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When (EU) migration came to Great Yarmouth 当(欧盟)移民来到大雅茅斯时
IF 2.4 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2023.2188486
C. Barnard, Fiona Costello
ABSTRACT This article examines the impact of EU migration on Great Yarmouth, a coastal town in Norfolk, England. Great Yarmouth had the fifth highest ‘leave’ vote nationally in the UK Brexit referendum, at over 70%. In this article, we want to show that Great Yarmouth has always been a town of migration but the sudden arrival of large numbers of EU nationals, exercising their free movement rights, in a relatively short space of time has created divisions in the town, divisions which may take decades to heal. Using legal geography as a prism, we offer an insight into the complex and evolving realities of European integration – and resistance to it. We argue that because EU free movement is a process, not an event, it has long-term effects, effects which have not, to-date, been fully recognised and explored. What we observe in Great Yarmouth is that free movement has, at best, been unevenly experienced by both movers and stayers and, at worst, has a divisive effect on the local community. Only by understanding the experience of migration on a particular community over time can the impact of free movement be properly understood, its consequences continuing long after Brexit.
本文考察了欧盟移民对英国诺福克沿海城镇大雅茅斯的影响。在英国脱欧公投中,大雅茅斯的“脱欧”投票在全国排名第五,超过70%。在这篇文章中,我们想表明,大雅茅斯一直是一个移民城镇,但在相对较短的时间内,大量欧盟国民突然到来,行使他们的自由流动权利,造成了该镇的分裂,分裂可能需要几十年才能愈合。使用法律地理学作为棱镜,我们提供了一个洞察欧洲一体化的复杂和不断发展的现实-和阻力。我们认为,由于欧盟的自由流动是一个过程,而不是一个事件,因此它具有长期影响,而这些影响迄今尚未得到充分认识和探索。我们在大雅茅斯观察到的是,在最好的情况下,迁入者和迁出者都经历了不均衡的自由流动,在最坏的情况下,对当地社区产生了分裂的影响。只有了解移民对特定社区的长期影响,才能正确理解自由流动的影响,其后果在英国退欧后很长一段时间内仍将持续。
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引用次数: 3
‘Northern Ireland and the Economic Consequences of Brexit: taking back control or perpetuating underperformance?’ 《北爱尔兰和英国脱欧的经济后果:收回控制权还是继续表现不佳?》”
IF 2.4 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2023.2190157
Graham Brownlow
ABSTRACT This paper investigates the economic implications of Brexit by making recourse to original archival studies as well as the literatures concerning modern British and European economic history as well as the Two Irelands. An overriding lesson is that Northern Ireland, like the UK as whole, has suffered from weaknesses in competition and productivity that have given rise to long-run economic underperformance. Only after Brentry was this legislation reversed. Yet while European integration overall tended to improve economic performance, political instability tended to offset these benefits. Despite the political settlement in 1998, much room for improvement remains. Brexit, and in particular the Protocol, has complicated matters further. While the Windsor Framework offers greater economic opportunities than the original Protocol, seising these opportunities is far from inevitable. A better regional industrial policy is possible if the right lessons emerge from the historical evidence. Such a regional policy requires consideration of 'place-based' issues and in turn consideration of such issues return us to the importance of historical factors in determining long-run economic performance. Economic history matters more than is often understood.
摘要本文通过查阅原始档案研究以及有关英国和欧洲现代经济史以及两个爱尔兰的文献,探讨英国脱欧的经济影响。一个最重要的教训是,北爱尔兰和整个英国一样,在竞争和生产力方面都存在弱点,导致长期经济表现不佳。这项立法是在布伦垂之后才被推翻的。然而,尽管欧洲一体化总体上倾向于改善经济表现,但政治不稳定往往抵消了这些好处。尽管1998年实现了政治解决,但仍有很大的改进空间。英国脱欧,尤其是《议定书》,使事情更加复杂。虽然《温莎框架》比最初的《议定书》提供了更多的经济机会,但抓住这些机会绝非不可避免。如果从历史证据中得出正确的教训,一个更好的区域产业政策是可能的。这种区域政策需要考虑“基于地方的”问题,而对这些问题的考虑又让我们回到了历史因素在决定长期经济表现方面的重要性。经济史比人们通常理解的更重要。
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引用次数: 1
How did Brexit affect UK trade? 英国脱欧对英国贸易有何影响?
IF 2.4 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2023.2192043
Jun Du, E. B. Satoğlu, Oleksandr Shepotylo
ABSTRACT This paper assesses the effect of Brexit implemented through the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement on UK trade. Using COMTRADE data for the period of 2019 up to 2022Q1, and the method of synthetic difference-in-differences (SDID), we build a counterfactual UK that did not experience the change in its trade relationships with the EU. We show that the negative, large, and statistically significant impact of the TCA on UK exports has persisted over the examined period. This highlights the continuing export challenges that UK firms have faced since the TCA was put in force and underscores the need to systemically think about the UK’s post-Brexit trade policy. Our further analysis suggests that the UK has experienced a significant contraction in its trading capacity in terms of the varieties of goods being exported to the EU due to the TCA, which signify some serious long-term concerns about the UK’s future exporting and productivity.
本文通过欧盟-英国贸易与合作协定评估英国脱欧对英国贸易的影响。利用2019年至2022年第一季度的COMTRADE数据和综合差中差(SDID)方法,我们构建了一个没有经历与欧盟贸易关系变化的反事实英国。我们表明,在研究期间,TCA对英国出口的负面、大的、统计上显著的影响一直存在。这凸显了自TCA生效以来,英国企业面临的持续出口挑战,并强调了系统思考英国脱欧后贸易政策的必要性。我们进一步的分析表明,由于TCA,英国出口到欧盟的商品品种的贸易能力显著收缩,这表明了对英国未来出口和生产力的一些严重的长期担忧。
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引用次数: 2
Regulation in Scotland and Wales after Brexit 英国脱欧后苏格兰和威尔士的监管
IF 2.4 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2023.2197881
M. Keating
ABSTRACT While the United Kingdom was a member of the EU, a number of regulatory competences were shared between the EU and devolved authorities in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. As Northern Ireland is governed by the Protocol, which requires dynamic alignment with most EU regulations, it is a case apart and this article deals only with Scotland and Wales. Where repatriated competences should go after Brexit has been a matter of political contention. Attempts to centralise at the UK level have been rebuffed so far but tensions remain. Common Frameworks are designed to deal with shared competencies but are inconsistent and work best with technical matters. UK measures regarding the application of international trade agreements, the EU Internal Market Act, legislation on subsidy control and professional qualifications undermine the regulatory autonomy of Scotland and Wales. The real test will come if the UK diverges radically from EU regulations while the devolved governments resist.
当英国是欧盟成员国时,欧盟与苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰的权力下放机构共享了许多监管权限。由于北爱尔兰受该议定书管辖,该议定书要求与大多数欧盟法规动态保持一致,因此这是一个单独的案例,本文仅涉及苏格兰和威尔士。在英国退欧后,回流的能力应该流向何处一直是政治争论的问题。到目前为止,在英国层面进行中央集权的尝试遭到了拒绝,但紧张局势依然存在。通用框架旨在处理共享的能力,但不一致,最适合技术问题。英国在实施国际贸易协定、《欧盟内部市场法》、补贴控制立法和专业资格方面的措施削弱了苏格兰和威尔士的监管自主权。如果英国彻底背离欧盟的监管规定,而权力下放的政府却予以抵制,真正的考验将会到来。
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引用次数: 2
The impact of the post-Brexit migration system on the UK labour market 英国脱欧后移民制度对英国劳动力市场的影响
IF 2.4 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2023.2192516
J. Portes, John Springford
ABSTRACT The end of free movement and the introduction of the post-Brexit migration system represent a major structural change to the UK labour market. We provide a descriptive assessment of the impact on a sectoral basis. We examine how overall labour force growth has differed between sectors, both overall and in terms of the extent to which this growth was driven by migrant workers, both from the EU and from outside the EU, prior to the pandemic. We construct counterfactuals, which we contrast with observed outturns, as well as with data on visas issued by sector. Our analysis suggests that, although migration overall is currently running at least at pre-pandemic levels, the post-Brexit migration system has produced, as designed, a clear break with pre-Brexit trends, reducing labour supply for some sectors. There remains a substantial ‘shortfall’ in migration for work. However, these impacts differ very considerably between sectors. In lower-skilled sectors, work-related migration under free movement does not appear to have been replaced by additional visa issuance under the new system. Meanwhile, in higher skilled sectors, visa issuance has increased, and does appear to be consistent with levels of migration that are broadly in line with pre-pandemic, pre-Brexit trend.
自由流动的结束和英国脱欧后移民制度的引入代表了英国劳动力市场的重大结构性变化。我们在部门基础上对影响进行了描述性评估。我们研究了各部门之间总体劳动力增长的差异,包括总体上的差异,以及这种增长在多大程度上是由来自欧盟和欧盟以外的移民工人推动的,在大流行之前。我们构建了反事实,将其与观察到的结果以及按部门发放的签证数据进行对比。我们的分析表明,尽管目前总体移民人数至少达到了疫情前的水平,但英国脱欧后的移民制度按照设计,与英国脱欧前的趋势出现了明显的背离,减少了某些行业的劳动力供应。在工作移民方面仍然存在很大的“短缺”。然而,这些影响在不同部门之间差别很大。在低技能部门,自由流动下与工作相关的移民似乎没有被新制度下的额外签证发放所取代。与此同时,在高技能行业,签证发放有所增加,似乎确实与大流行前、英国脱欧前的移民水平基本一致。
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引用次数: 3
Brexit and ‘missing’ financial services jobs in the United Kingdom 英国脱欧和英国“失踪”的金融服务工作
IF 2.4 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2023.2189294
Sarah Hall, Martin Heneghan
ABSTRACT In this paper, we examine the impact of Brexit on financial services employment in the UK. Initial estimates suggested that around 10,000 jobs could relocate from London to other EU financial centres as a result of Brexit. Official statistics show that the total number of job relocations that has taken place to date is lower than these estimates, but concerns have been raised concerning ‘missing’ financial services jobs as employment growth has been relatively flat since Brexit. We analyse the geographies of these ‘missing’ jobs and examine the different causes in wholesale and retail banking. Our findings suggest that it is the combination of Brexit alongside the changing nature of financial work itself that best account for ‘missing’ financial services jobs in the UK. As a result, Brexit is far from done and, in the case of financial services, it is likely to be some time before its full impacts are fully understood.
摘要在本文中,我们考察了英国脱欧对英国金融服务业就业的影响。初步估计,由于英国脱欧,约有10000个工作岗位可能从伦敦转移到其他欧盟金融中心。官方统计数据显示,迄今为止发生的工作调动总数低于这些估计,但由于英国脱欧以来就业增长相对平稳,人们对“失踪”的金融服务工作表示担忧。我们分析了这些“失踪”工作的地理位置,并研究了批发和零售银行业的不同原因。我们的研究结果表明,英国脱欧与金融工作本身性质的变化相结合,才是英国“缺失”金融服务工作的最佳原因。因此,英国脱脱欧远未完成,就金融服务而言,可能还需要一段时间才能完全理解其影响。
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引用次数: 1
Gone but not forgotten (yet): Interreg in post-Brexit UK 过去了,但还没有被遗忘:对脱欧后的英国感兴趣
IF 2.4 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2023.2197874
Irene Mcmaster, Heidi Vironen
ABSTRACT Territorial cooperation has a long history in the UK. Numerous stakeholders in the UK have a long-standing and active engagement in the EU’s Territorial Cooperation Programmes (also known as ETC and Interreg). Launched in 1990, Interreg is the EU’s framework for territorial cooperation, enabling joint actions and policy exchanges between national, regional and local actors from different Member States. Brexit led to the decision on the part of the UK Government not to participate in EU territorial cooperation programmes after 2021, except for the PEACE Plus programme covering Northern Ireland. This article examines what will be lost because of this decision, especially in terms of what, where and what types of organisations are impacted, and what will be ‘missed’ in terms of the added value associated with territorial cooperation. At a time when cooperation is seen as a key lever to support efforts in addressing major economic, political, social and environmental challenges, and border relations, the article examines what, if anything, is being/can be done to fill the gaps? The article is based on documentary analysis, programme data and engagement with policy, programme and project stakeholders.
地域合作在英国有着悠久的历史。英国的许多利益相关者长期积极参与欧盟的领土合作计划(也称为ETC和Interreg)。interregg于1990年启动,是欧盟的领土合作框架,使来自不同成员国的国家、区域和地方行动者能够采取联合行动并进行政策交流。英国脱欧导致英国政府决定2021年后不参与欧盟领土合作计划,但涵盖北爱尔兰的“和平+”计划除外。本文将探讨这一决定将导致什么损失,特别是影响到什么、在哪里以及什么类型的组织,以及在与区域合作相关的附加价值方面将“错过”什么。当合作被视为支持解决重大经济、政治、社会和环境挑战以及边境关系的关键杠杆时,本文探讨了正在/可以做些什么来填补空白?本文基于文献分析、项目数据以及与政策、项目和项目利益相关者的接触。
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引用次数: 1
Being a docile body: the effects on preadolescents of the social restrictions imposed during COVID-19 做一个顺从的身体:新冠肺炎期间实施的社会限制对青春期前的影响
IF 2.4 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2022.2162571
S. Digennaro, Alice Iannaccone
ABSTRACT During the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, school activities in Italy have been provided through distance learning, with a consequent impact on the body of the students and their physical activity habits. The aim of this paper was to investigate the impact of a programme to sensibilize preadolescents towards the adoption of active lifestyles and to ‘activate’ the body to counteract the negative effects of lockdown. The sample was composed of 160 secondary school scholars. The intervention was conducted online; it comprised daily steps count with pedometers, motivational speeches and classes promoting tools for active lifestyles. The levels of physical activity, the perception of the impact of lockdown and the changes in terms of active lifestyle habits were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Effects on scholars’ lifestyles were investigated by focus groups. Before the intervention, scholars reported low levels of physical activity that has been increased through the intervention. Focus groups showed that scholars who were physically active positively coped with the negative effects of the lockdown. The results suggested that school activities should be refocused on the individual body for reconstructing the psychophysical well-being and limiting the marks left by the creation of docile bodies due to social restrictions.
摘要在新冠肺炎疫情的急性期,意大利的学校活动是通过远程学习提供的,这对学生的身体和体育活动习惯产生了影响。本文的目的是调查一项计划的影响,该计划旨在让青春期前的人敏感地采用积极的生活方式,并“激活”身体以抵消封锁的负面影响。样本由160名中学学者组成。干预是在网上进行的;它包括计步器的每日步数、励志演讲和促进积极生活方式工具的课程。干预前后对身体活动水平、对封锁影响的感知以及积极生活习惯的变化进行了评估。焦点小组调查了对学者生活方式的影响。在干预之前,学者们报告说,通过干预增加了低水平的体育活动。焦点小组显示,身体活跃的学者积极应对封锁的负面影响。研究结果表明,学校活动应重新关注个体身体,以重建身心健康,并限制由于社会限制而产生的温顺身体所留下的痕迹。
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引用次数: 1
Editorial. Covid-19, sport and society 社论新冠肺炎、体育与社会
IF 2.4 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2022.2161781
E. Michelini, N. Bortoletto, A. Porrovecchio
not least, the paper by Mazza and Russo (2022, in this issue) ( ‘ The value of esports football. Towards new models of consumption and participatory experience in Italy ’ ) rounds o ff this themed issue and assesses the topic of esports. The authors focus on the growth of esports because of the suspension of live sporting events during the Covid-19 pandemic and identify a change in the consumption of ‘ mediated ’ sports. While traditional sports ground to a halt, the data highlights how, con-versely, the number of people following e-sports events on streaming platforms such as Twitch increased. Two main aspects emerge from Mazza and Russo ’ s research: fi rstly the ‘ spor-ti fi cation ’ of e-sports as a process of participatory experience within a complementary consumption between football and e-football; and secondly the deepening relationship between sport and esport as a pillar for the development of new business models
尤其是Mazza和Russo(2022年,本期)的论文(《电子竞技足球的价值》)。《走向意大利的消费和参与式体验新模式》一书结束了这一主题,并对电子竞技的主题进行了评估。作者专注于电子竞技的增长,因为在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间暂停了现场体育赛事,并确定了“中介”体育消费的变化。虽然传统体育赛事陷入停滞,但数据显示,在Twitch等流媒体平台上关注电子竞技赛事的人数却有所增加。Mazza和Russo的研究主要体现在两个方面:第一,电子竞技的“体育化”是足球与电子足球互补消费中的参与式体验过程;其次,体育和电子竞技之间的关系不断加深,成为发展新商业模式的支柱
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引用次数: 0
The value of esports football. Towards new models of consumption and participatory experience in Italy 电子竞技足球的价值。意大利的新消费模式和参与式体验
IF 2.4 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/21582041.2023.2172204
B. Mazza, G. Russo
ABSTRACT The growth of esports due to the suspension of live sporting events highlights a change in the consumption of ‘mediated' sports. While traditional sports have come to a halt, the data highlights how, conversely, the number of following e-sports events on streaming platforms such as Twitch has increased. Starting from the recent digital acceleration of sport world (for techniques and regulations of the game, dissemination sports content, management processes) the paper investigates on how much the relationship between football and efootball can affect the reconfiguration of dynamics of play and use and business models. Through a quantitative analysis, we wanted to understand the behaviour of e-football spectators and e-sportsmen who experience Fifa at an amateur level. The research was conducted in 2021 in Italy, involving 316 young adults (18–35 y.o.) belonging to the community of Fifa eplayers and viewers present on the Twitch platform. The main aspect that emerges from the research field is the ‘sportification' of e-sports as a process of participatory experience within a complementary consumption between football and e-football.
由于体育赛事直播的暂停,电子竞技的增长凸显了“中介”体育消费的变化。虽然传统体育已经停滞不前,但数据显示,在Twitch等流媒体平台上,关注电子竞技赛事的人数却在增加。本文从近年来体育世界的数字化加速(游戏技术和规则,传播体育内容,管理流程)出发,探讨了足球和足球之间的关系对游戏和使用动态以及商业模式的重新配置有多大影响。通过定量分析,我们想了解电子足球观众和电子运动员在业余水平上体验国际足联的行为。该研究于2021年在意大利进行,涉及316名年轻成年人(18-35岁),他们属于Fifa玩家社区和Twitch平台上的观众。从研究领域中出现的主要方面是电子竞技的“体育化”,作为足球和电子足球之间互补消费的参与式体验过程。
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引用次数: 1
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Contemporary Social Science
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