Pub Date : 2021-07-06DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1909112
A. Bennetts, Lusia L. Stopa, K. Newman-Taylor
ABSTRACT Background Psychosis is one of the most disabling and costly long-term conditions, and treatment outcomes remain modest. Interventions focused on specific symptoms, such as paranoia, show promise and typically target cognitive and behavioural maintenance processes. Anxiety is implicated in theories of paranoia; however, the nature of the relationship remains unclear. We review experimental studies of paranoia and anxiety against existing cognitive models. Method A systematic review strategy identified experimental studies assessing levels of anxiety and paranoia. Papers were assessed for quality, and data relating to samples, measures, designs and key findings were extracted and narratively synthesised. Results Nineteen studies met criteria for the review. Most found that manipulations impacting anxiety also impacted paranoia, with preliminary evidence for a causal relationship. The overall quality of the research was weak. Discussion We recommend a research agenda to confirm initial evidence for the causal role of anxiety in increased paranoia, and whether targeting affect, in addition to cognitive and behavioural maintenance processes, improves outcomes in clinical groups and those at risk of psychosis.
{"title":"What can experimental studies tell us about paranoia and anxiety? A systematic review with implications for theory and clinical practice","authors":"A. Bennetts, Lusia L. Stopa, K. Newman-Taylor","doi":"10.1080/17522439.2021.1909112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2021.1909112","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Psychosis is one of the most disabling and costly long-term conditions, and treatment outcomes remain modest. Interventions focused on specific symptoms, such as paranoia, show promise and typically target cognitive and behavioural maintenance processes. Anxiety is implicated in theories of paranoia; however, the nature of the relationship remains unclear. We review experimental studies of paranoia and anxiety against existing cognitive models. Method A systematic review strategy identified experimental studies assessing levels of anxiety and paranoia. Papers were assessed for quality, and data relating to samples, measures, designs and key findings were extracted and narratively synthesised. Results Nineteen studies met criteria for the review. Most found that manipulations impacting anxiety also impacted paranoia, with preliminary evidence for a causal relationship. The overall quality of the research was weak. Discussion We recommend a research agenda to confirm initial evidence for the causal role of anxiety in increased paranoia, and whether targeting affect, in addition to cognitive and behavioural maintenance processes, improves outcomes in clinical groups and those at risk of psychosis.","PeriodicalId":46344,"journal":{"name":"Psychosis-Psychological Social and Integrative Approaches","volume":"14 1","pages":"162 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17522439.2021.1909112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42605967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1924242
Lucy V. Armstrong, L. Hogg, P. Jacobsen
ABSTRACT Background Many individuals have positive experiences of voice-hearing (VH). However, current assessment tools do not capture positive aspects of VH as comprehensively as they do negative aspects. This may limit assessment and formulation of VH when people seek support from mental health services. Our review question was therefore:- ‘Do voice-hearing assessment measures capture the positive experiences of individuals, and to what extent?’ Method We conducted a systematic review of assessment measures which included at least one item on VH. We developed a novel framework to define “positive VH experiences”, which was co-produced by clinical experts in psychosis and people with VH experiences. This framework was then used to identify and map items relating to positive aspects of VH. Results Thirty-three measures were identified, of which twenty incorporated positive VH experiences. Measures published within the last decade (2009-2019) captured a greater number and diversity of positive VH experiences, compared to measures published prior to 2009. Items relating to the function/intention of voices and the emotional impact, were most commonly identified. Discussion Results suggest that research perceptions around VH are broadening and the nuances of experiences are increasingly considered alongside everyday and positive psychological functioning. Implications for both services and voice-hearers are discussed in the paper.
{"title":"Do voice-hearing assessment measures capture the positive experiences of individuals, and to what extent? A systematic review of published assessment measures","authors":"Lucy V. Armstrong, L. Hogg, P. Jacobsen","doi":"10.1080/17522439.2021.1924242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2021.1924242","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Many individuals have positive experiences of voice-hearing (VH). However, current assessment tools do not capture positive aspects of VH as comprehensively as they do negative aspects. This may limit assessment and formulation of VH when people seek support from mental health services. Our review question was therefore:- ‘Do voice-hearing assessment measures capture the positive experiences of individuals, and to what extent?’ Method We conducted a systematic review of assessment measures which included at least one item on VH. We developed a novel framework to define “positive VH experiences”, which was co-produced by clinical experts in psychosis and people with VH experiences. This framework was then used to identify and map items relating to positive aspects of VH. Results Thirty-three measures were identified, of which twenty incorporated positive VH experiences. Measures published within the last decade (2009-2019) captured a greater number and diversity of positive VH experiences, compared to measures published prior to 2009. Items relating to the function/intention of voices and the emotional impact, were most commonly identified. Discussion Results suggest that research perceptions around VH are broadening and the nuances of experiences are increasingly considered alongside everyday and positive psychological functioning. Implications for both services and voice-hearers are discussed in the paper.","PeriodicalId":46344,"journal":{"name":"Psychosis-Psychological Social and Integrative Approaches","volume":"14 1","pages":"176 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17522439.2021.1924242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43812710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1945664
Dagmara Mętel, A. Cechnicki, Aleksandra Arciszewska-Leszczuk, Renata Pionke-Ubych, Martyna Krężołek, P. Błądziński, D. Frydecka, Ł. Gawęda
ABSTRACT Background Resilience has been increasingly recognized as a relevant area of research and clinical intervention in mental health. Although resilience is considered a putative protective factor against psychopathology development, its role in psychosis continuum disorders has been less frequently recognized. Aims To examine neurocognitive and personality underpinnings of resilience in individuals prone to psychosis. Methods 92 young adults were assessed with the battery of cognitive tests, TCI, CES-D, CAARMS, PQ-16, and CD-RISC-10. Linear regression was conducted to check, if resilience predicted the level of psychopathology. Correlational analysis was conducted to verify the relationships of resilience with neurocognitive and personality measures. A hierarchical multiple regression model was built to explain the predictors of resilience. Results Lower resilience predicted higher severity of the total CAARMS score, but was not related to positive symptoms. Cognition, personality, and depressive symptoms affected resilience. The strongest predictor of resilience was the severity of depressive symptoms. Discussion Interventions buffering resilience for psychosis-prone individuals should include therapeutic work on ego-strength and tasks mastering cognitive flexibility.
{"title":"Cognitive and personality predictors of trait resilience in young people with psychosis proneness: an exploratory study","authors":"Dagmara Mętel, A. Cechnicki, Aleksandra Arciszewska-Leszczuk, Renata Pionke-Ubych, Martyna Krężołek, P. Błądziński, D. Frydecka, Ł. Gawęda","doi":"10.1080/17522439.2021.1945664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2021.1945664","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Resilience has been increasingly recognized as a relevant area of research and clinical intervention in mental health. Although resilience is considered a putative protective factor against psychopathology development, its role in psychosis continuum disorders has been less frequently recognized. Aims To examine neurocognitive and personality underpinnings of resilience in individuals prone to psychosis. Methods 92 young adults were assessed with the battery of cognitive tests, TCI, CES-D, CAARMS, PQ-16, and CD-RISC-10. Linear regression was conducted to check, if resilience predicted the level of psychopathology. Correlational analysis was conducted to verify the relationships of resilience with neurocognitive and personality measures. A hierarchical multiple regression model was built to explain the predictors of resilience. Results Lower resilience predicted higher severity of the total CAARMS score, but was not related to positive symptoms. Cognition, personality, and depressive symptoms affected resilience. The strongest predictor of resilience was the severity of depressive symptoms. Discussion Interventions buffering resilience for psychosis-prone individuals should include therapeutic work on ego-strength and tasks mastering cognitive flexibility.","PeriodicalId":46344,"journal":{"name":"Psychosis-Psychological Social and Integrative Approaches","volume":"14 1","pages":"215 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17522439.2021.1945664","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43867345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1936142
B. Jones, P. Jacobsen
ABSTRACT Background An initiative was proposed to integrate local Hearing Voices Groups within statutory adult mental health services in a particular NHS Trust. The aim of this service evaluation was to assess clinician’s attitudes towards, and understandings, of the groups to better inform the proposal. Methods Multi-disciplinary NHS staff members were invited to participate in a brief survey on their attitudes towards and understanding about Hearing Voices Groups. The survey was co-produced with people with lived experience of hearing voices, and local mental health professionals. Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data from an additional free text section of the survey. Results Forty mental health professionals responded to the survey. There was majority agreement (>50% agreement) on all items related to perceived benefit of Hearing Voices Groups. The findings also showed that only 25% of respondents felt that they were aware of the evidence base for Hearing Voices Groups and only 30% felt confident explaining Hearing Voices Groups to service users. Discussion The data suggest that the majority of mental health professionals hold positive attitudes towards Hearing Voices Groups. However, many expressed uncertainty about the evidence base and discussing the groups with service users, highlighting further training needs in these areas.
{"title":"Mental health professionals’ attitudes and knowledge about hearing voices groups","authors":"B. Jones, P. Jacobsen","doi":"10.1080/17522439.2021.1936142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2021.1936142","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background An initiative was proposed to integrate local Hearing Voices Groups within statutory adult mental health services in a particular NHS Trust. The aim of this service evaluation was to assess clinician’s attitudes towards, and understandings, of the groups to better inform the proposal. Methods Multi-disciplinary NHS staff members were invited to participate in a brief survey on their attitudes towards and understanding about Hearing Voices Groups. The survey was co-produced with people with lived experience of hearing voices, and local mental health professionals. Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data from an additional free text section of the survey. Results Forty mental health professionals responded to the survey. There was majority agreement (>50% agreement) on all items related to perceived benefit of Hearing Voices Groups. The findings also showed that only 25% of respondents felt that they were aware of the evidence base for Hearing Voices Groups and only 30% felt confident explaining Hearing Voices Groups to service users. Discussion The data suggest that the majority of mental health professionals hold positive attitudes towards Hearing Voices Groups. However, many expressed uncertainty about the evidence base and discussing the groups with service users, highlighting further training needs in these areas.","PeriodicalId":46344,"journal":{"name":"Psychosis-Psychological Social and Integrative Approaches","volume":"14 1","pages":"153 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17522439.2021.1936142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44057450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1949385
J. Dillon, D. Corstens, Olga Runciman
We have lost Sandra Escher. She died in Amsterdam on the 31st of May 2021. Sandra and her husband Marius Romme were the founders of the international Hearing Voices Network in partnership with numerous voice hearers. “It started in our living room” Sandra used to say. Their house was always open to people who wanted to change the world. What began as a humble, grassroots initiative has evolved and developed in the following 35 years into a human rights movement and a global mental health organisation. Sandra trained as a scientific journalist and met Marius, then a professor in social psychiatry through their shared passion of horse riding. They soon became professionally involved and later fell in love and began a long and fruitful relationship. Many people around the world joined them on this road of empowerment and were inspired to change their lives and that of others. Sandra was an energetic, ambitious, and warm woman. She could easily connect with people and was always interested in their stories. Voice hearers confided in her. Sandra and Marius created the Maastricht Hearing Voices Interview that is now globally used as a tool to elucidate personal meaning and clarity on the voice hearing experience. Together they published several books of which Accepting Voices (Romme & Escher, 1993), Making Sense of Voices (Romme & Escher, 2000) and Living with Voices (Romme et al., 2009) are the most important; the titles represent the new paradigm they created. Sandra started her own research after she had organised an impressive conference for voice hearing children and their parents in the Zoo of Amsterdam in 1995. She embarked on her groundbreaking PhD with 80 children who heard voices, in Birmingham and Maastricht, who she followed for three years (2002b; Escher, 2005; Escher et al., 2003, 2004, 2002a). Important conclusions she discovered were: that there were no different outcomes in the children who were in treatment and those who were not in treatment; most children did not hear voices anymore (60%), and children can learn to cope with their voices. She published her accessible book about her research that was both for children and parents containing hopeful information (Escher, 2010). Sandra was passionate that as many of the voice hearers that she had encountered began hearing voices in childhood, she was keen that children should be diverted from services that might pathologise their experiences and derail them into a life as a long-term psychiatric patient. The key message was that hearing voices is a common, human experience which is often intimately bound up in meaningful responses to difficult life events. Sandra and Marius started Resonance, the Dutch network for voice hearers and were involved for many years. Sandra was publisher of the journal “Klankspiegel”. She was a member of the board of Intervoice (www.intervoiceonlione.org), a charity working and advocating for the emancipation of voice hearers. Since 1987 she organised many Du
我们失去了桑德拉·埃舍尔。她于2021年5月31日在阿姆斯特丹去世。Sandra和她的丈夫Marius Romme是国际听声网络的创始人，与众多听声者合作。“一切始于我们的客厅，”桑德拉过去常说。他们的房子总是对想要改变世界的人开放。最初是一个不起眼的基层倡议，在接下来的35年里发展成为一个人权运动和一个全球精神卫生组织。桑德拉接受了科学记者的培训，并通过对骑马的共同爱好认识了马吕斯，后来他成为了社会精神病学教授。他们很快就成为了专业人士，后来坠入爱河，开始了一段漫长而富有成果的关系。世界各地的许多人加入了这条赋予权力的道路，并受到启发，改变了自己和他人的生活。桑德拉是一个精力充沛、雄心勃勃、热情的女人。她很容易与人沟通，对他们的故事总是很感兴趣。听众向她倾诉心声。桑德拉和马里乌斯创建了马斯特里赫特听力访谈，现在在全球范围内被用作阐明个人意义和清晰的声音听力体验的工具。他们共同出版了几本书，其中最重要的是《接受声音》(Romme & Escher, 1993)、《理解声音》(Romme & Escher, 2000)和《与声音共存》(Romme et al.， 2009);这些标题代表了他们创造的新范式。1995年，桑德拉在阿姆斯特丹动物园为有听觉的孩子和他们的父母组织了一次令人印象深刻的会议，之后她开始了自己的研究。她在伯明翰和马斯特里赫特与80名听到声音的孩子一起开始了她开创性的博士研究，她跟踪了他们三年(2002b;埃舍尔,2005;Escher et al.， 2003, 2004, 2002)。她发现的重要结论是接受治疗的孩子和没有接受治疗的孩子没有什么不同的结果;大多数孩子不再听到声音(60%)，孩子可以学会处理他们的声音。她出版了一本通俗易懂的关于她的研究的书，书中包含了充满希望的信息，既适用于儿童，也适用于父母(Escher, 2010)。桑德拉热情地认为，她遇到的许多幻听者在童年时期就开始幻听，她热切地希望孩子们应该远离那些可能使他们的经历病态化并使他们成为长期精神病患者的服务。关键信息是，幻听是一种常见的人类体验，通常与对困难生活事件的有意义反应密切相关。桑德拉和马里乌斯创办了共振，荷兰的声音听众网络，并参与了多年。桑德拉是《三党明镜》杂志的出版人。她是Intervoice (www.intervoiceonlione.org)的董事会成员，这是一个致力于倡导声音听众解放的慈善机构。自1987年以来，她组织了许多关于听力声音的荷兰会议，并于2009年组织了第一届世界听力声音大会。世界听声大会已成为一项重要的年度活动，参与者和贡献者来自全球各地。我们将在今年爱尔兰科克市的大会上向桑德拉致敬。
{"title":"Sandra Escher – an Obituary","authors":"J. Dillon, D. Corstens, Olga Runciman","doi":"10.1080/17522439.2021.1949385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2021.1949385","url":null,"abstract":"We have lost Sandra Escher. She died in Amsterdam on the 31st of May 2021. Sandra and her husband Marius Romme were the founders of the international Hearing Voices Network in partnership with numerous voice hearers. “It started in our living room” Sandra used to say. Their house was always open to people who wanted to change the world. What began as a humble, grassroots initiative has evolved and developed in the following 35 years into a human rights movement and a global mental health organisation. Sandra trained as a scientific journalist and met Marius, then a professor in social psychiatry through their shared passion of horse riding. They soon became professionally involved and later fell in love and began a long and fruitful relationship. Many people around the world joined them on this road of empowerment and were inspired to change their lives and that of others. Sandra was an energetic, ambitious, and warm woman. She could easily connect with people and was always interested in their stories. Voice hearers confided in her. Sandra and Marius created the Maastricht Hearing Voices Interview that is now globally used as a tool to elucidate personal meaning and clarity on the voice hearing experience. Together they published several books of which Accepting Voices (Romme & Escher, 1993), Making Sense of Voices (Romme & Escher, 2000) and Living with Voices (Romme et al., 2009) are the most important; the titles represent the new paradigm they created. Sandra started her own research after she had organised an impressive conference for voice hearing children and their parents in the Zoo of Amsterdam in 1995. She embarked on her groundbreaking PhD with 80 children who heard voices, in Birmingham and Maastricht, who she followed for three years (2002b; Escher, 2005; Escher et al., 2003, 2004, 2002a). Important conclusions she discovered were: that there were no different outcomes in the children who were in treatment and those who were not in treatment; most children did not hear voices anymore (60%), and children can learn to cope with their voices. She published her accessible book about her research that was both for children and parents containing hopeful information (Escher, 2010). Sandra was passionate that as many of the voice hearers that she had encountered began hearing voices in childhood, she was keen that children should be diverted from services that might pathologise their experiences and derail them into a life as a long-term psychiatric patient. The key message was that hearing voices is a common, human experience which is often intimately bound up in meaningful responses to difficult life events. Sandra and Marius started Resonance, the Dutch network for voice hearers and were involved for many years. Sandra was publisher of the journal “Klankspiegel”. She was a member of the board of Intervoice (www.intervoiceonlione.org), a charity working and advocating for the emancipation of voice hearers. Since 1987 she organised many Du","PeriodicalId":46344,"journal":{"name":"Psychosis-Psychological Social and Integrative Approaches","volume":"13 1","pages":"193 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17522439.2021.1949385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42144605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1912814
M. Lyons, Roberto Berrios, Jorge Castro, S. Castro, Ross G. White, H. Brooks
ABSTRACT Background Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) self-help interventions have become a popular tool in High-Income Countries (HIC) to support people living with psychosis. There is limited research of this in Low– and Middle-Income Country (LMIC) contexts. We report findings of a qualitative investigation of a self-help book for psychosis in Nicaragua in Central America. Methods Ten service users who self-identified as having psychosis were recruited from a mental health non-governmental organisation (NGO). Participants were given a Spanish version of a popular self-help book developed in the UK. They had four weeks to familiarise themselves with the book. Following this, we asked participants about their experiences of the book via an open ended questionnaire and a focus group discussion. Results We conducted an inductive content analysis on the data. Evaluations of the book were positive. The book was considered easy to understand. The exercises were useful for coping with symptoms, as well as for recognising and managing relapse. Case studies were perceived useful in terms of reducing stigma and promoting self-acceptance. Discussion The data highlight potential acceptability of CBT self-help books in the Nicaraguan context. We make recommendations for further research and evaluation to build on this signal of acceptability.
{"title":"A qualitative exploration of the acceptability of a cognitive behavioural therapy self-help book for people with psychosis in Nicaragua","authors":"M. Lyons, Roberto Berrios, Jorge Castro, S. Castro, Ross G. White, H. Brooks","doi":"10.1080/17522439.2021.1912814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2021.1912814","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) self-help interventions have become a popular tool in High-Income Countries (HIC) to support people living with psychosis. There is limited research of this in Low– and Middle-Income Country (LMIC) contexts. We report findings of a qualitative investigation of a self-help book for psychosis in Nicaragua in Central America. Methods Ten service users who self-identified as having psychosis were recruited from a mental health non-governmental organisation (NGO). Participants were given a Spanish version of a popular self-help book developed in the UK. They had four weeks to familiarise themselves with the book. Following this, we asked participants about their experiences of the book via an open ended questionnaire and a focus group discussion. Results We conducted an inductive content analysis on the data. Evaluations of the book were positive. The book was considered easy to understand. The exercises were useful for coping with symptoms, as well as for recognising and managing relapse. Case studies were perceived useful in terms of reducing stigma and promoting self-acceptance. Discussion The data highlight potential acceptability of CBT self-help books in the Nicaraguan context. We make recommendations for further research and evaluation to build on this signal of acceptability.","PeriodicalId":46344,"journal":{"name":"Psychosis-Psychological Social and Integrative Approaches","volume":"14 1","pages":"143 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17522439.2021.1912814","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48057447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1948092
Nienke Moernaut, Juri Krivzov, Marie Lizon, Jasper Feyaerts, S. Vanheule
ABSTRACT Background Despite considerable scientific interest in the negative symptoms of psychosis, the subjective dimension of these experiences has barely been studied. Methods This paper aims at addressing this shortcoming by means of an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of semi-structured interviews with 12 participants with a psychotic disorder. Results The analysis yielded three major themes: 1) negative symptoms can be conceptualized as a failure of narratives to account for perplexing experiences participants are confronted with in psychosis; 2) negative symptoms challenge participants to make sense of them with meta-narratives; 3) participants highlight a withdrawn attitude towards life after psychosis. Discussion The standard characterization of negative symptoms as a loss of normal functioning should be revised, as this does not match participants’ subjective experiences. Negative symptoms rather represent hard to verbalize experiences. This difficulty of linguistic expression is not 20 a shortcoming of the person experiencing them, but characteristic of the experiences themselves.
{"title":"Negative symptoms in psychosis: failure and construction of narratives","authors":"Nienke Moernaut, Juri Krivzov, Marie Lizon, Jasper Feyaerts, S. Vanheule","doi":"10.1080/17522439.2021.1948092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2021.1948092","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Despite considerable scientific interest in the negative symptoms of psychosis, the subjective dimension of these experiences has barely been studied. Methods This paper aims at addressing this shortcoming by means of an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of semi-structured interviews with 12 participants with a psychotic disorder. Results The analysis yielded three major themes: 1) negative symptoms can be conceptualized as a failure of narratives to account for perplexing experiences participants are confronted with in psychosis; 2) negative symptoms challenge participants to make sense of them with meta-narratives; 3) participants highlight a withdrawn attitude towards life after psychosis. Discussion The standard characterization of negative symptoms as a loss of normal functioning should be revised, as this does not match participants’ subjective experiences. Negative symptoms rather represent hard to verbalize experiences. This difficulty of linguistic expression is not 20 a shortcoming of the person experiencing them, but characteristic of the experiences themselves.","PeriodicalId":46344,"journal":{"name":"Psychosis-Psychological Social and Integrative Approaches","volume":"14 1","pages":"227 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17522439.2021.1948092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43604982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1924243
Rebecca V Harris, T. Maguire, K. Newman-Taylor
ABSTRACT Background Clinical supervision is assumed to be essential to the development of competent psychological therapists. While the evidence for effective psychological therapy training remains sparse, there is some support for the role of supervision and the experiential learning cycle in trainees’ progression. Despite a growing demand for cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBTp), no research has investigated the components of CBTp supervision necessary for skilful therapeutic practice. Methods We completed a qualitative thematic analysis of 385 supervision questions from 11 trainee CBTp therapists. Results The analysis yielded three main themes – knowledge/content (What?) questions; procedure/process (How?) questions; and course requirements/assessment methods (Training) questions. What? questions decreased over the 20 weeks of supervision, How? questions were raised throughout, and Training questions increased prior to academic deadlines. The thematic analysis also showed that active experimentation (the final stage of the experiential learning cycle) may be omitted from supervisory practice. Discussion These results indicate that CBTp supervision should prioritise knowledge, procedural learning and active experimentation, in training therapists to deliver high quality CBT for people with psychosis.
{"title":"What do trainee cognitive behavioural therapists need from clinical supervision to develop their skills in working with people with psychosis? A qualitative analysis","authors":"Rebecca V Harris, T. Maguire, K. Newman-Taylor","doi":"10.1080/17522439.2021.1924243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2021.1924243","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Clinical supervision is assumed to be essential to the development of competent psychological therapists. While the evidence for effective psychological therapy training remains sparse, there is some support for the role of supervision and the experiential learning cycle in trainees’ progression. Despite a growing demand for cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBTp), no research has investigated the components of CBTp supervision necessary for skilful therapeutic practice. Methods We completed a qualitative thematic analysis of 385 supervision questions from 11 trainee CBTp therapists. Results The analysis yielded three main themes – knowledge/content (What?) questions; procedure/process (How?) questions; and course requirements/assessment methods (Training) questions. What? questions decreased over the 20 weeks of supervision, How? questions were raised throughout, and Training questions increased prior to academic deadlines. The thematic analysis also showed that active experimentation (the final stage of the experiential learning cycle) may be omitted from supervisory practice. Discussion These results indicate that CBTp supervision should prioritise knowledge, procedural learning and active experimentation, in training therapists to deliver high quality CBT for people with psychosis.","PeriodicalId":46344,"journal":{"name":"Psychosis-Psychological Social and Integrative Approaches","volume":"14 1","pages":"120 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17522439.2021.1924243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43426465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1889649
Emilio López-Navarro, S. Al‐Halabí
ABSTRACT Background Mindfulness has been found to be a helpful approach for some peole who experience psychosis. Methods We used data from a prior exploratory clinical trial, to compare the effects on psychotic symptoms of six months of standard psychiatric rehabilitation versus six months of standard psychiatric rehabilitation combined with weekly mindfulness sessions. 52 patients from a community rehabilitation center were randomly allocated to Integrated Rehabilitation Treatment (IRT) or IRT enhanced with Mindfulness Based Interventions (IRT+MBI). Measures comprised a clinical record form and the PANSS interview scored according to the five-factor model of Wallwork. Raters were blinded to treatment allocation. Results Both groups reduced their scores in the Depression factor (IRT+MBI: F = 5.29, p = .026, Ƞ 2 = .096, IRT: F = 4.51, p = .039, Ƞ 2 = .083), IRT+MBI also reduced their scores in the Negative (F = 32.21, p < .001, Ƞ 2 = .392) and Excited (F = 4.87, p = .032, Ƞ 2 = .089) factors. Simple effect analysis at post-treatment showed significant differences in the Negative factor in favor of IRT+MBI (F = 4.67, p = .035, Ƞ 2 = .085). Discussion Mindfulness did not increase the frequency of positive symptoms but it did reduce negative symptoms. The lack of an effective treatment for negative psychotic symptoms underscores the clinical importance of the findings.
研究发现，正念对一些精神病患者来说是一种很有帮助的方法。方法:我们使用先前探索性临床试验的数据，比较六个月标准精神康复与六个月标准精神康复结合每周正念课程对精神病症状的影响。来自社区康复中心的52名患者被随机分配到综合康复治疗(IRT)或正念干预增强的IRT (IRT+MBI)。措施包括临床记录表和根据Wallwork五因素模型评分的PANSS访谈。评分者对治疗分配不知情。结果两组患者在抑郁因子(IRT+MBI: F = 5.29, p = 0.026， Ƞ 2 = 0.096, IRT: F = 4.51, p = 0.039， Ƞ 2 = 0.083)得分均有所降低，在消极因子(F = 32.21, p < 0.001， Ƞ 2 = 0.392)和兴奋因子(F = 4.87, p = 0.032， Ƞ 2 = 0.089)得分均有所降低。治疗后的简单效应分析显示，阴性因子有利于IRT+MBI (F = 4.67, p = 0.035， Ƞ 2 = 0.085)。正念并没有增加阳性症状的频率，但它确实减少了阴性症状。缺乏对阴性精神病症状的有效治疗强调了该发现的临床重要性。
{"title":"Effects of mindfulness on psychotic symptoms: insights from a randomized clinical trial","authors":"Emilio López-Navarro, S. Al‐Halabí","doi":"10.1080/17522439.2021.1889649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2021.1889649","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Mindfulness has been found to be a helpful approach for some peole who experience psychosis. Methods We used data from a prior exploratory clinical trial, to compare the effects on psychotic symptoms of six months of standard psychiatric rehabilitation versus six months of standard psychiatric rehabilitation combined with weekly mindfulness sessions. 52 patients from a community rehabilitation center were randomly allocated to Integrated Rehabilitation Treatment (IRT) or IRT enhanced with Mindfulness Based Interventions (IRT+MBI). Measures comprised a clinical record form and the PANSS interview scored according to the five-factor model of Wallwork. Raters were blinded to treatment allocation. Results Both groups reduced their scores in the Depression factor (IRT+MBI: F = 5.29, p = .026, Ƞ 2 = .096, IRT: F = 4.51, p = .039, Ƞ 2 = .083), IRT+MBI also reduced their scores in the Negative (F = 32.21, p < .001, Ƞ 2 = .392) and Excited (F = 4.87, p = .032, Ƞ 2 = .089) factors. Simple effect analysis at post-treatment showed significant differences in the Negative factor in favor of IRT+MBI (F = 4.67, p = .035, Ƞ 2 = .085). Discussion Mindfulness did not increase the frequency of positive symptoms but it did reduce negative symptoms. The lack of an effective treatment for negative psychotic symptoms underscores the clinical importance of the findings.","PeriodicalId":46344,"journal":{"name":"Psychosis-Psychological Social and Integrative Approaches","volume":"14 1","pages":"93 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17522439.2021.1889649","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46116760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1912815
L. Bornheimer, V. Hong, Juliann Li Verdugo, Lindsay Fernandez, C. King
ABSTRACT Background Suicide is a leading cause of preventable death among adults diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Fewer studies have examined suicide thoughts and behaviors among community populations of adults with psychosis symptoms. The current study examined the relationships between psychosis symptomatology, depression, and suicide ideation and plan among a sample of adults in psychiatric emergency care. Methods An Electronic Medical Record Search Engine was used to obtain data from Psychiatric Emergency Services (PES) of an academic healthcare system in the United States. Patients included 712 adults who presented to PES from 2013 to 2020 with one or more symptom of psychosis and either suicide ideation or a recent suicide attempt. Data were examined in SPSS27 using logistic regressions. Results Patients were twice as likely to experience suicidal ideation when hallucinations were present and eight times more likely when depression was present. Also, patients were twice as likely to have a suicide plan when hallucinations were present and three-times more likely when depression was present. Delusions did not significantly relate to suicide ideation or plan. Discussion Study findings suggest the importance of incorporating positive symptom evaluations into suicide risk assessments and the formulation of risk among patients with psychosis symptoms.
{"title":"Relationships between hallucinations, delusions, depression, suicide ideation, and plan among adults presenting with psychosis in psychiatric emergency care","authors":"L. Bornheimer, V. Hong, Juliann Li Verdugo, Lindsay Fernandez, C. King","doi":"10.1080/17522439.2021.1912815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2021.1912815","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Suicide is a leading cause of preventable death among adults diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Fewer studies have examined suicide thoughts and behaviors among community populations of adults with psychosis symptoms. The current study examined the relationships between psychosis symptomatology, depression, and suicide ideation and plan among a sample of adults in psychiatric emergency care. Methods An Electronic Medical Record Search Engine was used to obtain data from Psychiatric Emergency Services (PES) of an academic healthcare system in the United States. Patients included 712 adults who presented to PES from 2013 to 2020 with one or more symptom of psychosis and either suicide ideation or a recent suicide attempt. Data were examined in SPSS27 using logistic regressions. Results Patients were twice as likely to experience suicidal ideation when hallucinations were present and eight times more likely when depression was present. Also, patients were twice as likely to have a suicide plan when hallucinations were present and three-times more likely when depression was present. Delusions did not significantly relate to suicide ideation or plan. Discussion Study findings suggest the importance of incorporating positive symptom evaluations into suicide risk assessments and the formulation of risk among patients with psychosis symptoms.","PeriodicalId":46344,"journal":{"name":"Psychosis-Psychological Social and Integrative Approaches","volume":"14 1","pages":"109 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17522439.2021.1912815","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42189650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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