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Money supply, exchange rates and office market dynamics: comparative evidence from the UK and Germany 货币供应、汇率和写字楼市场动态:来自英国和德国的比较证据
IF 1.3 Q3 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2021-11-16 DOI: 10.1108/jpif-03-2021-0025
A. Coën, B. Lefebvre
PurposeThe aim of this study is to shed light on the relative importance of money supply and exchange rates variations on office markets prices dynamics.Design/methodology/approachUsing a parsimonious real estate asset pricing model, the authors focus on the two biggest European office markets; namely the United Kingdom and Germany. The authors use a panel approach based on a robust econometric methodology (GMM with correction errors-in-variables). The authors take into account the variations of exchange rates and money supplies for the most important currencies.FindingsThe results highlight the impact of money supplies and exchange rates on office prices after the Global Financial Crisis. The authors report that the monetary policies in the UK and in Germany (Euro zone) have had significant influences in the real estate sector after the Global Financial Crisis. However, the authors identified significant differences between British and German office markets for the 2009–2019 period regarding the impact of money supply and exchange rates variations on the office prices dynamics.Practical implicationsThe results highlight the impact of money supplies and exchange rates on office prices after the Global Financial Crisis. The detailed and exclusive database (composed of the main office markets in the United Kingdom and in Germany) allows the authors to identify significant differences and opportunities for investors.Originality/valueThe authors use a parsimonious model and apply a panel approach based on a robust econometric methodology to analyse the impact of exchange rates and money supply variations on the office prices dynamics. The detailed and exclusive database (composed of the main office markets in the United Kingdom and in Germany) allows the authors to identify significant differences for investors.
本研究的目的是阐明货币供应量和汇率变化对写字楼市场价格动态的相对重要性。采用简约的房地产资产定价模型,作者将重点放在两个最大的欧洲写字楼市场;即英国和德国。作者使用基于稳健计量经济学方法的面板方法(修正变量误差的GMM)。作者考虑了汇率的变化和最重要货币的货币供给。研究结果凸显了全球金融危机后货币供应和汇率对写字楼价格的影响。作者报告说,在全球金融危机之后,英国和德国(欧元区)的货币政策对房地产行业产生了重大影响。然而,作者发现,2009-2019年期间,英国和德国写字楼市场在货币供应和汇率变化对写字楼价格动态的影响方面存在显著差异。实际意义研究结果突出了全球金融危机后货币供应量和汇率对写字楼价格的影响。详细而独特的数据库(由英国和德国的主要办公市场组成)使作者能够为投资者识别重大差异和机会。原创性/价值作者使用一个简约的模型,并应用基于稳健计量经济学方法的面板方法来分析汇率和货币供应变化对写字楼价格动态的影响。详细而独特的数据库(由英国和德国的主要办公市场组成)使作者能够为投资者识别显着差异。
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引用次数: 0
Is tokenization of real estate ready for lift off in APAC? 房地产代币化在亚太地区准备好了吗?
IF 1.3 Q3 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2021-11-16 DOI: 10.1108/jpif-10-2021-0087
Yuen Leng Chow, Kok Keong Tan
PurposeBlockchain and distributed ledger technologies are set to disrupt the real estate sector in all areas: ownership, sale, management and investment. Tokenization moves physical real estate to the digital space and could result in substantial cost savings in the pre- and post-tokenization process. This article discusses whether real estate as an asset class is ready for digitalization in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region.Design/methodology/approachGlobally, the APAC region has the highest digital adaptation/adoption rates. Regulators in the region are also moving fast to clarify their stance on digital assets. This article adopts a holistic view, from trends, regulations, and technology, to discuss the benefits and challenges of digitalizing real estate in APAC.FindingsReal estate tokenization is a nascent market but platforms like BrickX, KASA, ADDX, and Minterest have successfully launched real estate tokens in Australia, South Korea, and Singapore, respectively. Tokenization may prove to be a viable funding source for those relatively poorly capitalized financial markets in the APAC region.Practical implicationsThis paper discusses the current regulatory and business contexts in relation to the pace of tokenization of real estate in APAC. Opportunities and difficulties are outlined in a concise manner to facilitate more discussion in this area.Originality/valueExisting reports and research articles tend to focus on the western markets. This article provides a new perspective on tokenization, specifically in the APAC context.
区块链和分布式账本技术将颠覆房地产行业的所有领域:所有权、销售、管理和投资。令牌化将物理房地产转移到数字空间,并可能在令牌化前后的过程中节省大量成本。本文讨论了房地产作为一种资产类别是否为亚太地区的数字化做好了准备。设计/方法/方法在全球范围内,亚太地区的数字适应/采用率最高。该地区的监管机构也在迅速澄清他们对数字资产的立场。本文从趋势、法规和技术等方面采取整体观点,讨论亚太地区数字化房地产的好处和挑战。房地产代币化是一个新兴市场,但BrickX、KASA、ADDX和interest等平台已经分别在澳大利亚、韩国和新加坡成功推出了房地产代币。对于亚太地区资本相对不足的金融市场来说,代币化可能是一种可行的资金来源。本文讨论了与亚太地区房地产代币化步伐相关的当前监管和商业环境。本文以简明扼要的方式概述了机遇和困难,以便在这方面进行更多的讨论。原创性/价值现有的报告和研究文章倾向于关注西方市场。本文提供了一个关于标记化的新视角,特别是在APAC上下文中。
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引用次数: 7
Can textual analysis solve the underpricing puzzle? A US REIT study 文本分析能解决定价偏低的难题吗?美国房地产投资信托基金研究
IF 1.3 Q3 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.1108/jpif-06-2021-0052
Nino Martin Paulus, M. Koelbl, Wolfgang Schaefers
PurposeAlthough many theories aim to explain initial public offering (IPO) underpricing, initial-day returns of US Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) IPOs remain a “puzzle”. The literature on REIT IPOs has focused on indirect quantitative proxies for information asymmetries between REITs and investors to determine IPO underpricing. This study, however, proposes textual analysis to exploit the qualitative information, revealed through one of the most important documents during the IPO process – Form S-11 – as a direct measure of information asymmetries.Design/methodology/approachThis study determines the level of uncertain language in the prospectus, as well as its similarity to recently filed registration statements, to assess whether textual features can solve the underpricing puzzle. It assumes that uncertain language makes it more difficult for potential investors to price the issue and thus increases underpricing. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that a higher similarity to previous filings indicates that the prospectus provides little useful information and thus does not resolve existing information asymmetries, leading to increased underpricing.FindingsContrary to expectations, this research does not find a statistically significant association between uncertain language in Form S-11 and initial-day returns. This result is interpreted as suggesting that uncertain language in the prospectus does not reflect the issuer's expectations about the company's future prospects, but rather is necessary because of forecasting difficulties and litigation risk. Analyzing disclosure similarity instead, this study finds a statistically and economically significant impact of qualitative information on initial-day returns. Thus, REIT managers may reduce underpricing by voluntarily providing more information to potential investors in Form S-11.Practical implicationsThe results demonstrate that textual analysis can in fact help to explain underpricing of US REIT IPOs, as qualitative information in Forms S-11 decreases information asymmetries between US REIT managers and investors, thus reducing underpricing. Consequently, REIT managers are incentivized to provide as much information as possible to reduce underpricing, while investors could use textual analysis to identify offerings that promise the highest returns.Originality/valueThis is the first study which applies textual analysis to corporate disclosures of US REITs in order to explain IPO underpricing.
目的尽管许多理论都试图解释首次公开募股(IPO)定价偏低的原因,但美国房地产投资信托(REIT)IPO的首日回报率仍然是一个“谜”。关于REIT IPO的文献集中在REITs和投资者之间信息不对称的间接定量代理上,以确定IPO抑价。然而,这项研究提出了文本分析,以利用IPO过程中最重要的文件之一——表S-11所揭示的定性信息,作为信息不对称的直接衡量标准。设计/方法/方法这项研究确定了招股说明书中不确定语言的水平,以及它与最近提交的注册声明的相似性,以评估文本特征是否可以解决定价偏低的问题。它假设不确定的语言会使潜在投资者更难为发行定价,从而增加抑价。此外,据推测,与之前提交的文件更高的相似性表明,招股说明书提供的有用信息很少,因此无法解决现有的信息不对称问题,从而导致定价偏低的情况增加。结果与预期相反,这项研究没有发现S-11中不确定的语言与最初的一天回报之间存在统计学上的显著关联。这一结果被解释为表明,招股说明书中的不确定语言并不能反映发行人对公司未来前景的预期,而是由于预测困难和诉讼风险而有必要的。相反,通过分析披露的相似性,本研究发现定性信息对首日回报的影响在统计学和经济上都具有显著意义。因此,房地产投资信托基金经理可以通过自愿在表格S-11中向潜在投资者提供更多信息来减少抑价。实际含义研究结果表明,文本分析实际上有助于解释美国房地产投资基金IPO的抑价,因为表格S-11的定性信息减少了美国房地产信托基金经理和投资者之间的信息不对称,从而减少了抑价。因此,房地产投资信托基金经理被激励提供尽可能多的信息来减少定价过低,而投资者可以使用文本分析来确定承诺最高回报的产品。原创性/价值这是第一项将文本分析应用于美国REITs公司披露以解释IPO抑价的研究。
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引用次数: 2
All grown up? Market maturity and investment in London's purpose-built student accommodation sector 都长大了?伦敦专门建造的学生住宿市场的成熟度和投资
IF 1.3 Q3 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.1108/jpif-08-2021-0072
N. Livingstone, Danielle Sanderson
PurposeThe UK's purpose-built student accommodation (PBSA) sector has seen significant institutional investment in recent decades. This paper unpacks contemporary trends and perspectives on the sector. It questions whether PBSA has moved from being an “alternative” to “mainstream” residential asset class, framing the analysis through the lens of market maturity.Design/methodology/approachThe methods triangulate perspectives drawn from literature on the evolution of PBSA as an asset class with illustrations of investment trends across the UK between 2005 and 2020 using data from Real Capital Analytics (RCA), combined with findings from 40 semi-structured interviews with investors and stakeholders in PBSA in the UK London is the focus of the work, whilst other regional cities are integrated for comparison.FindingsThe results demonstrate that London's PBSA market is ahead of trends currently being replicated in regional cities. However, the regions currently offer greater return potential and opportunities for risk taking compared to London, where yields are compressed, and the market is considered lower risk. The concept of maturity remains useful as a framework for evaluating markets, however a more granular analysis of sectors is necessary to further understand asset classes within sectors. PBSA continues to trade at a premium across the UK; it is considered the most mature residential asset class.Practical implicationsThe emergence of PBSA as an asset class continues to play a developing role within the residential sector and UK investment market. Risk, value and local context remain key when integrating PBSA into institutional portfolios, and as the first to consider the UK market from a qualitative research approach, this research provides a snapshot of these influences in 2021.Originality/valueOur approach offers original insight into investment trends across the UK and is the first to focus reflections on the London market specifically. The research highlights the role of PBSA as a vanguard asset class for investors into residential, situating its growth within the framework of market maturity and drawing out market nuances from interviews.
目的近几十年来,英国专门建造的学生宿舍(PBSA)行业进行了大量的机构投资。本文揭示了该行业的当代趋势和观点。它质疑PBSA是否已经从“替代品”转变为“主流”住宅资产类别,并从市场成熟度的角度进行分析。设计/方法论/方法论这些方法使用真实资本分析(RCA)的数据,结合对英国PBSA投资者和利益相关者的40次半结构化访谈的结果,对从文献中提取的关于PBSA作为一种资产类别的演变的观点进行了三角分析,并举例说明了2005年至2020年间英国各地的投资趋势,而其他区域城市被整合以进行比较。调查结果表明,伦敦的PBSA市场领先于目前在地区城市复制的趋势。然而,与伦敦相比,这些地区目前提供了更大的回报潜力和风险承担机会,伦敦的收益率被压缩,市场被认为风险更低。成熟度的概念作为评估市场的框架仍然很有用,但有必要对行业进行更细致的分析,以进一步了解行业内的资产类别。PBSA继续在英国各地进行溢价交易;它被认为是最成熟的住宅资产类别。实际含义PBSA作为一种资产类别的出现继续在住宅行业和英国投资市场中发挥着发展作用。在将PBSA纳入机构投资组合时,风险、价值和当地环境仍然是关键,并且作为第一个从定性研究方法考虑英国市场的公司,这项研究提供了2021年这些影响的快照。Originality/value我们的方法对英国各地的投资趋势提供了独到的见解,是第一个专门关注伦敦市场的方法。该研究强调了PBSA作为投资者进入住宅的先锋资产类别的作用,将其增长置于市场成熟度的框架内,并从采访中得出市场的细微差别。
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引用次数: 4
Equity crowdfunding: an empirical investigation of success factors in real estate crowdfunding 股权众筹:房地产众筹成功因素的实证研究
IF 1.3 Q3 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2021-10-21 DOI: 10.1108/jpif-06-2021-0055
G. Gigante, Giacomo Cozzio
PurposeThis study analyses the success factors of crowdfunding campaigns in the real estate sector.Design/methodology/approachThe success factors of general crowdfunding campaigns were identified then adapted to real estate and tested through multiple statistical analyses (T-tests, correlation matrices, variance inflation factor (VIF) and linear regression).FindingsThe findings shows that crowdfunding use in the real estate sector is evolving and that crowdfunding is a potentially disruptive tool in this sector. They also demonstrate that project duration and expected return on investment (ROI) play key roles in campaign success.Research limitations/implicationsResults are based on the Italian context only. Extending the analysis to other markets represents a fruitful starting point for further analysis.Practical implicationsThe outcomes of the paper might be useful both for perspective entrepreneurs, who are considering crowdfunding to finance their projects, and for platforms in order to shape systems and services towards enhancing campaign success.Originality/valueAlthough there are existing studies on crowdfunding success factors and applications of crowdfunding as a tool, no previous study specifically investigates the use of crowdfunding in Italian real estate by analysing success factors.
目的本研究分析房地产行业众筹活动的成功因素。设计/方法/方法确定了一般众筹活动的成功因素,然后将其应用于房地产,并通过多种统计分析(t检验、相关矩阵、方差膨胀因子(VIF)和线性回归)进行测试。研究结果表明,众筹在房地产行业的应用正在不断发展,众筹是该行业潜在的颠覆性工具。他们还表明,项目持续时间和预期投资回报率(ROI)在活动成功中起着关键作用。研究局限性/意义研究结果仅基于意大利语上下文。将分析扩展到其他市场代表了进一步分析的富有成效的起点。实际意义:本文的结果可能对有远见的企业家有用,他们正在考虑通过众筹为他们的项目融资,也可能对平台有用,以便塑造系统和服务,以提高活动的成功。虽然已有关于众筹成功因素和众筹作为工具的应用的研究,但没有研究专门通过分析成功因素来调查众筹在意大利房地产中的使用。
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引用次数: 1
Cognitive bias, intuitive attributes and investment decision quality in commercial real estate in Uganda 认知偏差、直觉属性与乌干达商业地产投资决策质量
IF 1.3 Q3 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.1108/jpif-11-2020-0129
M. Kinatta, T. Kaawaase, J. Munene, I. Nkote, S. K. Nkundabanyanga
PurposeThis study examines the relationship between investor cognitive bias, investor intuitive attributes and investment decision quality in commercial real estate in Uganda.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional research survey was used in this study, and data were collected from 200 investors of commercial real estate in Uganda using a structured questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses derived under this study.FindingsThe results indicate that investor cognitive bias and investor intuitive attributes are positive and significant determinants of investment decision quality in commercial real estate. In addition, the two components of Investor cognitive bias (framing variation and cognitive heuristics) are positive and significant determinants of investment decision quality, whereas mental accounting is a negative and significant determinant of investment decision quality. For investor intuitive attributes, confidence degree and loss aversion are positive and significant determinants of investment decision quality, whereas herding behavior is a negative and significant determinant of investment decision quality in commercial real estate in Uganda.Practical implicationsFor practitioners in commercial real estate sector should emphasize independent evaluation of investment opportunities (framing variation), simplify information regarding investments (Cognitive heuristics), believe in own abilities (Confidence degree), be risk averse (loss aversion) and avoid making decisions based on subjective visual mind (mental accounting) and group think/herding in order to make quality investment decisions. For policymakers, the study has illuminated factors such as provision of reliable information that ought to be taken into account when promulgating policies for regulation of the commercial real estate sector. This will help investors to come up with investment decisions which are plausible.Originality/valueFew studies have focused on investor cognitive bias and investor intuitive attributes on investment decision quality in commercial real estate. This study is the first to examine the relationship, especially in the commercial real estate sector in a developing country like Uganda.
目的本研究考察了乌干达商业地产投资者的认知偏差、投资者直觉属性和投资决策质量之间的关系。设计/方法/方法本研究采用横断面调查,采用结构化问卷从乌干达200名商业地产投资者中收集数据。分层回归分析用于检验本研究得出的假设。研究结果表明,投资者认知偏差和投资者直觉属性是影响商业地产投资决策质量的积极而显著的决定因素。此外,投资者认知偏差的两个组成部分(框架变异和认知启发式)是投资决策质量的积极和显著决定因素,而心理会计是投资决策品质的消极和显著决定因子。对于投资者的直觉属性而言,置信度和损失厌恶是投资决策质量的积极而重要的决定因素,而羊群行为是乌干达商业房地产投资决策质量的一个消极而重要的决定因素。商业房地产行业的从业者应强调对投资机会的独立评估(框架变化),简化投资信息(认知启发式),相信自己的能力(置信度),规避风险(规避损失),避免基于主观视觉思维(心理会计)和群体思维/羊群效应做出决策,以做出高质量的投资决策。对于政策制定者来说,这项研究阐明了在颁布商业房地产行业监管政策时应考虑的因素,如提供可靠信息。这将有助于投资者做出合理的投资决策。原创性/价值很少有研究关注投资者对商业地产投资决策质量的认知偏见和投资者直觉属性。这项研究首次考察了这种关系,尤其是在乌干达这样的发展中国家的商业房地产部门。
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引用次数: 6
Sale and leaseback to market cap rate ratio in emerging markets – an empirical study in Vietnam 新兴市场的售后回租与市值比率——越南的实证研究
IF 1.3 Q3 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1108/jpif-03-2021-0019
Quan Le Truong, Chung Yim Edward Yiu
PurposeThis study hypothesises that sale and leaseback (SLB) cap rate is lower than the market cap rate in emerging economies, and the difference is due to institutional cost and vacancy risk. This study aims to provide a novel SLB-Cap-Rate Model to assess the performance of SLB transaction (SLBT).Design/methodology/approachSLBT data are generally not publicly available in developing countries. This study collected data from 31 SLBTs by conducting semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in Vietnam in 2019. The market cap rates were collected from consultants' reports. The hypotheses are tested by three regression models.FindingsThe results show that the SLBT cap rate is significantly less than the market cap rate in Vietnam, and most of the cap rate discount can be explained by institutional and risk factors. This suggests that SLBT helps to reduce search costs for tenants and vacancy risks. It explains why SLBTs are becoming more common in emerging countries.Practical implicationsThe study has a strong practical implication for assessing the performance of SLBT for both buyers and sellers. It introduces a novel model for analysing the cap rates and potential risks of SLBT to facilitate property investment decisions.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the studies that contains new knowledge on SLBs in a developing country specifically Vietnam.
目的本研究假设新兴经济体的售后回租上限率低于市场上限率,这种差异是由于制度成本和空置风险造成的。本研究旨在提供一种新的SLB上限费率模型来评估SLB交易的绩效。SLBT数据在发展中国家通常不公开。本研究通过对2019年越南利益相关者进行半结构化访谈,收集了31家SLBT的数据。市值利率是从顾问的报告中收集的。通过三个回归模型对这些假设进行了检验。研究结果表明,在越南,SLBT上限利率明显低于市场上限利率,并且大多数上限利率折扣可以用制度和风险因素来解释。这表明SLBT有助于降低租户的搜索成本和空置风险。它解释了为什么SLBT在新兴国家越来越普遍。实际意义该研究对评估买卖双方的SLBT表现具有很强的实际意义。它引入了一个新的模型来分析SLBT的上限利率和潜在风险,以促进房地产投资决策。独创性/价值本文是一项研究,包含了发展中国家(特别是越南)SLB的新知识。
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引用次数: 2
The changing nature of real estate research 房地产研究性质的变化
IF 1.3 Q3 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2021-08-26 DOI: 10.1108/jpif-08-2021-0065
G. Newell
PurposeWith the Journal of Property Investment and Finance (JPIF) being 40 years old, this paper reflects on the changes in real estate research over the last 40 years, the drivers behind these changes and how JPIF has evolved over these 40 years to retain its position as a leading real estate research journal. Challenges and opportunities are also identified for the next generation of real estate researchers to continue to develop the real estate research agenda.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is presented as a reflective article, drawing on a deep personal understanding of real estate research, how it has evolved over the last 40 years, key drivers of these changes and the challenges going forward.FindingsFundamental changes in real estate research over the last 40 years and drivers behind these changes are articulated. A pathway forward for real estate research is identified, as well as how JPIF fits into the mix.Practical implicationsWith real estate research being increasingly important in real estate academics' careers, this article provides a practical roadmap for how real estate research has changed, why it has changed and future opportunities for the next generation of real estate researchers.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to reflect on these key changes and drivers behind these changes in real estate research, as well as the opportunities for the next generation of real estate researchers.
在《房地产投资与金融杂志》(JPIF)创刊40周年之际,本文回顾了过去40年来房地产研究领域的变化,这些变化背后的驱动因素,以及JPIF在过去40年里是如何发展的,以保持其作为领先房地产研究期刊的地位。挑战和机遇也为下一代房地产研究人员确定,以继续发展房地产研究议程。设计/方法/方法本文是一篇反思性文章,借鉴了我个人对房地产研究的深刻理解,包括过去40年房地产研究的演变、这些变化的主要驱动因素以及未来的挑战。在过去的40年里,房地产研究发生了根本性的变化,并阐明了这些变化背后的驱动因素。确定了房地产研究的前进道路,以及JPIF如何融入其中。随着房地产研究在房地产学者的职业生涯中越来越重要,本文为房地产研究如何变化,为什么变化以及下一代房地产研究人员的未来机会提供了一个实用的路线图。原创性/价值这是第一篇反映房地产研究中这些关键变化和这些变化背后的驱动因素,以及下一代房地产研究人员的机会的论文。
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引用次数: 2
EditorialResponding to referees’ reports: a personal perspective 对裁判报告的回应:个人观点
IF 1.3 Q3 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2021-08-19 DOI: 10.1108/jpif-09-2021-185
G. Newell
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引用次数: 0
The determinants of capitalization rates: evidence from the US real estate markets 资本化率的决定因素:来自美国房地产市场的证据
IF 1.3 Q3 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.1108/jpif-12-2020-0140
M. Larriva, Peter D. Linneman
PurposeEstablishing the strength of a novel variable–mortgage debt as a fraction of US gross domestic product (GDP)–on forecasting capitalization rates in both the US office and multifamily sectors.Design/methodology/approachThe authors specifies a vector error correction model (VECM) to the data. VECM are used to address the nonstationarity issues of financial variables while maintaining the information embedded in the levels of the data, as opposed to their differences. The cap rate series used are from Green Street Advisors and represent transaction cap rates which avoids the problem of artificial smoothness found in appraisal-based cap rates.FindingsUsing a VECM specified with the novel variable, unemployment and past cap rates contains enough information to produce more robust forecasts than the traditional variables (return expectations and risk premiums). The method is robust both in and out of sample.Practical implicationsThis has direct implications for governmental policy, offering a path to real estate price stability and growth through mortgage access–functions largely influenced by the Fed and the quasi-federal agencies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. It also offers a timely alternative to interest rate-based forecasting models, which are likely to be less useful as interest rates are to be held low for the foreseeable future.Originality/valueThis study offers a new and highly explanatory variable to the literature while being among the only to model either (1) transactional cap rates (versus appraisal) (2) out-of-sample data (versus in-sample) (3) without the use of the traditional variables thought to be integral to cap rate modelling (return expectations and risk premiums).
目的建立一个新的变量的强度-抵押贷款债务占美国国内生产总值(GDP)的一部分-预测美国办公室和多家庭部门的资本化率。设计/方法/方法作者为数据指定了一个矢量误差校正模型(VECM)。VECM用于解决金融变量的非平稳性问题,同时保持嵌入在数据水平中的信息,而不是它们的差异。所使用的封顶率系列来自Green Street Advisors,代表交易封顶率,从而避免了基于评估的封顶率中存在的人为平滑问题。使用带有新变量的VECM,失业率和过去的上限率包含足够的信息来产生比传统变量(回报预期和风险溢价)更稳健的预测。该方法在样本内外均具有较强的鲁棒性。实际意义这对政府政策有直接的影响,通过抵押贷款获取功能(很大程度上受美联储和准联邦机构房利美和房地美影响)为房地产价格稳定和增长提供了一条途径。它还提供了一个及时的替代基于利率的预测模型,由于利率在可预见的未来将保持在低位,这种预测模型可能用处不大。原创性/价值本研究为文献提供了一个新的和高度解释性的变量,同时是唯一的模型之一(1)交易上限率(相对于评估)(2)样本外数据(相对于样本内)(3)没有使用被认为是上限率建模不可或缺的传统变量(回报预期和风险溢价)。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of Property Investment & Finance
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