Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.1080/0144039X.2023.2189517
Anjali DasSarma, Linford D. Fisher
ABSTRACT The scholarship on early American slavery has not always fully acknowledged the persistent presence of enslaved and unfree Indigenous men, women, and children in the American colonies and (later) states. This paper aims to contribute to the broader conversation on the nature of American slavery by examining the presence of enslaved Native people and servants in the eighteenth century through the lens of 1,066 advertisements related to Indigenous people between 1704 and 1804 in colonial newspaper ‘runaway slave’ / self-emancipated and ‘to be sold’ advertisements, all drawn from the America’s Historical Newspapers database. A close examination of these advertisements reveals not only a surprisingly robust ongoing presence, but also important trends in terms of sex, racialization and race-designations by colonists, and varieties of slavery, servitude, and unfreedom, as well as the role of early newspapers in supporting and profiting from the business of slavery, including turning citizens into slave patrollers.
{"title":"The Persistence of Indigenous Unfreedom in Early American Newspaper Advertisements, 1704–1804","authors":"Anjali DasSarma, Linford D. Fisher","doi":"10.1080/0144039X.2023.2189517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144039X.2023.2189517","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The scholarship on early American slavery has not always fully acknowledged the persistent presence of enslaved and unfree Indigenous men, women, and children in the American colonies and (later) states. This paper aims to contribute to the broader conversation on the nature of American slavery by examining the presence of enslaved Native people and servants in the eighteenth century through the lens of 1,066 advertisements related to Indigenous people between 1704 and 1804 in colonial newspaper ‘runaway slave’ / self-emancipated and ‘to be sold’ advertisements, all drawn from the America’s Historical Newspapers database. A close examination of these advertisements reveals not only a surprisingly robust ongoing presence, but also important trends in terms of sex, racialization and race-designations by colonists, and varieties of slavery, servitude, and unfreedom, as well as the role of early newspapers in supporting and profiting from the business of slavery, including turning citizens into slave patrollers.","PeriodicalId":46405,"journal":{"name":"Slavery & Abolition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44158125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.1080/0144039X.2023.2188202
Jorge E. Delgadillo Núñez
ABSTRACT Based on an extensive documentary database, this study charts the evolution of the slave market in seventeenth-century Guadalajara. The case of colonial Guadalajara offers a fascinating contrast to the better-known markets of Mexico City, Puebla, and Veracruz. Contrary to what happened in those cities, the local slave trade to Guadalajara peaked after 1640. Slavery thus remained significant for the economy of the region until at least the beginning of the eighteenth century. The study shows how the slave market of Guadalajara transitioned from more enslaved Africans being sold at the beginning of the century to mostly American-born slaves sold at the end of the period; from mostly enslaved negros sold to a majority of enslaved mulatos; and from more enslaved men being sold at the beginning of the century to more enslaved women sold at the end. These processes happened in the midst of gradually decreasing slave prices across the whole period. By shifting away the focus from Central Mexico to a lesser-known place, this article nuances our understanding of the transatlantic slave trade to Mexico and offers a reinterpretation of the history of colonial Guadalajara’s slave market.
{"title":"Enslaved Women and Creoles in Guadalajara’s Slave Market, 1615–1735","authors":"Jorge E. Delgadillo Núñez","doi":"10.1080/0144039X.2023.2188202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144039X.2023.2188202","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Based on an extensive documentary database, this study charts the evolution of the slave market in seventeenth-century Guadalajara. The case of colonial Guadalajara offers a fascinating contrast to the better-known markets of Mexico City, Puebla, and Veracruz. Contrary to what happened in those cities, the local slave trade to Guadalajara peaked after 1640. Slavery thus remained significant for the economy of the region until at least the beginning of the eighteenth century. The study shows how the slave market of Guadalajara transitioned from more enslaved Africans being sold at the beginning of the century to mostly American-born slaves sold at the end of the period; from mostly enslaved negros sold to a majority of enslaved mulatos; and from more enslaved men being sold at the beginning of the century to more enslaved women sold at the end. These processes happened in the midst of gradually decreasing slave prices across the whole period. By shifting away the focus from Central Mexico to a lesser-known place, this article nuances our understanding of the transatlantic slave trade to Mexico and offers a reinterpretation of the history of colonial Guadalajara’s slave market.","PeriodicalId":46405,"journal":{"name":"Slavery & Abolition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46991957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.1080/0144039X.2023.2192203
L. DeMarco
ABSTRACT This article analyzes the values of older enslaved women on cotton and sugar plantations in the antebellum lower Mississippi Valley. Planters derived efficiency value from aged enslaved women’s medical knowledge, domestic skills, and care-taking skills, believing that these qualities could be used to create maximally productive workforces. This meaning that planters and overseers placed on some older women was a perversion of value these women often held within enslaved communities. Enslaved people valued medical knowledge and a specific kind of social tact known as ‘Mother Wit’ because they were crucial tools for surviving slavery and resisting its degrading effects. The article utilizes plantation business records, agricultural trade publications, interviews with formerly enslaved people, and a composite and speculative methodology akin to Marisa J. Fuentes’ approach to ‘archival fragments’. It builds on the work of historians of enslaved aging as well as scholarship in the history of plantation medicine and the history of capitalism and slavery. Ultimately, this research demonstrates that there were complex understandings of aging on the plantation to both enslavers and the enslaved.
本文分析了内战前密西西比河谷下游棉花和甘蔗种植园的老年奴隶妇女的价值。种植园主从被奴役的老年妇女的医学知识、家务技能和护理技能中获得了效率价值，他们相信这些品质可以用来创造最大限度的生产力劳动力。种植园主和监工对一些老年妇女施加的这种意义是对这些妇女在被奴役的社区中通常持有的价值的曲解。被奴役的人重视医学知识和一种被称为“机智母亲”的特殊社会机智，因为它们是在奴隶制中生存和抵抗其堕落影响的关键工具。这篇文章利用了种植园的商业记录、农业贸易出版物、对以前被奴役的人的采访，以及一种类似于玛丽莎·j·富恩特斯(Marisa J. Fuentes)对“档案碎片”的方法的综合和推测方法。它建立在奴隶老龄化历史学家的工作基础上，也建立在种植园医学史、资本主义和奴隶制历史方面的学术研究基础上。最终，本研究表明，在种植园上，奴隶和奴隶对衰老都有复杂的理解。
{"title":"Managing ‘Old Mammy’, Making ‘Mother Wit’: Older Enslaved Women, Efficiency, and Survival on the Plantation","authors":"L. DeMarco","doi":"10.1080/0144039X.2023.2192203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144039X.2023.2192203","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyzes the values of older enslaved women on cotton and sugar plantations in the antebellum lower Mississippi Valley. Planters derived efficiency value from aged enslaved women’s medical knowledge, domestic skills, and care-taking skills, believing that these qualities could be used to create maximally productive workforces. This meaning that planters and overseers placed on some older women was a perversion of value these women often held within enslaved communities. Enslaved people valued medical knowledge and a specific kind of social tact known as ‘Mother Wit’ because they were crucial tools for surviving slavery and resisting its degrading effects. The article utilizes plantation business records, agricultural trade publications, interviews with formerly enslaved people, and a composite and speculative methodology akin to Marisa J. Fuentes’ approach to ‘archival fragments’. It builds on the work of historians of enslaved aging as well as scholarship in the history of plantation medicine and the history of capitalism and slavery. Ultimately, this research demonstrates that there were complex understandings of aging on the plantation to both enslavers and the enslaved.","PeriodicalId":46405,"journal":{"name":"Slavery & Abolition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43600527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-07DOI: 10.1080/0144039X.2023.2177158
S. Hickson
ABSTRACT The Metropolitan Museum’s Portrait of a Man in Armour with Two Pages, painted a sixteenth-century portrait by the Venetian artist Paris Bordone, has been of great interest to art and cultural historians studying the depiction of Black subjects in early modern portrait art, because it is the earliest known work to depict a Black page attending a White male subject. It influenced the development of a distinct European portrait type in which aristocratic white sitters were represented with enslaved Black attendants in which their unequal power relations underscored by the rigid hierarchies of their proximities. Lugo-Ortiz and Rosenthal observe that the result of this motif is ‘the paradoxical presence and erasure of the enslaved subject in portraiture’ as material subjects that are seen but not acknowledged. Such a voluntary ‘erasure’ of what is clearly present also applies to the ways we have read archival documents about enslaved people from the point of view of the colonizer. Here, I re-read both the painting and the documents to restore the identities of both the main soldier subject and his Black slave, Francisco of Ethiopia, by drawing attention to our encoded methods of reading racialized subjects in the gallery and in the archive.
{"title":"For the Record: Muzio Costanzo, ‘Franciscus Etiopem’, and Paris Bordon’s Portrait of a Man in Armour with Two Pages","authors":"S. Hickson","doi":"10.1080/0144039X.2023.2177158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144039X.2023.2177158","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Metropolitan Museum’s Portrait of a Man in Armour with Two Pages, painted a sixteenth-century portrait by the Venetian artist Paris Bordone, has been of great interest to art and cultural historians studying the depiction of Black subjects in early modern portrait art, because it is the earliest known work to depict a Black page attending a White male subject. It influenced the development of a distinct European portrait type in which aristocratic white sitters were represented with enslaved Black attendants in which their unequal power relations underscored by the rigid hierarchies of their proximities. Lugo-Ortiz and Rosenthal observe that the result of this motif is ‘the paradoxical presence and erasure of the enslaved subject in portraiture’ as material subjects that are seen but not acknowledged. Such a voluntary ‘erasure’ of what is clearly present also applies to the ways we have read archival documents about enslaved people from the point of view of the colonizer. Here, I re-read both the painting and the documents to restore the identities of both the main soldier subject and his Black slave, Francisco of Ethiopia, by drawing attention to our encoded methods of reading racialized subjects in the gallery and in the archive.","PeriodicalId":46405,"journal":{"name":"Slavery & Abolition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46109713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.1080/0144039X.2023.2173005
B. Parten
ABSTRACT Historians of human rights have not had much to say about America’s anti-slavery movement. Scholars tend to focus instead on the early enlightenment or how ideas of human rights emerged over the twentieth century. This essay, however, makes a case for why American abolitionists should be considered early rights pioneers and progenitors of what we know as human rights. It argues that though different factions of the movement had particular conceptions of rights, the movement itself mobilized around a shared rights vision and made this vision of human rights a centre piece of America’s anti-slavery crusade. As a result, the essay intervenes in existing debates about how unified the abolitionists were and what made their thinking ‘modern,’ but it also speaks to the history of human rights by offering the field a new origin story to contend with.
{"title":"‘The Science of Human Rights:’ American Abolitionism and the Language of Human Rights","authors":"B. Parten","doi":"10.1080/0144039X.2023.2173005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144039X.2023.2173005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Historians of human rights have not had much to say about America’s anti-slavery movement. Scholars tend to focus instead on the early enlightenment or how ideas of human rights emerged over the twentieth century. This essay, however, makes a case for why American abolitionists should be considered early rights pioneers and progenitors of what we know as human rights. It argues that though different factions of the movement had particular conceptions of rights, the movement itself mobilized around a shared rights vision and made this vision of human rights a centre piece of America’s anti-slavery crusade. As a result, the essay intervenes in existing debates about how unified the abolitionists were and what made their thinking ‘modern,’ but it also speaks to the history of human rights by offering the field a new origin story to contend with.","PeriodicalId":46405,"journal":{"name":"Slavery & Abolition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42150080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.1080/0144039X.2023.2165064
Daniel Morales-Armstrong
ABSTRACT This article focuses on the reception and effects of the post-emancipation forced labour system in Puerto Rico (1873–1876) and contributes to the global understanding of the transition from slavery to coerced labour in the nineteenth century. Through an analysis of local reports, metropolitan responses, and archival documentation, I examine the ways both Spanish and British colonial administrators obscured and shaped the historical record through their promotion of the narrative of absolute success of the contracting system and minimization of widespread reports of newly-emancipated libertos’ (freedpeople’s) challenges to it. In addition to interrogating the colonial reporting strategies utilized, motivations for narrative silencing, and the consequent effects on the historiography of Puerto Rican emancipation, the article provides glimpses of liberto resistance that constitute direct contradictions to the dominant narrative.
{"title":"Overseen and Overlooked: Spanish and British Silencing of Labor Resistance in Post-Emancipation Puerto Rico","authors":"Daniel Morales-Armstrong","doi":"10.1080/0144039X.2023.2165064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144039X.2023.2165064","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article focuses on the reception and effects of the post-emancipation forced labour system in Puerto Rico (1873–1876) and contributes to the global understanding of the transition from slavery to coerced labour in the nineteenth century. Through an analysis of local reports, metropolitan responses, and archival documentation, I examine the ways both Spanish and British colonial administrators obscured and shaped the historical record through their promotion of the narrative of absolute success of the contracting system and minimization of widespread reports of newly-emancipated libertos’ (freedpeople’s) challenges to it. In addition to interrogating the colonial reporting strategies utilized, motivations for narrative silencing, and the consequent effects on the historiography of Puerto Rican emancipation, the article provides glimpses of liberto resistance that constitute direct contradictions to the dominant narrative.","PeriodicalId":46405,"journal":{"name":"Slavery & Abolition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46410320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.1080/0144039X.2023.2165065
David Alston
ABSTRACT In 1814, an enslaved woman named Antoinette was abducted in Berbice and lived for eleven years in a Maroon camp in Demerara (both parts of what became British Guiana, now Guyana). The camp was well established by the early 1800s and probably continued until emancipation in 1834. The persistence and strength of Maroon settlements throughout Guyana led the colonists to resort not only to force but also to negotiations and amnesties in order to mitigate the threat they posed. The Maroon’s weakness lay in being constrained by alliances between the Amerindians and the white authorities which restricted them geographically to a generally marshy hinterland behind the coastal plantations. Despite a continuing war of attrition with the white colonists, Maroons in Guyana developed complex systems of forest agriculture, trade, and social systems which may reflect some aspects of Akan (and presumably other) cultures. The experience of Antoinette, in as far as it can be recovered, is a reminder that life as a Maroon was difficult and that, for many, other ways of surviving slavery might have had greater appeal.
{"title":"The Guyana Maroons, 1796–1834: Persistent and Resilient until the End of Slavery","authors":"David Alston","doi":"10.1080/0144039X.2023.2165065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144039X.2023.2165065","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 1814, an enslaved woman named Antoinette was abducted in Berbice and lived for eleven years in a Maroon camp in Demerara (both parts of what became British Guiana, now Guyana). The camp was well established by the early 1800s and probably continued until emancipation in 1834. The persistence and strength of Maroon settlements throughout Guyana led the colonists to resort not only to force but also to negotiations and amnesties in order to mitigate the threat they posed. The Maroon’s weakness lay in being constrained by alliances between the Amerindians and the white authorities which restricted them geographically to a generally marshy hinterland behind the coastal plantations. Despite a continuing war of attrition with the white colonists, Maroons in Guyana developed complex systems of forest agriculture, trade, and social systems which may reflect some aspects of Akan (and presumably other) cultures. The experience of Antoinette, in as far as it can be recovered, is a reminder that life as a Maroon was difficult and that, for many, other ways of surviving slavery might have had greater appeal.","PeriodicalId":46405,"journal":{"name":"Slavery & Abolition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47951661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/0144039X.2023.2165224
Élodie Peyrol-Kleiber
those who joined the Union effort towards the end of the war. This chapter also looks at enslaved individuals who joined the Confederacy, though Thorp argues that this only occurred as a result of force and not by choice. The following chapter shifts to look at the post-war status of Montgomery County and how families and communities responded to their newly acquired freedom. Thorp uses this chapter to illuminate post-war tensions between enslavers and recently emancipated individuals while also highlighting moments of continuity. While some individuals engaged in physical and legal battles for freedom and recognition, others maintained relationships with their former enslavers and, in some instances, remained on plantations under varied arrangements. The sixth and final chapter follows the families formed on the Smithfield plantations as they moved away from Montgomery County. This chapter looks at how these individuals navigated new opportunities and challenges as they migrated away from Smithfield to create their own legacies. In the True Blue’s Wake provides a compelling, exceptional, and deeply personal account of life and family during enslavement and in the wake of emancipation. Thorp’s outstanding genealogical research –which is neatly accessible in the appendices – will undoubtedly appeal to academics. At the same time, the easily consumable prose ensures that this story is approachable to a general audience. Like all great endeavours, however, this work does not go unscathed by oversight or errors. Limited evidence in the book’s first half forces the author to make numerous subjective leaps and fill in gaps with possibilities rather than facts. Thorp’s heavy reliance on cohabitation records and inclination to focus primarily on family units leaves many individuals enslaved at Smithfield out of their own story. Additionally, the author alternates between the use of given and surnames – as well as calling numerous individuals by the same surname – which will undoubtedly cause some confusion. Nevertheless, this book’s contributions overshadow its faults. This book is, by all counts, an impressive history that clarifies the undeniable overlap between history and genealogy.
{"title":"The Sun King at Sea: Maritime Art and Galley Slavery in Louis XIV’s France","authors":"Élodie Peyrol-Kleiber","doi":"10.1080/0144039X.2023.2165224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144039X.2023.2165224","url":null,"abstract":"those who joined the Union effort towards the end of the war. This chapter also looks at enslaved individuals who joined the Confederacy, though Thorp argues that this only occurred as a result of force and not by choice. The following chapter shifts to look at the post-war status of Montgomery County and how families and communities responded to their newly acquired freedom. Thorp uses this chapter to illuminate post-war tensions between enslavers and recently emancipated individuals while also highlighting moments of continuity. While some individuals engaged in physical and legal battles for freedom and recognition, others maintained relationships with their former enslavers and, in some instances, remained on plantations under varied arrangements. The sixth and final chapter follows the families formed on the Smithfield plantations as they moved away from Montgomery County. This chapter looks at how these individuals navigated new opportunities and challenges as they migrated away from Smithfield to create their own legacies. In the True Blue’s Wake provides a compelling, exceptional, and deeply personal account of life and family during enslavement and in the wake of emancipation. Thorp’s outstanding genealogical research –which is neatly accessible in the appendices – will undoubtedly appeal to academics. At the same time, the easily consumable prose ensures that this story is approachable to a general audience. Like all great endeavours, however, this work does not go unscathed by oversight or errors. Limited evidence in the book’s first half forces the author to make numerous subjective leaps and fill in gaps with possibilities rather than facts. Thorp’s heavy reliance on cohabitation records and inclination to focus primarily on family units leaves many individuals enslaved at Smithfield out of their own story. Additionally, the author alternates between the use of given and surnames – as well as calling numerous individuals by the same surname – which will undoubtedly cause some confusion. Nevertheless, this book’s contributions overshadow its faults. This book is, by all counts, an impressive history that clarifies the undeniable overlap between history and genealogy.","PeriodicalId":46405,"journal":{"name":"Slavery & Abolition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43740766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/0144039X.2023.2165227
S. Lussana
enslaved person. The fear of betrayal fundamentally characterized the master–slave relationship. With the Civil War and Emancipation, the formally enslaved made efforts to overcome their emotional oppression. They commemorated freedom through holidays, sought information about and reunion with separated family members, and wrote of their newfound happiness and freedom to their former masters. To regain the lost dominance of the old system, white elites employed legal and extra-legal means to reassert themselves emotionally via terrorism through the KKK and the Black Codes. Dwyer mentions a handful of times that her study offers the reader the ‘lived experience’ of slavery. But she is only partly there as the senses are present, but not analysed. Both the enslaved and slaveholding sources offer rich, sensorial clues as to how the emotions act and react. Most importantly, the sources offer us the performative nature of emotions. For instance, when Mary Chestnut and Harriet Jacobs record that men’s sexual abuse of enslaved women was a ‘sore spot’ of slave society. When one heard the quarrelling of a slaveholding couple, one knew and feared the retribution of either the enraged, jealous mistress or the reaction of the caught, angered master. Another example is how enslaved communities uncovered thieves within by combining ‘grave dust’, or dirt from the grave of the deceased, with water. No harm from drinking the mixture meant innocence. Dwyer’s work can assist historians to successfully employ both the emotions and the senses in recovering the historical lived experience. This is a valuable contribution to the history of antebellum American slavery and emotions history. Historians should add their own efforts to this methodological approach, which Dwyer has shown is achievable and greatly expands our understanding of the era.
{"title":"Slavery and Class in the American South: A Generation of Slave Narrative Testimony, 1840–1865","authors":"S. Lussana","doi":"10.1080/0144039X.2023.2165227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144039X.2023.2165227","url":null,"abstract":"enslaved person. The fear of betrayal fundamentally characterized the master–slave relationship. With the Civil War and Emancipation, the formally enslaved made efforts to overcome their emotional oppression. They commemorated freedom through holidays, sought information about and reunion with separated family members, and wrote of their newfound happiness and freedom to their former masters. To regain the lost dominance of the old system, white elites employed legal and extra-legal means to reassert themselves emotionally via terrorism through the KKK and the Black Codes. Dwyer mentions a handful of times that her study offers the reader the ‘lived experience’ of slavery. But she is only partly there as the senses are present, but not analysed. Both the enslaved and slaveholding sources offer rich, sensorial clues as to how the emotions act and react. Most importantly, the sources offer us the performative nature of emotions. For instance, when Mary Chestnut and Harriet Jacobs record that men’s sexual abuse of enslaved women was a ‘sore spot’ of slave society. When one heard the quarrelling of a slaveholding couple, one knew and feared the retribution of either the enraged, jealous mistress or the reaction of the caught, angered master. Another example is how enslaved communities uncovered thieves within by combining ‘grave dust’, or dirt from the grave of the deceased, with water. No harm from drinking the mixture meant innocence. Dwyer’s work can assist historians to successfully employ both the emotions and the senses in recovering the historical lived experience. This is a valuable contribution to the history of antebellum American slavery and emotions history. Historians should add their own efforts to this methodological approach, which Dwyer has shown is achievable and greatly expands our understanding of the era.","PeriodicalId":46405,"journal":{"name":"Slavery & Abolition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49346546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/0144039X.2022.2144050
Arielle Xena Alterwaite
‘In the period after slavery,’ writes sociologist Paul Gilroy in The Black Atlantic, ‘the memory of the slave experience is itself recalled and used as an additional, supplementary instrument with which to construct a distinct interpretation of modernity.’ Though Gilroy is less concerned with the fine arts in this canonical volume, four visual exhibitions of the past year stand as an unwritten chapter of his text. Each struggles differently with how to stage displays of Atlantic-world slavery and its afterlives. Recently on view at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, ‘Afro-Atlantic Histories’ mobilizes Gilroy’s concept of ‘the black Atlantic’ to encompass transnational identities formed after centuries of forced transportation and migration across Europe, Africa, and the Americas. The exhibition uses art to illustrate historical experiences within this loosely defined
社会学家保罗·吉尔罗伊(Paul Gilroy)在《黑大西洋》(the Black Atlantic)中写道:“在奴隶制结束后的时期，对奴隶经历的记忆本身就被唤起，并被用作一种额外的、补充的工具，用来构建对现代性的独特解读。”虽然吉尔罗伊在这本经典的书中不太关注美术，但过去一年的四次视觉展览是他书中未写的章节。对于如何展示大西洋世界的奴隶制及其余波，每个人都有不同的挣扎。最近在华盛顿国家美术馆展出的《非洲-大西洋历史》(african -Atlantic Histories)借用了吉尔罗伊的“黑人大西洋”概念，将几个世纪以来欧洲、非洲和美洲的强制运输和移民形成的跨国身份囊括在内。展览用艺术来说明这个松散定义的历史经验
{"title":"Slavery on Display","authors":"Arielle Xena Alterwaite","doi":"10.1080/0144039X.2022.2144050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0144039X.2022.2144050","url":null,"abstract":"‘In the period after slavery,’ writes sociologist Paul Gilroy in The Black Atlantic, ‘the memory of the slave experience is itself recalled and used as an additional, supplementary instrument with which to construct a distinct interpretation of modernity.’ Though Gilroy is less concerned with the fine arts in this canonical volume, four visual exhibitions of the past year stand as an unwritten chapter of his text. Each struggles differently with how to stage displays of Atlantic-world slavery and its afterlives. Recently on view at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, ‘Afro-Atlantic Histories’ mobilizes Gilroy’s concept of ‘the black Atlantic’ to encompass transnational identities formed after centuries of forced transportation and migration across Europe, Africa, and the Americas. The exhibition uses art to illustrate historical experiences within this loosely defined","PeriodicalId":46405,"journal":{"name":"Slavery & Abolition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48898980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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