Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.14746/quageo-2023-0039
D. Chylińska, K. Kołodziejczyk
Abstract Off-road vehicles (ORVs) have recently become a serious problem not only for natural peripheral areas, but also for those rare green enclaves in heavily urbanised regions. The consequences of motor traffic in naturally valuable areas, including forests, affect the environment together with all its users to different extent. The scale and ubiquity of this type of motor tourism in Poland convinced the authors to research the subject and assess its influence on the forest environment, on the example of the mountains surrounding the region called Worek Okrzeszyna on the Polish-Czech borderland. The authors aimed to determine the scale and character of the phenomenon in forests and environmentally valuable areas in Poland, as well as to assess its scope in the examined research area together with the environmental and social effects. A field inventory of all the trails used by motor tourists was carried out, with particular emphasis on the extent of the network and their environmental consequences. In the ranges surrounding Worek Okrzeszyna from the south, a significant negative impact of illegal motor tourism on the vegetation, soil and relief have been revealed. It occurs wherever the phenomenon takes place: on forest roads, tourist trails and beyond them. Although the main research subject is the pressure of motor tourism on the environment, the authors also raise questions regarding social consequences of the phenomenon (noise, worse aesthetic experience), followed by the limits of tourism as such.
{"title":"Wounded Landscape: Environmental and Social Consequences of (Illegal) Motor Tourism in Forests on the Example of Worek Okrzeszyna (The Central Sudetes on The Polish-Czech Borderland)","authors":"D. Chylińska, K. Kołodziejczyk","doi":"10.14746/quageo-2023-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2023-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Off-road vehicles (ORVs) have recently become a serious problem not only for natural peripheral areas, but also for those rare green enclaves in heavily urbanised regions. The consequences of motor traffic in naturally valuable areas, including forests, affect the environment together with all its users to different extent. The scale and ubiquity of this type of motor tourism in Poland convinced the authors to research the subject and assess its influence on the forest environment, on the example of the mountains surrounding the region called Worek Okrzeszyna on the Polish-Czech borderland. The authors aimed to determine the scale and character of the phenomenon in forests and environmentally valuable areas in Poland, as well as to assess its scope in the examined research area together with the environmental and social effects. A field inventory of all the trails used by motor tourists was carried out, with particular emphasis on the extent of the network and their environmental consequences. In the ranges surrounding Worek Okrzeszyna from the south, a significant negative impact of illegal motor tourism on the vegetation, soil and relief have been revealed. It occurs wherever the phenomenon takes place: on forest roads, tourist trails and beyond them. Although the main research subject is the pressure of motor tourism on the environment, the authors also raise questions regarding social consequences of the phenomenon (noise, worse aesthetic experience), followed by the limits of tourism as such.","PeriodicalId":46433,"journal":{"name":"Quaestiones Geographicae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139024185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.14746/quageo-2024-0002
Kamila Frydrych, Piotr Zagórski
Abstract The shores of Recherchefjorden in western Spitsbergen have undergone significant changes during the 20th and early 21st centuries, resulting from the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) and climate warming. In areas exposed by retreating glaciers, paraglacial processes have had an impact, leading to the development of forms such as spits, lagoons and beaches. The main factors that determine the direction of landform development include wave patterns, the role of longshore currents in material transport, and the state of the fjord’s sea/coast ice. Archival materials such as aerial and satellite photos and geomorphological mapping were used to analyse changes in the length of accumulation forms in Recherchefjorden. Nine accumulation areas were identified along the fjord’s shores. Longshore currents’ primary directions were determined by the arrangement of accumulation forms, flowing southward along the western coast from the Chamberlinelva estuary to Rubypynten, and westward on the eastern outwash plain of Recherchebreen. Material transport along the fjord’s eastern coast is mainly towards the south. Following the LIA, the accumulation rate increased, with the highest values recorded in the second and early third decades of the 21st century. Longshore currents shape accumulation forms such as spits and beaches, but they appear intermittently depending on favourable wave and tidal conditions, transforming coasts and accumulating material through longshore drift. These conditions occur periodically and independently of water circulation or tidal currents, allowing accumulation forms to develop in leaps under intensive material supply, ensuring their stability.
{"title":"Morphodynamics of Recherchefjorden Accumulative Coasts Since the End of the Little Ice Age","authors":"Kamila Frydrych, Piotr Zagórski","doi":"10.14746/quageo-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The shores of Recherchefjorden in western Spitsbergen have undergone significant changes during the 20th and early 21st centuries, resulting from the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) and climate warming. In areas exposed by retreating glaciers, paraglacial processes have had an impact, leading to the development of forms such as spits, lagoons and beaches. The main factors that determine the direction of landform development include wave patterns, the role of longshore currents in material transport, and the state of the fjord’s sea/coast ice. Archival materials such as aerial and satellite photos and geomorphological mapping were used to analyse changes in the length of accumulation forms in Recherchefjorden. Nine accumulation areas were identified along the fjord’s shores. Longshore currents’ primary directions were determined by the arrangement of accumulation forms, flowing southward along the western coast from the Chamberlinelva estuary to Rubypynten, and westward on the eastern outwash plain of Recherchebreen. Material transport along the fjord’s eastern coast is mainly towards the south. Following the LIA, the accumulation rate increased, with the highest values recorded in the second and early third decades of the 21st century. Longshore currents shape accumulation forms such as spits and beaches, but they appear intermittently depending on favourable wave and tidal conditions, transforming coasts and accumulating material through longshore drift. These conditions occur periodically and independently of water circulation or tidal currents, allowing accumulation forms to develop in leaps under intensive material supply, ensuring their stability.","PeriodicalId":46433,"journal":{"name":"Quaestiones Geographicae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.14746/quageo-2024-0001
N. Listyaningrum, D. Mardiatno, E. Pangaribowo, M. Setiawan, J. Sartohadi, Bambang Sulistyo
Abstract This study aims to investigate the dynamic pattern of landscape ecological units (LEUs) and analyse spatial variations of the ecological risk in Parangtritis coastal dune, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A quantitative method was used in this research as part of landscape ecological analysis using a geographic information system. LEUs were interpreted by small format aerial photographs (SFAPs) and verified through field survey, then were calculated using the formula within grids to produce the ecological risk index (ERI) in the total area. According to the sub-class and class scenario, many LEUs showed changes in their landscape pattern. The ERI in the study area consisted of five levels (very low to very high), each of which was spatially varied. The ecological risk formed clusters coinciding with certain LEUs where fragility chiefly contributed to the sub-class scenario, while disturbance contributed to the class scenario.
{"title":"Spatial Analysis of Ecological Risk in a Coastal Dune Landscape Using High Resolution Aerial Photography","authors":"N. Listyaningrum, D. Mardiatno, E. Pangaribowo, M. Setiawan, J. Sartohadi, Bambang Sulistyo","doi":"10.14746/quageo-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to investigate the dynamic pattern of landscape ecological units (LEUs) and analyse spatial variations of the ecological risk in Parangtritis coastal dune, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A quantitative method was used in this research as part of landscape ecological analysis using a geographic information system. LEUs were interpreted by small format aerial photographs (SFAPs) and verified through field survey, then were calculated using the formula within grids to produce the ecological risk index (ERI) in the total area. According to the sub-class and class scenario, many LEUs showed changes in their landscape pattern. The ERI in the study area consisted of five levels (very low to very high), each of which was spatially varied. The ecological risk formed clusters coinciding with certain LEUs where fragility chiefly contributed to the sub-class scenario, while disturbance contributed to the class scenario.","PeriodicalId":46433,"journal":{"name":"Quaestiones Geographicae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.14746/quageo-2023-0028
R. Suligowski, T. Molenda, T. Ciupa
Abstract On the Holy Cross Mountains (southern Poland), located within the tectonic zone of the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ), numerous former quarries exist, including those of Cambrian quarzitic sandstones and sandstones with pyrite veins. This article presents the results of geochemical studies on the waters of the acidic mine pit lake Podwiśniówka (with an area of 1.5 ha and a maximum depth of 7.0 m) conducted in 2018. The tests were carried out in a vertical water column (every 1 m) in the central part of pit lake. The mean concentration of metals/metalloids, determined using inductively coupled plasma-quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS), was found to form the following sequence in decreasing order: As> Cu> Ni> Co> Cr> Zn> U> Pb> Cd> Tl. With increasing depth, there was a general upwards trend in the concentrations of all the determined elements. In all cases, the average value of the single pollution index in the water column greatly exceeds the very strong level in relation to the geochemical background of surface waters globally (As – above 1250 times). The integrated pollution index for the ten trace elements in the water column increases with depth, and its average value exceeding 250 times the highest reference level. At the same time, the cluster analysis carried out showed the existence of two distinct depth zones in the pit lake: upper (0–4 m) and lower (5–7 m), differing in the scale of the water pollution.
{"title":"Case Study of Water Pollution in Podwiśniówka Acid Mine Pit Lake (Holy Cross Mts., Poland)","authors":"R. Suligowski, T. Molenda, T. Ciupa","doi":"10.14746/quageo-2023-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2023-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract On the Holy Cross Mountains (southern Poland), located within the tectonic zone of the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ), numerous former quarries exist, including those of Cambrian quarzitic sandstones and sandstones with pyrite veins. This article presents the results of geochemical studies on the waters of the acidic mine pit lake Podwiśniówka (with an area of 1.5 ha and a maximum depth of 7.0 m) conducted in 2018. The tests were carried out in a vertical water column (every 1 m) in the central part of pit lake. The mean concentration of metals/metalloids, determined using inductively coupled plasma-quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS), was found to form the following sequence in decreasing order: As> Cu> Ni> Co> Cr> Zn> U> Pb> Cd> Tl. With increasing depth, there was a general upwards trend in the concentrations of all the determined elements. In all cases, the average value of the single pollution index in the water column greatly exceeds the very strong level in relation to the geochemical background of surface waters globally (As – above 1250 times). The integrated pollution index for the ten trace elements in the water column increases with depth, and its average value exceeding 250 times the highest reference level. At the same time, the cluster analysis carried out showed the existence of two distinct depth zones in the pit lake: upper (0–4 m) and lower (5–7 m), differing in the scale of the water pollution.","PeriodicalId":46433,"journal":{"name":"Quaestiones Geographicae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45081014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.14746/quageo-2023-0031
K. Piotrowicz, M. Falarz
Abstract This article presents the results of research on the changes and variability of snow cover in Kraków in the 100-year period 1921/22–2020/21 and in its two sub-periods covering the years of the slow and rapid territorial, urban and industrial development of Kraków (respectively, 1921/22–1960/61 and 1961/62–2020/21). The long-term variability of the number of days with snow cover, the maximum depth of the snow layer, the dates of the beginning and end of snow cover duration in the winter season, the potential snow cover duration and the index of snow cover stability were analysed. The directions of changes in the snow cover in the last 100 winter seasons in Kraków correspond to the global changes in air temperature presented in the latest IPCC reports: until the end of the 1950s there were no significant trends, or only small trends were observed, whereas from the beginning of the 1960s faster changes in the snow cover duration and maximum seasonal snow depth have been visible. In the last 60 years (1961/62–2020/21), the impact of global changes in Kraków has been joined by the impact of territorial, demographic and industrial development of the city, causing significant negative trends in snow cover with relative values of less than −9% · 10 years−1, both in the case of snow cover duration and its maximum depth in the winter season; these changes are statistically significant. Throughout the whole 100-year period (1921/22–2020/21) and in its second part (1961/62–2020/21), a decrease in snow cover stability has also been observed.
{"title":"The Change and Variability of Snow Cover in Kraków in a 100-Year Observation Series","authors":"K. Piotrowicz, M. Falarz","doi":"10.14746/quageo-2023-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2023-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents the results of research on the changes and variability of snow cover in Kraków in the 100-year period 1921/22–2020/21 and in its two sub-periods covering the years of the slow and rapid territorial, urban and industrial development of Kraków (respectively, 1921/22–1960/61 and 1961/62–2020/21). The long-term variability of the number of days with snow cover, the maximum depth of the snow layer, the dates of the beginning and end of snow cover duration in the winter season, the potential snow cover duration and the index of snow cover stability were analysed. The directions of changes in the snow cover in the last 100 winter seasons in Kraków correspond to the global changes in air temperature presented in the latest IPCC reports: until the end of the 1950s there were no significant trends, or only small trends were observed, whereas from the beginning of the 1960s faster changes in the snow cover duration and maximum seasonal snow depth have been visible. In the last 60 years (1961/62–2020/21), the impact of global changes in Kraków has been joined by the impact of territorial, demographic and industrial development of the city, causing significant negative trends in snow cover with relative values of less than −9% · 10 years−1, both in the case of snow cover duration and its maximum depth in the winter season; these changes are statistically significant. Throughout the whole 100-year period (1921/22–2020/21) and in its second part (1961/62–2020/21), a decrease in snow cover stability has also been observed.","PeriodicalId":46433,"journal":{"name":"Quaestiones Geographicae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44745729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.14746/quageo-2023-0030
M. Dobek, S. Wereski, Agnieszka Krzyżewska
Abstract The paper analyses biometeorological conditions in Lublin based on the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), and air quality based on the Common Air Quality Index (CAQI). The used data were obtained from the database of IMGW-PIB and RDEM, and cover the period 2015–2021. The most frequently occurring biometeorological conditions were classified as no thermal stress. They were observed with a frequency of 34.3%. Conditions unfavourable for the human organism accounted for 65.7% in total, including those belonging to thermal stress classes related to cold stress (52.3%), and heat stress (13.4%). In the analysed years, 75.5% of cases were with very low and low air pollution. High and very high air pollution usually occurred during biometeorological conditions related to cold stress (from slight cold stress to strong cold stress). During extreme thermal phenomena, such as a cold wave (January 2007) and hot wave (August 2015), unfavourable biometeorological conditions were accompanied by low aerosanitary conditions (low air quality). In the analysed period, and particularly in recent years, an improvement in air quality has been observed, potentially associated with limited mobility of people during the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Variability of Air Quality and Bioclimatic Conditions in an Urban Area: A Case Study of Lublin, Poland","authors":"M. Dobek, S. Wereski, Agnieszka Krzyżewska","doi":"10.14746/quageo-2023-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2023-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper analyses biometeorological conditions in Lublin based on the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), and air quality based on the Common Air Quality Index (CAQI). The used data were obtained from the database of IMGW-PIB and RDEM, and cover the period 2015–2021. The most frequently occurring biometeorological conditions were classified as no thermal stress. They were observed with a frequency of 34.3%. Conditions unfavourable for the human organism accounted for 65.7% in total, including those belonging to thermal stress classes related to cold stress (52.3%), and heat stress (13.4%). In the analysed years, 75.5% of cases were with very low and low air pollution. High and very high air pollution usually occurred during biometeorological conditions related to cold stress (from slight cold stress to strong cold stress). During extreme thermal phenomena, such as a cold wave (January 2007) and hot wave (August 2015), unfavourable biometeorological conditions were accompanied by low aerosanitary conditions (low air quality). In the analysed period, and particularly in recent years, an improvement in air quality has been observed, potentially associated with limited mobility of people during the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":46433,"journal":{"name":"Quaestiones Geographicae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49458667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.14746/quageo-2023-0027
Elhassan Louz, J. Rais, A. Barakat, Abdellah Ait Barka, Samir Nadem
Abstract The Ait Attab syncline, in the southwestern part of the Moroccan Central High Atlas (CHA), is a vast basin characterised by an exceptional geodiversity illustrating the complete sedimentary series in the CHA. This series offers the opportunity to study regional palaeogeography, transgressive and regressive megasequences, Jurassic-Cretaceous volcanism and Atlas tectonics, and various fossils, including dinosaur footprints. The study area also harbours considerable landscape and cultural wealth that can play a significant role in sustainable geotourism and geoeducation development. To promote and protect this geoheritage wealth, the present work provides the first quantitative and qualitative inventory of geosites of interest by adopting Brilha’s (2016) method. Thus, 3 geotrails covering 8 geosites and 11 geodiversity sites have been selected. The evaluation of these sites confirms their scientific and educational importance, which helps understand the geological, tectonic and palaeogeographical evolution of the Ait Attab syncline. The tourist value of these sites is also high, explained by the high interpretative potential of the geosites and their location as a gateway to the M’Goun Unesco geopark. The degradation risk assessment showed that most of these sites have a medium risk, except for palaeontological and magmatic sites, which have a high degradation risk.
{"title":"Inventory and Assessment of Geosites and Geodiversity Sites of the Ait Attab Syncline (M’goun Unesco Geopark, Morocco) to Stimulate Geoconservation, Geotourism and Sustainable Development","authors":"Elhassan Louz, J. Rais, A. Barakat, Abdellah Ait Barka, Samir Nadem","doi":"10.14746/quageo-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Ait Attab syncline, in the southwestern part of the Moroccan Central High Atlas (CHA), is a vast basin characterised by an exceptional geodiversity illustrating the complete sedimentary series in the CHA. This series offers the opportunity to study regional palaeogeography, transgressive and regressive megasequences, Jurassic-Cretaceous volcanism and Atlas tectonics, and various fossils, including dinosaur footprints. The study area also harbours considerable landscape and cultural wealth that can play a significant role in sustainable geotourism and geoeducation development. To promote and protect this geoheritage wealth, the present work provides the first quantitative and qualitative inventory of geosites of interest by adopting Brilha’s (2016) method. Thus, 3 geotrails covering 8 geosites and 11 geodiversity sites have been selected. The evaluation of these sites confirms their scientific and educational importance, which helps understand the geological, tectonic and palaeogeographical evolution of the Ait Attab syncline. The tourist value of these sites is also high, explained by the high interpretative potential of the geosites and their location as a gateway to the M’Goun Unesco geopark. The degradation risk assessment showed that most of these sites have a medium risk, except for palaeontological and magmatic sites, which have a high degradation risk.","PeriodicalId":46433,"journal":{"name":"Quaestiones Geographicae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46288020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.14746/quageo-2023-0032
Joanna Pluto-Kossakowska, Joanna Giczan
Abstract This paper presents the results of a study to determine the potential of radar imaging to detect classes of built-up areas defined in the Urban Atlas (UA) spatial database. The classes are distinguished by function and building density. In addition to the reflectance value itself, characteristics such as building density or spatial layout can improve the identification of these classes. In order to increase the classification possibilities and better exploit the potential of radar imagery, a grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) was generated to analyse the texture of built-up classes. Two types of synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) images from different sensors were used as test data: Sentinel-1 and ICEYE, which were selected for their different setup configurations and parameters. Classification was carried out using the Random Forests (RF) and Minimum Distance (MD) methods. The use of the MD classifier resulted in an overall accuracy of 64% and 51% for Sentinel-1 and ICEYE, respectively. In ICEYE, individual objects (e.g. buildings) are better recognised than classes defined by their function or density, as in UA classes. Sentinel-1 performed better than ICEYE, with its texture images better complementing the features of urban area classes. This remains a significant challenge due to the complexity of urban areas in defining and characterising urban area classes. Automatic acquisition of training fields directly from UA is problematic and it is therefore advisable to independently obtain reference data for built-up area categories.
{"title":"Analysis of Built-Up Classes in Urbanised Zones Using Radar Images","authors":"Joanna Pluto-Kossakowska, Joanna Giczan","doi":"10.14746/quageo-2023-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2023-0032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the results of a study to determine the potential of radar imaging to detect classes of built-up areas defined in the Urban Atlas (UA) spatial database. The classes are distinguished by function and building density. In addition to the reflectance value itself, characteristics such as building density or spatial layout can improve the identification of these classes. In order to increase the classification possibilities and better exploit the potential of radar imagery, a grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) was generated to analyse the texture of built-up classes. Two types of synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) images from different sensors were used as test data: Sentinel-1 and ICEYE, which were selected for their different setup configurations and parameters. Classification was carried out using the Random Forests (RF) and Minimum Distance (MD) methods. The use of the MD classifier resulted in an overall accuracy of 64% and 51% for Sentinel-1 and ICEYE, respectively. In ICEYE, individual objects (e.g. buildings) are better recognised than classes defined by their function or density, as in UA classes. Sentinel-1 performed better than ICEYE, with its texture images better complementing the features of urban area classes. This remains a significant challenge due to the complexity of urban areas in defining and characterising urban area classes. Automatic acquisition of training fields directly from UA is problematic and it is therefore advisable to independently obtain reference data for built-up area categories.","PeriodicalId":46433,"journal":{"name":"Quaestiones Geographicae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44154877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.14746/quageo-2023-0029
Renata Dulias
Abstract Crete is located in the collision zone of tectonic plates; therefore, the island coast was often shaped due to tectonic phenomena. In 365 AD, a major earthquake caused the uplift of the coast of western Crete by a few metres. It means that the modern beaches of this part of the island are fragments of the former seabed with its littoral deposits. Some of these deposits are affected by wind activity. The article aims to answer the question, did wind transport lasting more than 1600 years give the marine deposits the features of aeolian deposits? Grain size and mineral composition were determined for samples from seven research sites in western Crete. Deposits representing three sedimentary environments were examined – high-energy beach, aeolian, and beach with permanent or periodic fluvial supply. Quartz abrasion was established using the morphoscopic method. In the 0.8–1.0 mm fraction, less resistant carbonate minerals dominate (on average, 77%), while the content of more resistant quartz is low (on average, 18%). It means most deposits are relatively young and were briefly in the range of aeolian processes. Coastal deposits are dominated by moderately rounded and mat grains EM/RM, on average 79%. The content of very well-rounded and mat grains RM is low, on average 18%. Multiple predominances of EM/RM grains in relation to RM grains indicate short-term aeolian transport. It can be concluded that the degree of aeolisation of coastal deposits by wind activity from 365 AD to the present is weak, at most moderate.
{"title":"Aeolian Abrasion of the Coastal Deposits on the Western Crete","authors":"Renata Dulias","doi":"10.14746/quageo-2023-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2023-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Crete is located in the collision zone of tectonic plates; therefore, the island coast was often shaped due to tectonic phenomena. In 365 AD, a major earthquake caused the uplift of the coast of western Crete by a few metres. It means that the modern beaches of this part of the island are fragments of the former seabed with its littoral deposits. Some of these deposits are affected by wind activity. The article aims to answer the question, did wind transport lasting more than 1600 years give the marine deposits the features of aeolian deposits? Grain size and mineral composition were determined for samples from seven research sites in western Crete. Deposits representing three sedimentary environments were examined – high-energy beach, aeolian, and beach with permanent or periodic fluvial supply. Quartz abrasion was established using the morphoscopic method. In the 0.8–1.0 mm fraction, less resistant carbonate minerals dominate (on average, 77%), while the content of more resistant quartz is low (on average, 18%). It means most deposits are relatively young and were briefly in the range of aeolian processes. Coastal deposits are dominated by moderately rounded and mat grains EM/RM, on average 79%. The content of very well-rounded and mat grains RM is low, on average 18%. Multiple predominances of EM/RM grains in relation to RM grains indicate short-term aeolian transport. It can be concluded that the degree of aeolisation of coastal deposits by wind activity from 365 AD to the present is weak, at most moderate.","PeriodicalId":46433,"journal":{"name":"Quaestiones Geographicae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43329445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.14746/quageo-2023-0024
T. Łabuz
Abstract The study is dedicated to researching the storm surge Axel, the largest on the South Baltic coast in the 20th and 21st centuries. This unique event resulted in a very large erosion along the whole Polish Baltic Sea coast in January 2017 (max. HSL = 1.65 m, the average for the coast 1.36 m). Storm surge effects on the coast were followed based on field observations of dune retreat and analysis of hydrodynamic and meteorological parameters of the surge and its passage through the Baltic Sea. The material of dune erosion was collected based on cross-shore profiling of almost every 1 km, along the whole Polish sand barrier coast, before and after this storm. The work also studies the parameters of smaller storm surges from the end of 2016, which caused the lowering of beaches and dune erosion. A relationship was observed between erosion, and beach height and sea level (SL). The higher the beach, the lower the erosion that occurred. The average dune toe retreat was 5.1 m, and the largest exceeded 9–19 m (max. 42 m). The most important for dune erosion was the height of run-up, beach height and shore exposition for a surge. The largest dune erosion was observed during the heaviest SL with wave run-up higher than 3.8 m above mean sea level (AMSL). Each coast section was eroded, which also caused losses in infrastructure.
{"title":"Causes and Effects of Coastal Dunes Erosion During Storm Surge Axel in January 2017 on the Southern Baltic Polish Coast","authors":"T. Łabuz","doi":"10.14746/quageo-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study is dedicated to researching the storm surge Axel, the largest on the South Baltic coast in the 20th and 21st centuries. This unique event resulted in a very large erosion along the whole Polish Baltic Sea coast in January 2017 (max. HSL = 1.65 m, the average for the coast 1.36 m). Storm surge effects on the coast were followed based on field observations of dune retreat and analysis of hydrodynamic and meteorological parameters of the surge and its passage through the Baltic Sea. The material of dune erosion was collected based on cross-shore profiling of almost every 1 km, along the whole Polish sand barrier coast, before and after this storm. The work also studies the parameters of smaller storm surges from the end of 2016, which caused the lowering of beaches and dune erosion. A relationship was observed between erosion, and beach height and sea level (SL). The higher the beach, the lower the erosion that occurred. The average dune toe retreat was 5.1 m, and the largest exceeded 9–19 m (max. 42 m). The most important for dune erosion was the height of run-up, beach height and shore exposition for a surge. The largest dune erosion was observed during the heaviest SL with wave run-up higher than 3.8 m above mean sea level (AMSL). Each coast section was eroded, which also caused losses in infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":46433,"journal":{"name":"Quaestiones Geographicae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44966528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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