Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2021.1957495
J. Connolly, R. Pyper, Arno van der Zwet
ABSTRACT Following the Conservative Party’s victory in the 2019 UK General Election, and its success in achieving significant electoral gains across traditional Labour Party ‘red’ areas in the north of England, Prime Minister Boris Johnson vowed not to let down the new Conservative voters and pledged that his government would address longstanding regional inequalities in the UK. Consequently, ‘levelling up’ became part of the public policy lexicon, and, in March 2021, the government published its Levelling Up Fund prospectus. The concept of levelling up enjoys widespread political support, has featured in important policy initiatives beyond the UK, and has been the subject of considerable theorising. This article considers how social scientists might evaluate the success or otherwise of the UK government’s levelling-up agenda. The article suggests that any evaluation of this agenda requires the need to take into account aspects of network complexity, the resource allocation arrangements attached to the policy, and what the policy signifies in terms of governance leadership in the context of delivering public value. The article concludes that the UK government’s plans risk falling short of delivering a sustained reform programme to reduce area-based inequalities.
{"title":"Governing ‘levelling-up’ in the UK: challenges and prospects","authors":"J. Connolly, R. Pyper, Arno van der Zwet","doi":"10.1080/21582041.2021.1957495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2021.1957495","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Following the Conservative Party’s victory in the 2019 UK General Election, and its success in achieving significant electoral gains across traditional Labour Party ‘red’ areas in the north of England, Prime Minister Boris Johnson vowed not to let down the new Conservative voters and pledged that his government would address longstanding regional inequalities in the UK. Consequently, ‘levelling up’ became part of the public policy lexicon, and, in March 2021, the government published its Levelling Up Fund prospectus. The concept of levelling up enjoys widespread political support, has featured in important policy initiatives beyond the UK, and has been the subject of considerable theorising. This article considers how social scientists might evaluate the success or otherwise of the UK government’s levelling-up agenda. The article suggests that any evaluation of this agenda requires the need to take into account aspects of network complexity, the resource allocation arrangements attached to the policy, and what the policy signifies in terms of governance leadership in the context of delivering public value. The article concludes that the UK government’s plans risk falling short of delivering a sustained reform programme to reduce area-based inequalities.","PeriodicalId":46484,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Social Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"523 - 537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21582041.2021.1957495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45249196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2021.1948094
C. Delcroix
ABSTRACT Among social policies in France, those concerning childhood are primarily aimed at populations living in deprived neighbourhoods where immigrant families live side by side with disadvantaged native French single mothers, disabled workers and long-term unemployed families. However, immigrant families are ‘captives’, and they can neither move easily due to lack financial resources nor access private housing markets because some private landlords refuse to accept immigrant tenants. This article is based on in-depth studies using parents’ life-stories, family case histories and semi-structured interviews with professionals carried out in various French cities. It was found that immigrant families, most of whom come from former French colonies (North Africa, Black Africa), have expectations about the French health, social and school systems. The future of their children is at the heart of their migration project. This paper shows how these families report making sacrifices for their children to achieve success in French society, in spite of the risks of living in poverty. But one unexpected risk lies in the prejudices of some professionals against their children. The paper sheds light on how immigrant parenting in France is still shaped by colonialism and class, and how it influences the policy response with various consequences.
{"title":"Immigrant families in France and their experience of professionals’ prejudice against their children","authors":"C. Delcroix","doi":"10.1080/21582041.2021.1948094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2021.1948094","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Among social policies in France, those concerning childhood are primarily aimed at populations living in deprived neighbourhoods where immigrant families live side by side with disadvantaged native French single mothers, disabled workers and long-term unemployed families. However, immigrant families are ‘captives’, and they can neither move easily due to lack financial resources nor access private housing markets because some private landlords refuse to accept immigrant tenants. This article is based on in-depth studies using parents’ life-stories, family case histories and semi-structured interviews with professionals carried out in various French cities. It was found that immigrant families, most of whom come from former French colonies (North Africa, Black Africa), have expectations about the French health, social and school systems. The future of their children is at the heart of their migration project. This paper shows how these families report making sacrifices for their children to achieve success in French society, in spite of the risks of living in poverty. But one unexpected risk lies in the prejudices of some professionals against their children. The paper sheds light on how immigrant parenting in France is still shaped by colonialism and class, and how it influences the policy response with various consequences.","PeriodicalId":46484,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Social Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"509 - 522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21582041.2021.1948094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47508369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-29DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2021.1942964
Zakia Resshid Ehsen, K. Alam
ABSTRACT The present research aims to deconstruct the proclamatory discourses on COVID-19 circulating in the networks of cyberspaces. The study attempts to analyse whether the knowledge produced about the precautionary assumptions such as a lockdown or social distancing are intentionally highlighted through media and other social networks. For this purpose, the research borrows Jean Baudrillard’s concept of Simulacra and Simulation to analyse how the COVID-19 pandemic creates a sensation of unreal fear at the global level. This excessive sensation constructs a culture of exercising power that gradually replaces the real understanding of discrimination between reality and imitation. This projection of sustained discordance aligns with Baudrillard’s basic tenets of media simulation of reality, wherein a simulation process is a fabricated culture constructed by human beings that dominates nature through a reversal of commonsensical understanding about the relationship between nature and the culture that is constructed by man. Hence, whatever knowledge is consumed as a constructed entity remains a copy ad infinitum. The exploration demonstrates the stage of hyper-reality highlighted in the process of simulation and simulacra. The present analysis is interested in perusing the effects of interpenetration between the real/created media knowledge production through Baudrillard’s concept of simulation simulacra.
{"title":"COVID-19: an age of fear, simulacra, or reality?","authors":"Zakia Resshid Ehsen, K. Alam","doi":"10.1080/21582041.2021.1942964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2021.1942964","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present research aims to deconstruct the proclamatory discourses on COVID-19 circulating in the networks of cyberspaces. The study attempts to analyse whether the knowledge produced about the precautionary assumptions such as a lockdown or social distancing are intentionally highlighted through media and other social networks. For this purpose, the research borrows Jean Baudrillard’s concept of Simulacra and Simulation to analyse how the COVID-19 pandemic creates a sensation of unreal fear at the global level. This excessive sensation constructs a culture of exercising power that gradually replaces the real understanding of discrimination between reality and imitation. This projection of sustained discordance aligns with Baudrillard’s basic tenets of media simulation of reality, wherein a simulation process is a fabricated culture constructed by human beings that dominates nature through a reversal of commonsensical understanding about the relationship between nature and the culture that is constructed by man. Hence, whatever knowledge is consumed as a constructed entity remains a copy ad infinitum. The exploration demonstrates the stage of hyper-reality highlighted in the process of simulation and simulacra. The present analysis is interested in perusing the effects of interpenetration between the real/created media knowledge production through Baudrillard’s concept of simulation simulacra.","PeriodicalId":46484,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Social Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"143 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21582041.2021.1942964","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41522109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2021.1941228
G. Cifaldi, N. Malizia
ABSTRACT The work addresses the issue of globalisation and deviance, in the context of subjective, social, and gender identity and forms of social control. According to many theories, over time the globalisation is destined to produce social fragmentation, destructuring of society, and increase in individual uncertainty, followed by a general amplification of forms of social deviance; moreover, the shift from social identity to cultural identity, the possibility that cultural interdependence could favour the transition from a subjectivity understood as a concept borderig with the idea of fusion of horizons, or shift to an open (cosmopolitan) subjectivity. Such uncertainties or alterations can have repercussions concerning deviance, where subjectivity prevails and leads the individual to place himself in the most useful and beneficial part of society bypassing limitations, exploiting all possible opportunities and where social control, now informal, is overtaken by self-control.
{"title":"Globalisation in the context of subjective identity, deviance and social control","authors":"G. Cifaldi, N. Malizia","doi":"10.1080/21582041.2021.1941228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2021.1941228","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The work addresses the issue of globalisation and deviance, in the context of subjective, social, and gender identity and forms of social control. According to many theories, over time the globalisation is destined to produce social fragmentation, destructuring of society, and increase in individual uncertainty, followed by a general amplification of forms of social deviance; moreover, the shift from social identity to cultural identity, the possibility that cultural interdependence could favour the transition from a subjectivity understood as a concept borderig with the idea of fusion of horizons, or shift to an open (cosmopolitan) subjectivity. Such uncertainties or alterations can have repercussions concerning deviance, where subjectivity prevails and leads the individual to place himself in the most useful and beneficial part of society bypassing limitations, exploiting all possible opportunities and where social control, now informal, is overtaken by self-control.","PeriodicalId":46484,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Social Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"51 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21582041.2021.1941228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47117363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2021.1942183
Romina Gurashi
ABSTRACT This paper offers a sociological reading of the concept of world order within the peace research debate, mindful of the complexity of systemic factors that influence changing interpretations. By addressing the clash of thought currents that have seen ‘traditionalist’ peace researchers interpret peace as a phenomenon opposed to conflict, while ‘progressive’ researchers view it as a social and sustainable development capable of mitigating conflict while containing disruptive aspects, this study critically reconstructs utopian conflict theories within a complex mosaic, which leads from conflict to a new vision of a peaceful world. In this view, there is no longer room for a concept of world order as expression of an arbitrary system of dominance, but a tendency to read social reality through the lenses of the complexity theories as a worldwide disorder. Following giants such as Kenneth Boulding and Johan Galtung, this paper investigates the four interconnected pillars of the new worldview – peace, society, economy, and nature – and the role played by conflict in defining its identity. Pursuing a vision that seeks to recompose the contents of positive peace and sustainable development, the researcher will try to understand the direction taken by the new sustainability paradigms.
{"title":"World disorder and peace research: a sociological, post-nationalist reading of the pathway to sustainable peace","authors":"Romina Gurashi","doi":"10.1080/21582041.2021.1942183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2021.1942183","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper offers a sociological reading of the concept of world order within the peace research debate, mindful of the complexity of systemic factors that influence changing interpretations. By addressing the clash of thought currents that have seen ‘traditionalist’ peace researchers interpret peace as a phenomenon opposed to conflict, while ‘progressive’ researchers view it as a social and sustainable development capable of mitigating conflict while containing disruptive aspects, this study critically reconstructs utopian conflict theories within a complex mosaic, which leads from conflict to a new vision of a peaceful world. In this view, there is no longer room for a concept of world order as expression of an arbitrary system of dominance, but a tendency to read social reality through the lenses of the complexity theories as a worldwide disorder. Following giants such as Kenneth Boulding and Johan Galtung, this paper investigates the four interconnected pillars of the new worldview – peace, society, economy, and nature – and the role played by conflict in defining its identity. Pursuing a vision that seeks to recompose the contents of positive peace and sustainable development, the researcher will try to understand the direction taken by the new sustainability paradigms.","PeriodicalId":46484,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Social Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"63 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21582041.2021.1942183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46514810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-03DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2021.1933157
Massimiliano Ruzzeddu
ABSTRACT This study focuses on the process of identity-building, wherein I aim to provide theoretical tools, other than social-psychology (especially symbolic interactionism), to help analyze the said process. Within the epistemic framework of complexity theories, I demonstrate that historical sociology provides sufficient background for understanding contemporary identity phenomena from a macro-sociological perspective. This enables the assessment of how, in the current scenario, identity dynamics can affect global phenomena and how the global social structure can affect identity-building processes worldwide. The notion of ascribed identities is, thus, crucial. In this study, I describe modernisation as a process where the ascribed characteristics (gender, religion, ethnicity) progressively lose their function of rigidly defining a person's identity, on behalf of personal achievements. Within this framework, I describe the current re-strengthening of ascribed identities and assess, through this description, which phase of the modernisation process is nowadays taking place.
{"title":"Ascribed identities in the global era: a complex approach","authors":"Massimiliano Ruzzeddu","doi":"10.1080/21582041.2021.1933157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2021.1933157","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study focuses on the process of identity-building, wherein I aim to provide theoretical tools, other than social-psychology (especially symbolic interactionism), to help analyze the said process. Within the epistemic framework of complexity theories, I demonstrate that historical sociology provides sufficient background for understanding contemporary identity phenomena from a macro-sociological perspective. This enables the assessment of how, in the current scenario, identity dynamics can affect global phenomena and how the global social structure can affect identity-building processes worldwide. The notion of ascribed identities is, thus, crucial. In this study, I describe modernisation as a process where the ascribed characteristics (gender, religion, ethnicity) progressively lose their function of rigidly defining a person's identity, on behalf of personal achievements. Within this framework, I describe the current re-strengthening of ascribed identities and assess, through this description, which phase of the modernisation process is nowadays taking place.","PeriodicalId":46484,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Social Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"26 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21582041.2021.1933157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47904019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2021.1931954
K. Gajek, Paulina Marchlik
ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to identify the human, social and cultural capitals of Polish low-income mothers, and to reconstruct the capitals’ conversion. The research was carried out using the method of (auto)biographical interview rooted in the tradition of symbolic interactionism, while data (autobiographical narratives about life) were collected in two Polish cities as part of the ISOTIS project, using the narrative interview technique developed by Schütze [(2008). Biography analysis on the empirical base of autobiographical narratives: How to analyse autobiographical narrative interviews – part one. European Studies on Inequalities and Social Cohesion, 1, 153–242], which was adapted by the ISOTIS project team. The analysis of women’s autobiographical narratives made it possible to reconstruct the events that were significant to them and the resources that they activated in everyday situations, compensating for the shortage of material capital. Recognition of the sequences of process structures occurring in the biographies revealed the narrators’ attitude to certain phases in their lives and the dominant forms of their activity that influenced their decisions and choices.
{"title":"Polish low-income mothers: conversions of human, social and cultural capitals through their lifetime","authors":"K. Gajek, Paulina Marchlik","doi":"10.1080/21582041.2021.1931954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2021.1931954","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to identify the human, social and cultural capitals of Polish low-income mothers, and to reconstruct the capitals’ conversion. The research was carried out using the method of (auto)biographical interview rooted in the tradition of symbolic interactionism, while data (autobiographical narratives about life) were collected in two Polish cities as part of the ISOTIS project, using the narrative interview technique developed by Schütze [(2008). Biography analysis on the empirical base of autobiographical narratives: How to analyse autobiographical narrative interviews – part one. European Studies on Inequalities and Social Cohesion, 1, 153–242], which was adapted by the ISOTIS project team. The analysis of women’s autobiographical narratives made it possible to reconstruct the events that were significant to them and the resources that they activated in everyday situations, compensating for the shortage of material capital. Recognition of the sequences of process structures occurring in the biographies revealed the narrators’ attitude to certain phases in their lives and the dominant forms of their activity that influenced their decisions and choices.","PeriodicalId":46484,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Social Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"494 - 508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21582041.2021.1931954","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42678108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-27DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2021.1916575
J. Jarman, P. Lambert, R. Penn
ABSTRACT ‘Social Stratification, Past, Present, and Future’ celebrates the 50th anniversary of the annual Cambridge Social Stratification Seminar. This editorial presents a brief characterisation of the ‘Cambridge school’ approach that has featured prominently through the seminar’s lifetime. Then it discusses the domains and topics explored in this issue – education; intergenerational transmission of inequality; family, work and employment; occupations; migration for work; housing, and political preferences. While most of the papers focus on Great Britain, several papers involve international comparisons, one focuses on stratification in India, and another on China. Collectively, researchers reveal how social hierarchy influences people’s lives, and reproduces fairly stably over time. The papers also contribute to understanding the sometimes counter-intuitive outcomes that challenge those charged with policy development.
{"title":"Social stratification: past, present, and future","authors":"J. Jarman, P. Lambert, R. Penn","doi":"10.1080/21582041.2021.1916575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2021.1916575","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT ‘Social Stratification, Past, Present, and Future’ celebrates the 50th anniversary of the annual Cambridge Social Stratification Seminar. This editorial presents a brief characterisation of the ‘Cambridge school’ approach that has featured prominently through the seminar’s lifetime. Then it discusses the domains and topics explored in this issue – education; intergenerational transmission of inequality; family, work and employment; occupations; migration for work; housing, and political preferences. While most of the papers focus on Great Britain, several papers involve international comparisons, one focuses on stratification in India, and another on China. Collectively, researchers reveal how social hierarchy influences people’s lives, and reproduces fairly stably over time. The papers also contribute to understanding the sometimes counter-intuitive outcomes that challenge those charged with policy development.","PeriodicalId":46484,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Social Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"271 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21582041.2021.1916575","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45203036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-20DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2021.1919748
Brodwyn Fischer
ABSTRACT This is an article about what urban informality means when it is understood historically. In particular, it explores the relationship between urban informality and three vital threads in Brazil’s contemporary history: the evolution of racialized governance and inequality, the tense coexistence of private and public forms of power, and the complex contradictions embedded in Brazilian social struggles. Paying special attention to the way in which regulation creates informality from everyday life, I argue that Brazil’s modern urban law, from its very inception, has naturalised a version of urbanity that was both out-of-step with Brazil’s urban realities and economically unfeasible for many urban residents. By compounding poverty with the stigma of illegality, and especially by disproportionately channelling Afro-descendants into systems of urban power relations that denied them both citizenship and resources, Brazil’s urban legal and regulatory practices perpetuated racial inequality, undermined the legitimacy of liberal institutional governance, and channelled social activism in directions that, while often locally emancipatory, ultimately perpetuated Brazil’s deepest inequalities.
{"title":"Historicising informal governance in 20th century Brazil","authors":"Brodwyn Fischer","doi":"10.1080/21582041.2021.1919748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2021.1919748","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This is an article about what urban informality means when it is understood historically. In particular, it explores the relationship between urban informality and three vital threads in Brazil’s contemporary history: the evolution of racialized governance and inequality, the tense coexistence of private and public forms of power, and the complex contradictions embedded in Brazilian social struggles. Paying special attention to the way in which regulation creates informality from everyday life, I argue that Brazil’s modern urban law, from its very inception, has naturalised a version of urbanity that was both out-of-step with Brazil’s urban realities and economically unfeasible for many urban residents. By compounding poverty with the stigma of illegality, and especially by disproportionately channelling Afro-descendants into systems of urban power relations that denied them both citizenship and resources, Brazil’s urban legal and regulatory practices perpetuated racial inequality, undermined the legitimacy of liberal institutional governance, and channelled social activism in directions that, while often locally emancipatory, ultimately perpetuated Brazil’s deepest inequalities.","PeriodicalId":46484,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Social Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"205 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21582041.2021.1919748","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48924082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-11DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2021.1925731
A. Folloni
ABSTRACT Identity can be understood as the process in which people feel at home inside a class, which is defined by symbolic borders that distinguish some people from others. There are a number of sources of identity, but most relate to belonging to a group. Identities are often based on opposition against different values and life visions: anticommunists vs. antifascists, pro-life vs. abortion, traditional family vs. homo-affective relationships, etc. Moreover, there are identities based on the dimensions of race, gender, class, and religion that often oppose other people. In any of these cases, there are individuals that share a common condition and are, thus, similar and identify with one another and with the group. Political and ethical evolution, globalisation, and technology have enhanced individual freedom to a point that makes it possible for some ascribed identities to be denied in favour of others. Although the consideration of groups of people might eventually enhance the freedom of individuals, identity is also a source of violence. The ultimate individual freedom seems to be the freedom to understand ourselves as unique individuals who might think, feel, and act differently than the group to which we otherwise belong.
{"title":"Individuality over identity: individual freedom and responsibility within social identity","authors":"A. Folloni","doi":"10.1080/21582041.2021.1925731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2021.1925731","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Identity can be understood as the process in which people feel at home inside a class, which is defined by symbolic borders that distinguish some people from others. There are a number of sources of identity, but most relate to belonging to a group. Identities are often based on opposition against different values and life visions: anticommunists vs. antifascists, pro-life vs. abortion, traditional family vs. homo-affective relationships, etc. Moreover, there are identities based on the dimensions of race, gender, class, and religion that often oppose other people. In any of these cases, there are individuals that share a common condition and are, thus, similar and identify with one another and with the group. Political and ethical evolution, globalisation, and technology have enhanced individual freedom to a point that makes it possible for some ascribed identities to be denied in favour of others. Although the consideration of groups of people might eventually enhance the freedom of individuals, identity is also a source of violence. The ultimate individual freedom seems to be the freedom to understand ourselves as unique individuals who might think, feel, and act differently than the group to which we otherwise belong.","PeriodicalId":46484,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Social Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"15 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21582041.2021.1925731","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44170650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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