Pub Date : 2021-08-16DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1957992
Cansu Baygin, L. Sevinçok, Bilge Doğan, Doğa Sevinçok, Y. Şair
ABSTRACT Objective We hypothesized that, if childhood trauma is associated with schizotypal traits, schizotypal traits may mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and the earlier onset of panic disorder (PD). Methods A total of 86 patients (49 females, 37 males), with PD aged between 18 and 65 years, were evaluated using the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS), the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B), and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Results The mean age was 38.7 ± 12.8 years (range = 19-65 years). Total scores of schizotypal traits (r = -0.41, p<0.001), and childhood trauma (r = -0.31, p = 0.004) were inversely correlated with age at onset of PD. There was a significant correlation between the severity of schizotypal traits and childhood trauma (r = 0.55, p<0.001). After the mediation analysis, the direct effect of childhood trauma on age at onset of PD was no longer significant (Exp(B) = -0.133, p = 0.273). The indirect coefficient for schizotypal traits was consistent with complete mediation (Exp(B) = -0.801, p = 0.001). Discussion We suggest that schizotypal personality traits which are significantly associated with childhood trauma, may influence the onset of PD from early life.
摘要目的我们假设，如果童年创伤与分裂型特征相关，那么分裂型特征可能在童年创伤与早期惊恐障碍(PD)之间起中介作用。方法对86例年龄在18 ~ 65岁的PD患者(女性49例，男性37例)采用惊恐与广场恐怖量表(PAS)、分裂型人格问卷简表(SPQ-B)和汉密尔顿焦虑评定量表(HARS)进行评估。结果患者平均年龄38.7±12.8岁(范围19 ~ 65岁)。分裂型特征总分(r = -0.41, p<0.001)和童年创伤总分(r = -0.31, p = 0.004)与PD发病年龄呈负相关。精神分裂型特征的严重程度与童年创伤有显著相关性(r = 0.55, p<0.001)。经中介分析，童年创伤对PD发病年龄的直接影响不再显著(Exp(B) = -0.133, p = 0.273)。分裂型性状的间接系数与完全中介一致(Exp(B) = -0.801, p = 0.001)。我们认为，与童年创伤显著相关的分裂型人格特征可能从早期生活开始影响PD的发病。
{"title":"The mediation role of schizotypal traits in the relationship between childhood trauma and earlier onset of panic disorder","authors":"Cansu Baygin, L. Sevinçok, Bilge Doğan, Doğa Sevinçok, Y. Şair","doi":"10.1080/17522439.2021.1957992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2021.1957992","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective We hypothesized that, if childhood trauma is associated with schizotypal traits, schizotypal traits may mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and the earlier onset of panic disorder (PD). Methods A total of 86 patients (49 females, 37 males), with PD aged between 18 and 65 years, were evaluated using the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS), the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B), and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Results The mean age was 38.7 ± 12.8 years (range = 19-65 years). Total scores of schizotypal traits (r = -0.41, p<0.001), and childhood trauma (r = -0.31, p = 0.004) were inversely correlated with age at onset of PD. There was a significant correlation between the severity of schizotypal traits and childhood trauma (r = 0.55, p<0.001). After the mediation analysis, the direct effect of childhood trauma on age at onset of PD was no longer significant (Exp(B) = -0.133, p = 0.273). The indirect coefficient for schizotypal traits was consistent with complete mediation (Exp(B) = -0.801, p = 0.001). Discussion We suggest that schizotypal personality traits which are significantly associated with childhood trauma, may influence the onset of PD from early life.","PeriodicalId":46344,"journal":{"name":"Psychosis-Psychological Social and Integrative Approaches","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42079238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1961011
R. Caballero, C. Chaves, Carmen Valiente
ABSTRACT Background Research on severe psychiatric conditions has primarily focused on deficits and symptoms, while there is limited understanding about the underlying factors that contribute to the life satisfaction (LS) of patients who suffer from such conditions. The presence of positive affect has an important role in the LS in the general population. Its presence activates personal resources that facilitate the achievement of their life purposes. However, these associations have not yet been evaluated in people affected by a severe psychiatric condition. Method The main aim of this study was to explore, using structural equation modeling, the role of different hedonic and eudaimonic well-being dimensions as predictors of LS in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A total of 149 adult participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were assessed about their LS, hedonic well-being (i.e., positive affect, openness to the future) and eudaimonic well-being (i.e., social support, self-compassion, and strengths). Results Results indicate that self-compassion, caring and self-control strengths and social support mediate the relationship between hedonic well-being and LS. Discussion These findings help understand the mechanisms involved in LS in this population and shed light on the design of future interventions aimed at promoting a more satisfying life for them.
{"title":"Life satisfaction in people affected by a severe psychiatric condition: a comprehensive model","authors":"R. Caballero, C. Chaves, Carmen Valiente","doi":"10.1080/17522439.2021.1961011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2021.1961011","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Research on severe psychiatric conditions has primarily focused on deficits and symptoms, while there is limited understanding about the underlying factors that contribute to the life satisfaction (LS) of patients who suffer from such conditions. The presence of positive affect has an important role in the LS in the general population. Its presence activates personal resources that facilitate the achievement of their life purposes. However, these associations have not yet been evaluated in people affected by a severe psychiatric condition. Method The main aim of this study was to explore, using structural equation modeling, the role of different hedonic and eudaimonic well-being dimensions as predictors of LS in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A total of 149 adult participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were assessed about their LS, hedonic well-being (i.e., positive affect, openness to the future) and eudaimonic well-being (i.e., social support, self-compassion, and strengths). Results Results indicate that self-compassion, caring and self-control strengths and social support mediate the relationship between hedonic well-being and LS. Discussion These findings help understand the mechanisms involved in LS in this population and shed light on the design of future interventions aimed at promoting a more satisfying life for them.","PeriodicalId":46344,"journal":{"name":"Psychosis-Psychological Social and Integrative Approaches","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44813911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-06DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1961010
Savvina Mylona, K. Triantafyllou, K. Papanikolaou, C. Tzavara, Niki Skopeliti, G. Kolaitis
ABSTRACT Background Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) have been recognized as having clinical relevance for predicting psychopathological outcomes. Adverse childhood experiences may contribute to the development of these experiences. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between trauma and PLEs and the role of PLEs’ persistence and accompanying distress in adolescents’ overall psychological burden. Methods 71 adolescents (12–18 years) who were under institutional protection and a community sample of 48 adolescents completed the community assessment of psychic experience (CAPE), the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), and the traumatic events questionnaire. Results Previous experience of more traumatic events was significantly associated with greater frequency (r= 0.29, p<0.01) and distress (r= 0.19, p<0.05) in positive dimension and greater frequency in depressive (r= 0.37, p<0.001) and CAPE’s total score (r= 0.31, p<0.01). There were significant positive correlations between CAPE’s total frequency and distress and total SDQ (r= 0.73, p<0.001; r= 0.31, p<0.01 respectively). Discussion Traumatic events are related with more frequent and distressful PLEs. Accompanying distress and PLEs’ persistence were found to have an impact in adolescents’ psychological burden. Mental health professionals should carefully record any history of traumatic events in adolescents’ life, especially to those with frequent and distressing PLEs and vice-versa.
{"title":"Psychotic- like experiences (PLEs) and trauma in adolescents: the role of PLEs' persistence and distress in overall psychological burden","authors":"Savvina Mylona, K. Triantafyllou, K. Papanikolaou, C. Tzavara, Niki Skopeliti, G. Kolaitis","doi":"10.1080/17522439.2021.1961010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2021.1961010","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) have been recognized as having clinical relevance for predicting psychopathological outcomes. Adverse childhood experiences may contribute to the development of these experiences. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between trauma and PLEs and the role of PLEs’ persistence and accompanying distress in adolescents’ overall psychological burden. Methods 71 adolescents (12–18 years) who were under institutional protection and a community sample of 48 adolescents completed the community assessment of psychic experience (CAPE), the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), and the traumatic events questionnaire. Results Previous experience of more traumatic events was significantly associated with greater frequency (r= 0.29, p<0.01) and distress (r= 0.19, p<0.05) in positive dimension and greater frequency in depressive (r= 0.37, p<0.001) and CAPE’s total score (r= 0.31, p<0.01). There were significant positive correlations between CAPE’s total frequency and distress and total SDQ (r= 0.73, p<0.001; r= 0.31, p<0.01 respectively). Discussion Traumatic events are related with more frequent and distressful PLEs. Accompanying distress and PLEs’ persistence were found to have an impact in adolescents’ psychological burden. Mental health professionals should carefully record any history of traumatic events in adolescents’ life, especially to those with frequent and distressing PLEs and vice-versa.","PeriodicalId":46344,"journal":{"name":"Psychosis-Psychological Social and Integrative Approaches","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17522439.2021.1961010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41586544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-05DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1957991
Jesse Gates, Eliot Goldstone, Jacinta Clemente, M. Cugnetto, E. Morris, J. Farhall
ABSTRACT Background : Psychosocial, evidence-based interventions (EBI) may support personal recovery from psychosis; however, little is known about their implementation. Methods : This paper describes the adaptation, implementation, and evaluation of a psychosocial EBI, group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), designed to support personal recovery of people living with psychosis who are accessing Australian public mental health services. We outline the process of adapting and implementing a group program, and present results of a qualitative analysis of facilitator experiences of the first 6 groups conducted involving 69 participants. Eight facilitators participated in an expert-led reflective interview developed to gather feedback in five domains. Results : A thematic analysis of transcribed audio-recorded interviews elicited nine themes that indicated: local adaptations facilitated participant learning; targeted efforts to engage all stakeholders were successful; clinical supervision and research support by local experts enabled program implementation and evaluation; implementation offered facilitators personal rewards; and a need for further engagement of organisational support. Discussion : This paper identifies enablers of successful adaptation and implementation of ACT groups for recovery from psychosis, an EBI in public mental health services. Study limitations include the risk of a self-serving reporting bias and the absence of lived experience expertise in group facilitation and evaluation.
{"title":"Adapting and implementing Acceptance and Commitment Therapy groups to support personal recovery of adults living with psychosis: a qualitative study of facilitators’ experiences","authors":"Jesse Gates, Eliot Goldstone, Jacinta Clemente, M. Cugnetto, E. Morris, J. Farhall","doi":"10.1080/17522439.2021.1957991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2021.1957991","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background : Psychosocial, evidence-based interventions (EBI) may support personal recovery from psychosis; however, little is known about their implementation. Methods : This paper describes the adaptation, implementation, and evaluation of a psychosocial EBI, group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), designed to support personal recovery of people living with psychosis who are accessing Australian public mental health services. We outline the process of adapting and implementing a group program, and present results of a qualitative analysis of facilitator experiences of the first 6 groups conducted involving 69 participants. Eight facilitators participated in an expert-led reflective interview developed to gather feedback in five domains. Results : A thematic analysis of transcribed audio-recorded interviews elicited nine themes that indicated: local adaptations facilitated participant learning; targeted efforts to engage all stakeholders were successful; clinical supervision and research support by local experts enabled program implementation and evaluation; implementation offered facilitators personal rewards; and a need for further engagement of organisational support. Discussion : This paper identifies enablers of successful adaptation and implementation of ACT groups for recovery from psychosis, an EBI in public mental health services. Study limitations include the risk of a self-serving reporting bias and the absence of lived experience expertise in group facilitation and evaluation.","PeriodicalId":46344,"journal":{"name":"Psychosis-Psychological Social and Integrative Approaches","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17522439.2021.1957991","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46229490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-19DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1952296
Z. Fekete, E. Vass, Ramóna Balajthy, Ünige Tana, A. Nagy, Barnabás Oláh, Ildikó Kuritárné Szabó
ABSTRACT Background Evidence of the effect of metacognitive and social cognitive impairment on the symptoms and functioning of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia led to the development of the Metacognitive Training. We hypothesise that improvement in these cognitive functions leads to less severe symptoms and to better adaptation to real-life social situations, which would be reflected in aspects of the patients’ demographic status. Method We report the additional findings of a randomised, controlled, single-blind study with a six-month follow-up period. We provided 36 patients with training to improve their metacognition and social cognition. The control group received treatment as usual. Symptom severity, measured by the PANSS scale, and demographic data were assessed at baseline and six months after the training. Results Compared to the control group, the intervention group showed less severe symptoms, and achieved more progress in demographic status. These steps may be statistically non-significant; yet, may represent crucial changes in some patients’ lives. Discussion Metacognitive Training is not only an appropriate method to decrease symptom severity, but the training of metacognitive and social cognitive functions can also contribute to a better adaptation to real-life.
{"title":"Basic demographic outcomes: additional findings of a single-blind, randomised, controlled trial on metacognitive training for psychosis","authors":"Z. Fekete, E. Vass, Ramóna Balajthy, Ünige Tana, A. Nagy, Barnabás Oláh, Ildikó Kuritárné Szabó","doi":"10.1080/17522439.2021.1952296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2021.1952296","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Evidence of the effect of metacognitive and social cognitive impairment on the symptoms and functioning of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia led to the development of the Metacognitive Training. We hypothesise that improvement in these cognitive functions leads to less severe symptoms and to better adaptation to real-life social situations, which would be reflected in aspects of the patients’ demographic status. Method We report the additional findings of a randomised, controlled, single-blind study with a six-month follow-up period. We provided 36 patients with training to improve their metacognition and social cognition. The control group received treatment as usual. Symptom severity, measured by the PANSS scale, and demographic data were assessed at baseline and six months after the training. Results Compared to the control group, the intervention group showed less severe symptoms, and achieved more progress in demographic status. These steps may be statistically non-significant; yet, may represent crucial changes in some patients’ lives. Discussion Metacognitive Training is not only an appropriate method to decrease symptom severity, but the training of metacognitive and social cognitive functions can also contribute to a better adaptation to real-life.","PeriodicalId":46344,"journal":{"name":"Psychosis-Psychological Social and Integrative Approaches","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17522439.2021.1952296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42111619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-06DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1909112
A. Bennetts, Lusia L. Stopa, K. Newman-Taylor
ABSTRACT Background Psychosis is one of the most disabling and costly long-term conditions, and treatment outcomes remain modest. Interventions focused on specific symptoms, such as paranoia, show promise and typically target cognitive and behavioural maintenance processes. Anxiety is implicated in theories of paranoia; however, the nature of the relationship remains unclear. We review experimental studies of paranoia and anxiety against existing cognitive models. Method A systematic review strategy identified experimental studies assessing levels of anxiety and paranoia. Papers were assessed for quality, and data relating to samples, measures, designs and key findings were extracted and narratively synthesised. Results Nineteen studies met criteria for the review. Most found that manipulations impacting anxiety also impacted paranoia, with preliminary evidence for a causal relationship. The overall quality of the research was weak. Discussion We recommend a research agenda to confirm initial evidence for the causal role of anxiety in increased paranoia, and whether targeting affect, in addition to cognitive and behavioural maintenance processes, improves outcomes in clinical groups and those at risk of psychosis.
{"title":"What can experimental studies tell us about paranoia and anxiety? A systematic review with implications for theory and clinical practice","authors":"A. Bennetts, Lusia L. Stopa, K. Newman-Taylor","doi":"10.1080/17522439.2021.1909112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2021.1909112","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Psychosis is one of the most disabling and costly long-term conditions, and treatment outcomes remain modest. Interventions focused on specific symptoms, such as paranoia, show promise and typically target cognitive and behavioural maintenance processes. Anxiety is implicated in theories of paranoia; however, the nature of the relationship remains unclear. We review experimental studies of paranoia and anxiety against existing cognitive models. Method A systematic review strategy identified experimental studies assessing levels of anxiety and paranoia. Papers were assessed for quality, and data relating to samples, measures, designs and key findings were extracted and narratively synthesised. Results Nineteen studies met criteria for the review. Most found that manipulations impacting anxiety also impacted paranoia, with preliminary evidence for a causal relationship. The overall quality of the research was weak. Discussion We recommend a research agenda to confirm initial evidence for the causal role of anxiety in increased paranoia, and whether targeting affect, in addition to cognitive and behavioural maintenance processes, improves outcomes in clinical groups and those at risk of psychosis.","PeriodicalId":46344,"journal":{"name":"Psychosis-Psychological Social and Integrative Approaches","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17522439.2021.1909112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42605967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1924242
Lucy V. Armstrong, L. Hogg, P. Jacobsen
ABSTRACT Background Many individuals have positive experiences of voice-hearing (VH). However, current assessment tools do not capture positive aspects of VH as comprehensively as they do negative aspects. This may limit assessment and formulation of VH when people seek support from mental health services. Our review question was therefore:- ‘Do voice-hearing assessment measures capture the positive experiences of individuals, and to what extent?’ Method We conducted a systematic review of assessment measures which included at least one item on VH. We developed a novel framework to define “positive VH experiences”, which was co-produced by clinical experts in psychosis and people with VH experiences. This framework was then used to identify and map items relating to positive aspects of VH. Results Thirty-three measures were identified, of which twenty incorporated positive VH experiences. Measures published within the last decade (2009-2019) captured a greater number and diversity of positive VH experiences, compared to measures published prior to 2009. Items relating to the function/intention of voices and the emotional impact, were most commonly identified. Discussion Results suggest that research perceptions around VH are broadening and the nuances of experiences are increasingly considered alongside everyday and positive psychological functioning. Implications for both services and voice-hearers are discussed in the paper.
{"title":"Do voice-hearing assessment measures capture the positive experiences of individuals, and to what extent? A systematic review of published assessment measures","authors":"Lucy V. Armstrong, L. Hogg, P. Jacobsen","doi":"10.1080/17522439.2021.1924242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2021.1924242","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Many individuals have positive experiences of voice-hearing (VH). However, current assessment tools do not capture positive aspects of VH as comprehensively as they do negative aspects. This may limit assessment and formulation of VH when people seek support from mental health services. Our review question was therefore:- ‘Do voice-hearing assessment measures capture the positive experiences of individuals, and to what extent?’ Method We conducted a systematic review of assessment measures which included at least one item on VH. We developed a novel framework to define “positive VH experiences”, which was co-produced by clinical experts in psychosis and people with VH experiences. This framework was then used to identify and map items relating to positive aspects of VH. Results Thirty-three measures were identified, of which twenty incorporated positive VH experiences. Measures published within the last decade (2009-2019) captured a greater number and diversity of positive VH experiences, compared to measures published prior to 2009. Items relating to the function/intention of voices and the emotional impact, were most commonly identified. Discussion Results suggest that research perceptions around VH are broadening and the nuances of experiences are increasingly considered alongside everyday and positive psychological functioning. Implications for both services and voice-hearers are discussed in the paper.","PeriodicalId":46344,"journal":{"name":"Psychosis-Psychological Social and Integrative Approaches","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17522439.2021.1924242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43812710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1945664
Dagmara Mętel, A. Cechnicki, Aleksandra Arciszewska-Leszczuk, Renata Pionke-Ubych, Martyna Krężołek, P. Błądziński, D. Frydecka, Ł. Gawęda
ABSTRACT Background Resilience has been increasingly recognized as a relevant area of research and clinical intervention in mental health. Although resilience is considered a putative protective factor against psychopathology development, its role in psychosis continuum disorders has been less frequently recognized. Aims To examine neurocognitive and personality underpinnings of resilience in individuals prone to psychosis. Methods 92 young adults were assessed with the battery of cognitive tests, TCI, CES-D, CAARMS, PQ-16, and CD-RISC-10. Linear regression was conducted to check, if resilience predicted the level of psychopathology. Correlational analysis was conducted to verify the relationships of resilience with neurocognitive and personality measures. A hierarchical multiple regression model was built to explain the predictors of resilience. Results Lower resilience predicted higher severity of the total CAARMS score, but was not related to positive symptoms. Cognition, personality, and depressive symptoms affected resilience. The strongest predictor of resilience was the severity of depressive symptoms. Discussion Interventions buffering resilience for psychosis-prone individuals should include therapeutic work on ego-strength and tasks mastering cognitive flexibility.
{"title":"Cognitive and personality predictors of trait resilience in young people with psychosis proneness: an exploratory study","authors":"Dagmara Mętel, A. Cechnicki, Aleksandra Arciszewska-Leszczuk, Renata Pionke-Ubych, Martyna Krężołek, P. Błądziński, D. Frydecka, Ł. Gawęda","doi":"10.1080/17522439.2021.1945664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2021.1945664","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Resilience has been increasingly recognized as a relevant area of research and clinical intervention in mental health. Although resilience is considered a putative protective factor against psychopathology development, its role in psychosis continuum disorders has been less frequently recognized. Aims To examine neurocognitive and personality underpinnings of resilience in individuals prone to psychosis. Methods 92 young adults were assessed with the battery of cognitive tests, TCI, CES-D, CAARMS, PQ-16, and CD-RISC-10. Linear regression was conducted to check, if resilience predicted the level of psychopathology. Correlational analysis was conducted to verify the relationships of resilience with neurocognitive and personality measures. A hierarchical multiple regression model was built to explain the predictors of resilience. Results Lower resilience predicted higher severity of the total CAARMS score, but was not related to positive symptoms. Cognition, personality, and depressive symptoms affected resilience. The strongest predictor of resilience was the severity of depressive symptoms. Discussion Interventions buffering resilience for psychosis-prone individuals should include therapeutic work on ego-strength and tasks mastering cognitive flexibility.","PeriodicalId":46344,"journal":{"name":"Psychosis-Psychological Social and Integrative Approaches","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17522439.2021.1945664","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43867345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1936142
B. Jones, P. Jacobsen
ABSTRACT Background An initiative was proposed to integrate local Hearing Voices Groups within statutory adult mental health services in a particular NHS Trust. The aim of this service evaluation was to assess clinician’s attitudes towards, and understandings, of the groups to better inform the proposal. Methods Multi-disciplinary NHS staff members were invited to participate in a brief survey on their attitudes towards and understanding about Hearing Voices Groups. The survey was co-produced with people with lived experience of hearing voices, and local mental health professionals. Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data from an additional free text section of the survey. Results Forty mental health professionals responded to the survey. There was majority agreement (>50% agreement) on all items related to perceived benefit of Hearing Voices Groups. The findings also showed that only 25% of respondents felt that they were aware of the evidence base for Hearing Voices Groups and only 30% felt confident explaining Hearing Voices Groups to service users. Discussion The data suggest that the majority of mental health professionals hold positive attitudes towards Hearing Voices Groups. However, many expressed uncertainty about the evidence base and discussing the groups with service users, highlighting further training needs in these areas.
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Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2021.1949385
J. Dillon, D. Corstens, Olga Runciman
We have lost Sandra Escher. She died in Amsterdam on the 31st of May 2021. Sandra and her husband Marius Romme were the founders of the international Hearing Voices Network in partnership with numerous voice hearers. “It started in our living room” Sandra used to say. Their house was always open to people who wanted to change the world. What began as a humble, grassroots initiative has evolved and developed in the following 35 years into a human rights movement and a global mental health organisation. Sandra trained as a scientific journalist and met Marius, then a professor in social psychiatry through their shared passion of horse riding. They soon became professionally involved and later fell in love and began a long and fruitful relationship. Many people around the world joined them on this road of empowerment and were inspired to change their lives and that of others. Sandra was an energetic, ambitious, and warm woman. She could easily connect with people and was always interested in their stories. Voice hearers confided in her. Sandra and Marius created the Maastricht Hearing Voices Interview that is now globally used as a tool to elucidate personal meaning and clarity on the voice hearing experience. Together they published several books of which Accepting Voices (Romme & Escher, 1993), Making Sense of Voices (Romme & Escher, 2000) and Living with Voices (Romme et al., 2009) are the most important; the titles represent the new paradigm they created. Sandra started her own research after she had organised an impressive conference for voice hearing children and their parents in the Zoo of Amsterdam in 1995. She embarked on her groundbreaking PhD with 80 children who heard voices, in Birmingham and Maastricht, who she followed for three years (2002b; Escher, 2005; Escher et al., 2003, 2004, 2002a). Important conclusions she discovered were: that there were no different outcomes in the children who were in treatment and those who were not in treatment; most children did not hear voices anymore (60%), and children can learn to cope with their voices. She published her accessible book about her research that was both for children and parents containing hopeful information (Escher, 2010). Sandra was passionate that as many of the voice hearers that she had encountered began hearing voices in childhood, she was keen that children should be diverted from services that might pathologise their experiences and derail them into a life as a long-term psychiatric patient. The key message was that hearing voices is a common, human experience which is often intimately bound up in meaningful responses to difficult life events. Sandra and Marius started Resonance, the Dutch network for voice hearers and were involved for many years. Sandra was publisher of the journal “Klankspiegel”. She was a member of the board of Intervoice (www.intervoiceonlione.org), a charity working and advocating for the emancipation of voice hearers. Since 1987 she organised many Du
我们失去了桑德拉·埃舍尔。她于2021年5月31日在阿姆斯特丹去世。Sandra和她的丈夫Marius Romme是国际听声网络的创始人，与众多听声者合作。“一切始于我们的客厅，”桑德拉过去常说。他们的房子总是对想要改变世界的人开放。最初是一个不起眼的基层倡议，在接下来的35年里发展成为一个人权运动和一个全球精神卫生组织。桑德拉接受了科学记者的培训，并通过对骑马的共同爱好认识了马吕斯，后来他成为了社会精神病学教授。他们很快就成为了专业人士，后来坠入爱河，开始了一段漫长而富有成果的关系。世界各地的许多人加入了这条赋予权力的道路，并受到启发，改变了自己和他人的生活。桑德拉是一个精力充沛、雄心勃勃、热情的女人。她很容易与人沟通，对他们的故事总是很感兴趣。听众向她倾诉心声。桑德拉和马里乌斯创建了马斯特里赫特听力访谈，现在在全球范围内被用作阐明个人意义和清晰的声音听力体验的工具。他们共同出版了几本书，其中最重要的是《接受声音》(Romme & Escher, 1993)、《理解声音》(Romme & Escher, 2000)和《与声音共存》(Romme et al.， 2009);这些标题代表了他们创造的新范式。1995年，桑德拉在阿姆斯特丹动物园为有听觉的孩子和他们的父母组织了一次令人印象深刻的会议，之后她开始了自己的研究。她在伯明翰和马斯特里赫特与80名听到声音的孩子一起开始了她开创性的博士研究，她跟踪了他们三年(2002b;埃舍尔,2005;Escher et al.， 2003, 2004, 2002)。她发现的重要结论是接受治疗的孩子和没有接受治疗的孩子没有什么不同的结果;大多数孩子不再听到声音(60%)，孩子可以学会处理他们的声音。她出版了一本通俗易懂的关于她的研究的书，书中包含了充满希望的信息，既适用于儿童，也适用于父母(Escher, 2010)。桑德拉热情地认为，她遇到的许多幻听者在童年时期就开始幻听，她热切地希望孩子们应该远离那些可能使他们的经历病态化并使他们成为长期精神病患者的服务。关键信息是，幻听是一种常见的人类体验，通常与对困难生活事件的有意义反应密切相关。桑德拉和马里乌斯创办了共振，荷兰的声音听众网络，并参与了多年。桑德拉是《三党明镜》杂志的出版人。她是Intervoice (www.intervoiceonlione.org)的董事会成员，这是一个致力于倡导声音听众解放的慈善机构。自1987年以来，她组织了许多关于听力声音的荷兰会议，并于2009年组织了第一届世界听力声音大会。世界听声大会已成为一项重要的年度活动，参与者和贡献者来自全球各地。我们将在今年爱尔兰科克市的大会上向桑德拉致敬。
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