场到城市?了解爪哇创业移民到印尼外岛的动机
IF 1.9 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.1093/migration/mnac026
Fandi Akhmad, Ariane J. Utomo, W. Dressler
This article examines the migration motives of entrepreneurial Javanese migrants residing in the regional town of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara—a relatively resource-poor province in Eastern Indonesia. These migrants had generally worked in agriculture in their hometowns in Java but have engaged in and/or set up informal businesses since their arrival in Kupang. Drawing on a mixed-methods approach (household survey [n = 344]; in-depth interviews [n = 28]) in 2020, we identified the diverse underlying motives of Javanese entrepreneurial migration to Kupang. Most Javanese respondents emphasised the importance of a combination of factors, including their low levels of education in Java, greater opportunities to improve their quality of life, and tolerant and welcoming locals in Kupang. Associated with these factors, others migrated to escape the difficulties of agricultural work and the need to earn more income to fund their children’s education now and in the future. Our article offers new insights into how changing social and economic conditions in rural Java are increasingly driving migration to the rapidly growing urban clusters in Indonesia’s outer islands, leading to changing urban form, economic trajectories, and social relations.
本文考察了居住在印度尼西亚东部资源相对匮乏的东努沙登加拉省库邦地区城镇的爪哇创业移民的移民动机。这些移民通常在爪哇的家乡从事农业工作,但自抵达库邦以来,他们一直从事和/或创办非正规企业。采用混合方法(住户调查[n = 344];深度访谈 = 28])在2020年,我们确定了爪哇创业移民到库邦的各种潜在动机。大多数爪哇受访者强调了多种因素的重要性,包括他们在爪哇的教育水平低、有更多机会提高生活质量,以及库邦当地人的宽容和热情。与这些因素相关的是,其他人移民是为了逃避农业工作的困难,以及现在和将来需要赚取更多收入来资助子女的教育。我们的文章提供了新的见解,了解爪哇农村不断变化的社会和经济条件如何越来越多地推动移民到印尼外岛快速增长的城市群,从而导致城市形态、经济轨迹和社会关系的变化。
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引用次数: 1
Remapping onward migration through the trajectories of Colombian parents in London 通过哥伦比亚父母在伦敦的轨迹重新描绘未来的移民
IF 1.9 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-08-09 DOI: 10.1093/migration/mnac022
Domiziana Turcatti
Onward migration is generally defined as the process whereby people leave the country of origin, settle in a second country, and then migrate to a third country when circumstances change. This study advances the conceptualisation of onward migration by exploring the trajectories of 51 Colombian parents who settled in Spain in the early 2000s and then onward migrated to London after the 2008 crisis through the lens of relationality and mobility. Drawing from life history interviews, this article identifies five types of onward migration trajectories resulting from the interplay between structural and relational factors such as family obligations, gender roles, loving and conflictual relationships. For some parents, (1) onward migration unfolded linearly as they could move directly from Spain to London without significant factors constraining their move. For others, (2) onward migration was delayed by experiences of immobility. (3) Onward migration was achieved in a stepwise fashion when parents or their family members had to move to other countries to acquire the capital needed to onward migrate or to facilitate their family’s onward migration. (4) Some underwent multiple onward migrations before finding a desirable alternative to Spain. Finally, (5) in other cases onward migration followed other types of international mobilities when these did not bring about the desired outcomes. Ultimately, this article proposes a conceptualisation of onward migration as an open-ended, relational process that may entail and be achieved through multiple international im/mobilities.
正向移民通常被定义为人们离开原籍国,在第二个国家定居,然后在情况发生变化时移民到第三国的过程。这项研究通过从关系和流动性的角度探索了51名哥伦比亚父母的轨迹,从而推进了继续移民的概念化。这些父母在21世纪初定居西班牙,然后在2008年危机后继续移民到伦敦。根据生活史访谈,本文确定了五种类型的迁移轨迹,这些迁移轨迹是由结构和关系因素(如家庭义务、性别角色、爱和冲突关系)之间的相互作用引起的。对于一些父母来说,(1)他们可以直接从西班牙搬到伦敦,而不会受到重大因素的限制,因此他们的迁移呈线性展开。对其他人来说,(2)由于不动的经历而推迟了继续迁移。(3) 当父母或其家庭成员不得不搬到其他国家以获得继续移民所需的资本或为其家庭的继续移民提供便利时,继续移民是以逐步的方式实现的。(4) 一些人经历了多次移民,然后找到了一个理想的西班牙替代品。最后,(5)在其他情况下,在其他类型的国际流动没有带来预期结果的情况下,继续迁移。最终,本文提出了一个概念,将继续移民视为一个开放的关系过程,可能需要通过多种国际移民来实现。
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引用次数: 0
Estimating international migration flows for the Asia-Pacific region: Application of a generation–distribution model 亚太地区国际移民流动估算:代际分布模型的应用
IF 1.9 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-08-08 DOI: 10.1093/migration/mnac023
J. Raymer, Qing Guan, Tianyu Shen, Arkadiusz Wiśniowski, J. Pietsch
Flows of international migration are needed in the Asia-Pacific region to understand the patterns and corresponding effects on demographic, social, and economic change across sending and receiving countries. A major challenge to this understanding is that nearly all of the countries in this region do not gather or produce statistics on flows of international migration. The only information that are widely available represent immigrant population stocks measured at specific points in time—but these represent poor proxies for annual movements. In this paper, we present a methodology for indirectly estimating annual flows of international migration amongst 53 populations in the Asia-Pacific region and four macro world regions from 2000 to 2019 using a generation–distribution framework. The estimates suggest that 27–31 million persons from the Asia-Pacific region have changed their countries of usual residence during each year in the study. Southern Asia is estimated to have had the largest inflows and outflows, whilst intra-regional migration and return migration were highest in Eastern, Southern, and South-Eastern Asia. India, China, and Indonesia were estimated to have had the largest emigration flows and net migration losses. As a first attempt to estimate international migration flows in the Asia-Pacific region, this paper provides a basis for understanding the dynamics and complexity of the large-scale migration occurring in the region.
亚太区域需要了解国际移徙的流动情况,以便了解移徙模式及其对原籍国和接受国人口、社会和经济变化的相应影响。对这种理解的一个重大挑战是,本区域几乎所有国家都没有收集或编制关于国际移徙流动的统计数字。唯一可广泛获得的信息是在特定时间点测量的移民人口数量,但这些信息不能代表年度流动。在本文中,我们提出了一种方法,使用代际分布框架间接估计2000年至2019年亚太地区和四个宏观世界地区53个人口的国际移民年流量。估计数字表明,在研究期间的每一年,来自亚太地区的2700 - 3100万人改变了他们的常住国家。据估计,南亚的人口流入和流出最多,而东亚、南亚和东南亚的区域内移徙和回返移徙最多。据估计,印度、中国和印度尼西亚的移民流动和净移民损失最大。本文首次尝试估算亚太地区的国际移民流动,为理解该地区大规模移民的动态和复杂性提供了基础。
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引用次数: 3
National identity and anti-immigrant sentiment: Experimental evidence from Mexico 民族认同与反移民情绪:来自墨西哥的实验证据
IF 1.9 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-08-04 DOI: 10.1093/migration/mnac024
J. Acevedo, Covadonga Meseguer
In this article, we explore how historical patterns of identity construction shape today’s attitudes towards immigrants in Mexico. Immigrants in Mexico constitute a very small percentage of the country’s population. Yet some immigrants, in particular those of Asian origin, face a strong anti-immigrant sentiment as measured in terms of opinions and opposition to their social and political incorporation. We trace contemporary anti-Chinese sentiment back to historical processes of Mexican colonisation, which resulted in a particular politics of Chinese incorporation at the turn of the 19th century. This incorporation was violently contested during and after the revolution, leading to a construction of a national identity based on openly excluding the Chinese community. Using experimental evidence, we show that anti-Asian prejudice today is well explained by looking at ethnic traits and civic norms that are endorsed by natives as being constitutive of Mexican national identity.
在本文中,我们探讨身份建构的历史模式如何塑造当今墨西哥对移民的态度。墨西哥的移民只占该国人口的很小一部分。然而,一些移民,尤其是那些亚裔移民,面临着强烈的反移民情绪,这是根据对他们的社会和政治融入的意见和反对来衡量的。我们将当代的反华情绪追溯到墨西哥殖民的历史进程,这导致了19世纪之交华人融入的特殊政治。在革命期间和革命后,这种合并受到了激烈的竞争,导致了一种基于公开排斥华人社区的国家认同的构建。通过实验证据,我们可以很好地解释今天的反亚洲偏见,看看被当地人认可为构成墨西哥民族认同的种族特征和公民规范。
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引用次数: 1
Serial migrant mothers and permanent temporariness in Dubai 连续移民的母亲和在迪拜的永久临时居住权
IF 1.9 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.1093/migration/mnac020
M. Al-Dabbagh
Based on a five-year urban ethnography, this article explores the subjectivities of permanent temporariness that characterize the experience of serial migrant mothers in Dubai. By going beyond approaches that select middle class participants based on fixed category classifications such as ethnicity or citizenship, this article uses a processual lens and sheds light on a sociologically unmarked category of migrants in the city whose experiences of mothering and work have been shaped by shifting intersectionality in the context of multinational migration. Through detailed biographies of four serial migrants, this article offers an illustration of the subjectivities of permanent temporariness and shows how they are reproduced through three mothering practices: propagating roots, reflexive selving, and normalizing movement. Examining serial migrant motherhood practices challenges methodological nationalism and illustrates how the flow and friction of multinational migration gets reconstituted into family and work lives.
基于一项为期五年的城市民族志,本文探讨了迪拜连续移民母亲经历的永久性暂时性的主观性。通过超越基于种族或公民身份等固定类别分类选择中产阶级参与者的方法,本文使用了一个过程的视角,揭示了城市中一类社会学上没有标记的移民,他们的母亲和工作经历是由跨国移民背景下不断变化的交叉性所塑造的。本文通过四位连续移民的详细传记,阐述了永久临时性的主观能动性,并展示了它们是如何通过三种养育方式再现的:传播根源、反射性自我和正常化运动。研究一系列移民母亲的做法挑战了方法论民族主义,并说明了跨国移民的流动和摩擦是如何重新融入家庭和工作生活的。
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引用次数: 0
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Migration Studies
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