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Enhancement of convolutional neural network for urban environment parking space classification 卷积神经网络在城市环境停车位分类中的增强
IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.22034/GJESM.2022.03.01
S. Rahman, M. Ramli, F. Arnia, R. Muharar, M. Ikhwan, S. Munzir
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The increase in the number of vehicles has several negative impacts, including traffic congestion, air pollution, noise levels, and the availability of parking spaces. Drivers looking for parking spaces can cause traffic jams and air pollution. The solution offered at this time is the development of a smart parking system to overcome these problems. The smart parking system offers a parking availability information feature in a parking area to break up congestion in the parking space. Deep learning is a successful method to solve parking space classification problems. It is known that this method requires a large computational process. Th aims of this study are to modified the architecture of Convolutional Neural Networks, part of deep learning to classify parking spaces. Modification of the Convolutional Neural Networks architecture is assumed to increase the work efficiency of the smart parking system in processing parking availability information.METHODS: Research is focusing on developing parking space classification techniques using camera sensors due to the rapid advancement of technology and algorithms in computer vision. The input image has 3x3 dimensions. The first convolution layer accepts the input image and converts it into 56x56 dimensions. The second convolution layer is composed in the same way as the first layer with dimensions of 25x25. The third convolution layer employs a 3 x 3 filter matrix with padding of up to 15 and converts it into 10x10 dimensions. The fourth layer is composed in the same way as the third layer, but with the addition of maximum pooling. The software used in the test is Python with a Python framework.FINDINGS: The proposed architecture is the Efficient Parking Network or EfficientParkingNet. It can be shown that this architecture is more efficient in classifying parking spaces compared to some other architectures, such as the mini–Alex Network (mAlexnet) and the Grassmannian Deep Stacking Network with Illumination Correction (GDSN-IC). EfficientParkingNet has not been able to pass the accuracy of Yolo Mobile Network (Yolo+MobileNet). Furthermore, Yolo+MobileNet has so many parameters that it cannot be used on low computing devices. Selection of EfficientParkingNet as a lightweight architecture tailored to the needs of use. EfficientParkingNet's lightweight computing architecture can increase the speed of information on parking availability to users.CONCLUSION: EfficientParkingNet is more efficient in determining the availability of parking spaces compared to mAlexnet, but still cannot match Yolo+MobileNet. Based on the number of parameters, EfficientParkingNet uses half of the number of parameters of mAlexnet and is much smaller than Yolo+MobileNet. EfficientParkingNet has an accuracy rate of 98.44% for the National Research Council parking dataset and higher than other architectures. EfficientParkingNet is suitable for use in parking systems with low computing devices such as th
背景和目标:车辆数量的增加产生了一些负面影响,包括交通拥堵、空气污染、噪音水平和停车位的可用性。司机寻找停车位会造成交通堵塞和空气污染。目前提供的解决方案是开发智能停车系统来克服这些问题。智能停车系统在停车区提供停车可用性信息功能,以解决停车位的拥堵问题。深度学习是解决停车位分类问题的一种成功方法。众所周知,这种方法需要大量的计算过程。本研究的目的是修改卷积神经网络的架构,卷积神经网络是深度学习的一部分,用于对停车位进行分类。假设对卷积神经网络架构的修改可以提高智能停车系统处理停车可用性信息的工作效率。方法:由于计算机视觉技术和算法的快速发展,研究重点是开发使用摄像头传感器的停车位分类技术。输入图像具有3x3个维度。第一卷积层接受输入图像并将其转换为56x56维。第二卷积层以与第一层相同的方式构成,其尺寸为25x25。第三个卷积层采用了一个3×3的滤波器矩阵,其填充量高达15,并将其转换为10x10维。第四层的组成方式与第三层相同,但增加了最大池化。测试中使用的软件是带有Python框架的Python。调查结果:提出的架构是高效停车网络或高效停车网。可以看出,与其他一些架构相比,该架构在对停车位进行分类方面更有效,例如迷你亚历克斯网络(mAlexnet)和带照明校正的格拉斯曼深度堆叠网络(GDSN-IC)。EfficientParkingNet无法通过Yolo移动网络(Yolo+MobileNet)的准确性。此外,Yolo+MobileNet的参数太多,无法在低计算设备上使用。选择EfficientParkingNet作为一种根据使用需求量身定制的轻量级架构。EfficientParkingNet的轻量级计算架构可以提高用户获取停车可用性信息的速度。结论:与mAlexnet相比,EfficientParkingNet在确定停车位可用性方面更有效,但仍无法与Yolo+MobileNet相匹配。根据参数数量,EfficientParkingNet使用了mAlexnet一半的参数数量,并且比Yolo+MobileNet小得多。高效停车网在国家研究委员会停车数据集的准确率为98.44%,高于其他架构。EfficientParkingNet适用于具有低计算设备的停车系统,如Raspberry Pi,因为参数数量较少。
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引用次数: 3
Community empowerment of waste management in the urban environment: More attention on waste issues through formal and informal educations 社区在城市环境中加强废物管理:通过正规和非正规教育更加重视废物问题
IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.22034/GJESM.2022.02.05
A. Brotosusilo, D. Utari, H. A. Negoro, A. Firdaus, R. A. Velentina
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Indonesia's economic growth is estimated to be driven by high levels of consumption which lead to large amounts of waste. Education is required to raise environmental awareness among the population as it is one of the ways to overcome the waste issue, especially in urban areas, which are the engines of economic growth. This study aims to determine whether the higher levels of education have a greater impact on citizens regarding environmental concerns such as littering.METHODS: The study took logistics regression on the primary data survey from 7 cities (Jakarta, Jambi, Muaro Jambi, Ambon, Padang, Surabaya, and Tasikmalaya) in Indonesia during 2019-2021. The survey includes 563 observations on the household level, involving a total of 2,349 respondents. The logistic regression predicts the likelihood of urban citizens to litter, given their socio-economic backgrounds and existing littering behavior and environmental awareness.FINDINGS: This study found that education did not affect decreasing the value of littering behavior as expected since it is estimated that an increase of 1 year in school will increase the probability of littering by 0.0189. Formal education is not enough to decrease the probability of littering behavior on the individual level. In contrast, informal education taught on keeping a clean environment matters is better than conventional formal education. Besides that, having self-initiative on environmental caring and good habits from childhood will decrease the probability of littering on an individual level. An individual has a self-initiative, the probability of littering will be 0.1732 times lower than those who do not have self-initiative. This study also found that per capita income and per capita expenditure in big cities in Indonesia ranged between USD 156,903 and USD 116,857. These economic factors affect the behavior of citizens not to litter. The per capita expenditure increasing by USD 1 per person per day will decrease the probability of littering by -0.0468. However, these factors are not enough to minimize the littering behavior since the disposal place availability becomes another keys factor in decreasing littering behavior on urban citizens.CONCLUSION: The government should also focus on building citizens' behavior regarding waste management awareness especially building good habits since childhood and individual initiative, simultaneously implementing the programs to reduce waste production.
背景和目标:据估计,印度尼西亚的经济增长是由高消费水平推动的,这导致了大量的废物。教育是解决废物问题的方法之一,尤其是在作为经济增长引擎的城市地区,因此需要提高人们的环境意识。这项研究旨在确定较高的教育水平是否对公民的环境问题(如乱扔垃圾)产生更大的影响。方法:本研究对2019-2021年印尼7个城市(雅加达、占碑、穆阿罗-占碑、安汶、巴东、泗水和马来西亚)的主要数据调查进行了物流回归。这项调查包括563项家庭层面的意见,共涉及2349名受访者。考虑到城市居民的社会经济背景、现有的乱扔垃圾行为和环境意识,逻辑回归预测了他们乱扔垃圾的可能性。研究结果:这项研究发现,教育并没有像预期的那样影响减少乱扔垃圾行为的价值,因为据估计,在学校里多呆一年会使乱扔垃圾的概率增加0.0189。正规教育不足以在个人层面上降低乱扔垃圾行为的概率。相比之下,关于保持清洁环境的非正规教育比传统的正规教育要好。除此之外,从小就有环保意识和良好习惯会降低个人乱扔垃圾的概率。一个个体具有自我主动性,乱扔垃圾的概率将比那些没有自我主动性的个体低0.1732倍。该研究还发现,印尼大城市的人均收入和人均支出在156903美元至116857美元之间。这些经济因素影响了公民不乱扔垃圾的行为。每人每天增加1美元的人均支出将使乱扔垃圾的概率降低-0.0468。然而,这些因素不足以最大限度地减少乱扔垃圾的行为,因为垃圾处理场所的可用性成为减少城市居民乱扔垃圾行为的另一个关键因素。结论:政府还应重点培养公民的废物管理意识,特别是从小养成良好习惯和个人主动性,同时实施减少废物产生的计划。
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引用次数: 6
Impact of road infrastructure equipment on the environment and surroundings 道路基础设施设备对环境和周围环境的影响
IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-09-04 DOI: 10.22034/GJESM.2022.02.09
N. Robinah, A. Safiki, O. Thomas, B. Annette
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The effect of infrastructure equipment is taking a toll on the health and economic well-being of residents all around the world. This is mainly because it contributes to ambient air pollution, noise, and vibration in the surroundings.  The study aimed at analyzing the effects of the road infrastructure equipment on the surroundings in Uganda. The emissions of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter were analyzed.METHODS: Six road infrastructure equipment were sampled consisting of an excavator, roller, grader, concrete mixer, tamper, and wheel loader, obtained from a case study project in Kampala city, Uganda. The diesel exhaust air emissions were computed and analyzed using the emissions rate equation model for non-road equipment, developed by Environmental Protection Agency.  This was based on the horsepower and power rating of the equipment. Noise and vibrations levels were obtained using a sound level meter, seismometers, and accelerators, while following the National Environment Regulations.FINDINGS: The greenhouse gas of carbon dioxide was the most predominant accounting for 84.1 percent of the total emissions. The grader was the highest emitter of this greenhouse gas, at 1,531.5 g/h, representing 37.1%. The lowest air pollutant emission was nitrogen dioxide at 1.43 g/h for the concrete mixer, representing 1.4%.  Overall, the equipment emitted more greenhouse gases than air criteria pollutants at 88.8% and 11.2% respectively. The highest criteria air pollutant was particulate matter at 100.5 g/h, emitted by the grader.  Most of the emissions met the standards stipulated by Environmental Protection Agency, for reducing emissions back to the environment, except particulate matter. However, the concentrations of some pollutants like carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide did not satisfy the limits required for ambient air quality that is safe for workers. All the equipment had noise levels way above the recommended 70.00 decibel, except for the wheel loader. Only the excavator produced vibrations higher than permissible vibration limit by 4%.CONCLUSION: The criteria air pollutants of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter emitted by the equipment were all not safe to the workers. They exceeded the permissible limits of 50 ppm, 5 ppm, and 0.02 g/kW/h respectively. This partly shows why ambient air pollution had been reported in urban centers in Uganda. The study shows the need for strengthening the regulations and monitoring of the construction equipment being used, in order to protect the surroundings.
背景与目的:基础设施设备的影响正在对世界各地居民的健康和经济福祉造成损害。这主要是因为它造成了周围的空气污染、噪音和振动。这项研究的目的是分析乌干达道路基础设施设备对周围环境的影响。对二氧化碳、一氧化碳、二氧化氮、碳氢化合物和颗粒物的排放进行了分析。方法:从乌干达坎帕拉市的一个案例研究项目中获得了六种道路基础设施设备,包括挖掘机、压路机、平地机、混凝土搅拌机、捣碎机和轮式装载机。采用美国环境保护署开发的非道路设备排放速率方程模型对柴油机尾气排放进行了计算和分析。这是基于设备的马力和功率等级。噪音和振动水平是使用声级计、地震仪和加速器获得的,同时遵循国家环境法规。结果:二氧化碳是最主要的温室气体,占总排放量的84.1%。平地机是这种温室气体的最大排放者,为1531.5 g/h,占37.1%。空气污染物排放量最低的是混凝土搅拌机的二氧化氮,为1.43 g/h,占1.4%。总体而言,设备排放的温室气体比空气标准污染物多,分别为88.8%和11.2%。空气污染物的最高标准是分级机排放的颗粒物,每小时100.5克。除颗粒物外,大部分排放均达到美国环境保护署规定的减少向环境排放的标准。然而,一些污染物的浓度,如一氧化碳和二氧化氮,没有达到对工人安全的环境空气质量要求的限制。除了轮式装载机,所有设备的噪音水平都远远超过了建议的70.00分贝。只有挖掘机产生的振动比允许的振动极限高4%。结论:设备排放的一氧化碳、二氧化氮、颗粒物等空气污染物均不安全。它们分别超过了50ppm、5ppm和0.02 g/kW/h的允许值。这在一定程度上说明了为什么乌干达城市中心报告了环境空气污染。研究表明,需要加强对正在使用的施工设备的监管和监测,以保护周围环境。
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引用次数: 1
Laboratory analysis to determine the accurate characteristics of urban food waste 确定城市食物垃圾准确特征的实验室分析
IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.22034/GJESM.2022.02.06
A. Charkhestani, D. Kebria
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Safeguarding water resources became a major concern in many parts of the world as it aims to provide safe and healthy water for humans. Water quality monitoring is a popular tool in ensuring water quality is safe and within the allowable limits and standards for the health of the community. To provide interventions and strategies for the rehabilitation, a water quality monitoring plan was conducted to describe the water quality and the classification of the river.METHODS: This study conducted an environmental analysis to determine existing conditions and processes in the surrounding environment such as the land use, drainage pattern, reconnaissance survey of the river, and a key interview to describe the barangay profile and the community's water use and practices. The water quality monitoring covers the evaluation of ten water quality parameters: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, phosphate, nitrate, oil and grease, chloride, and E. coli.FINDINGS: Results of the study presents the water quality against the ten water quality criteria. Phosphate measured on four stations ranges between 2.40-4.50 mg/L exceeding the allowable 0.50mg/L; the oil and grease exceeds the standards 2 mg/L with measured values of 2.40-4.60 mg/L in stations 2, 3, and 4; while measured chloride in all stations prove that the water is salty with values exceeding the freshwater requirement of 250mg/L; and the measured TSS in stations 2, 3 and 4 ranges from 32.30 to 49.3 mg/L exceeds the standards of 30mg/L.  E. coli was also detected in water samples collected in all sampling stations. The computed water quality index of 39.02 described water as poor, always impaired, and threatened by the surrounding environment.  CONCLUSION: The measured concentrations for phosphate, oil/ grease, chloride, and TSS exceeds the water quality requirement suggesting that the water is contaminated. The E. coli detected in all water samples, further recommends prohibition of recreational activities to avoid accidental intakes and skin contact on the polluted water.  The existing activities in the surrounding residential, commercial and agricultural areas contributed to water contamination as aggravated by the unreliable drainage system, absence of proper sanitation facilities, and collection and disposal behavior of the community. From this, a scientific basis can be drawn on how the river can be rehabilitated and protected and serve as guide for policymakers and water managers on implementing strategies to achieve sustainable water resources.
背景和目标:保护水资源成为世界许多地区关注的一个主要问题,因为它旨在为人类提供安全和健康的水。水质监测是一种流行的工具,可以确保水质安全,并在社区健康的允许范围和标准内。为了提供修复干预措施和战略,制定了水质监测计划,以描述河流的水质和分类。方法:本研究进行了环境分析,以确定周围环境的现有条件和过程,如土地利用、排水模式、河流勘测,并进行了关键访谈,以描述巴郎盖剖面以及社区的用水和实践。水质监测包括对十个水质参数的评估:温度、pH、溶解氧、总溶解固体、总悬浮固体、磷酸盐、硝酸盐、油脂、氯化物和大肠杆菌。结果:研究结果表明,水质符合十项水质标准。四个站测得的磷酸盐含量在2.40-4.50 mg/L之间,超过了允许的0.50mg/L;油和油脂超过标准2 mg/L,在2号、3号和4号站的测量值为2.40-4.60 mg/L;而所有站点的氯化物测量结果都证明该水是含盐的,其值超过了250mg/L的淡水需求;监测站2、3和4的TSS在32.30至49.3mg/L范围内超过30mg/L的标准。在所有采样站采集的水样中也检测到大肠杆菌。计算出的水质指数为39.02,说明水很差,总是受到损害,并受到周围环境的威胁。结论:磷酸盐、油脂、氯化物和TSS的测量浓度超过了水质要求,表明水受到了污染。在所有水样中检测到大肠杆菌,进一步建议禁止娱乐活动,以避免意外摄入和皮肤接触受污染的水。由于排水系统不可靠、缺乏适当的卫生设施以及社区的收集和处理行为,周边居民区、商业区和农业区的现有活动加剧了水污染。由此,可以为如何修复和保护河流提供科学依据,并为决策者和水资源管理者实施实现可持续水资源的战略提供指导。
{"title":"Laboratory analysis to determine the accurate characteristics of urban food waste","authors":"A. Charkhestani, D. Kebria","doi":"10.22034/GJESM.2022.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/GJESM.2022.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Safeguarding water resources became a major concern in many parts of the world as it aims to provide safe and healthy water for humans. Water quality monitoring is a popular tool in ensuring water quality is safe and within the allowable limits and standards for the health of the community. To provide interventions and strategies for the rehabilitation, a water quality monitoring plan was conducted to describe the water quality and the classification of the river.METHODS: This study conducted an environmental analysis to determine existing conditions and processes in the surrounding environment such as the land use, drainage pattern, reconnaissance survey of the river, and a key interview to describe the barangay profile and the community's water use and practices. The water quality monitoring covers the evaluation of ten water quality parameters: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, phosphate, nitrate, oil and grease, chloride, and E. coli.FINDINGS: Results of the study presents the water quality against the ten water quality criteria. Phosphate measured on four stations ranges between 2.40-4.50 mg/L exceeding the allowable 0.50mg/L; the oil and grease exceeds the standards 2 mg/L with measured values of 2.40-4.60 mg/L in stations 2, 3, and 4; while measured chloride in all stations prove that the water is salty with values exceeding the freshwater requirement of 250mg/L; and the measured TSS in stations 2, 3 and 4 ranges from 32.30 to 49.3 mg/L exceeds the standards of 30mg/L.  E. coli was also detected in water samples collected in all sampling stations. The computed water quality index of 39.02 described water as poor, always impaired, and threatened by the surrounding environment.  CONCLUSION: The measured concentrations for phosphate, oil/ grease, chloride, and TSS exceeds the water quality requirement suggesting that the water is contaminated. The E. coli detected in all water samples, further recommends prohibition of recreational activities to avoid accidental intakes and skin contact on the polluted water.  The existing activities in the surrounding residential, commercial and agricultural areas contributed to water contamination as aggravated by the unreliable drainage system, absence of proper sanitation facilities, and collection and disposal behavior of the community. From this, a scientific basis can be drawn on how the river can be rehabilitated and protected and serve as guide for policymakers and water managers on implementing strategies to achieve sustainable water resources.","PeriodicalId":46495,"journal":{"name":"GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT-GJESM","volume":"1 1","pages":"225-238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46339974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Dissolved organic matter and its correlation with phytoplankton abundance for monitoring surface water quality 地表水水质监测中溶解有机质及其与浮游植物丰度的相关性
IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-08-20 DOI: 10.22034/GJESM.2022.01.05
O. Cahyonugroho, S. Hariyanto, G. Supriyanto
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dissolved organic matter has a fundamental role in supporting phytoplankton abundance and growth in aquatic environments. However, these organisms produce dissolved organic matter with varied quantities or characteristics depending on the nutrient availability and the species composition. Therefore, this study aims to assess the characteristic of dissolved organic matter on surface water and its correlation with phytoplankton abundance for monitoring water quality.METHODS: The sample was obtained at four Kali Surabaya River stations for further dissolved organic matter analysis and phytoplankton species analysis. The analysis was presented through bulk parameters of total organic, ultraviolet at 254 nm wavelength (UV254), specific ultraviolet absorbance value, and fluorescence spectroscopy using excitation-emission matrices with fluorescence regional integration analysis.FINDINGS: The results showed the bulk parameters of dissolved organic matter at all stations were significantly different, as Station 1 and 2 were higher, while 3 and 4 had a lower concentration. Furthermore, the fluorescence spectroscopy identified four components of dissolved organic matter at all stations, namely aromatic proteins-like (AP-like), humic acid-like (HA-like), soluble microbial by-products-like (SMPs-like), and fulvic acid-like (FA-like). Also, stations 1 and 2 were grouped in the high percentage FRI of humic substance (FA-like and HA-like), while 3 and 4 were classified in the high percentage FRI of non-humic substances (AP-like and SMPs-like).CONCLUSION: The main phytoplankton species, namely Plectonema sp., Pinularia sp., Nitzchia sp., Navicula sp., had the highest abundance at Stations 1, 3, and 4, respectively. A strong correlation between dissolved organic matter analysis and phytoplankton abundance led to the usage of these methods for monitoring surface water quality.
背景与目的:溶解有机物在支持水生环境中浮游植物的丰度和生长方面具有重要作用。然而,这些生物产生溶解的有机物,其数量或特征取决于养分有效性和物种组成。因此,本研究旨在研究地表水溶解有机质特征及其与浮游植物丰度的相关性,为水质监测提供依据。方法:在泗水河四个站点采集样品,进行溶解有机质分析和浮游植物种类分析。利用激发-发射矩阵结合荧光区域积分分析,通过总有机组分、254 nm紫外(UV254)、比紫外吸收值和荧光光谱等参数进行分析。结果:各监测站溶解有机质的体积参数存在显著差异,监测站1、2浓度较高,监测站3、4浓度较低;此外,荧光光谱鉴定了所有站点溶解有机物的四种成分,即芳香蛋白样(AP-like),腐植酸样(HA-like),可溶性微生物副产物样(SMPs-like)和黄腐酸样(FA-like)。另外,站点1和2被划分为腐殖质高百分比FRI (FA-like和HA-like),而站点3和4被划分为非腐殖质高百分比FRI (AP-like和SMPs-like)。结论:1、3、4站浮游植物丰度最高的分别是Plectonema sp.、Pinularia sp.、Nitzchia sp.和Navicula sp.。溶解有机物分析与浮游植物丰度之间的强相关性导致使用这些方法监测地表水质量。
{"title":"Dissolved organic matter and its correlation with phytoplankton abundance for monitoring surface water quality","authors":"O. Cahyonugroho, S. Hariyanto, G. Supriyanto","doi":"10.22034/GJESM.2022.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/GJESM.2022.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dissolved organic matter has a fundamental role in supporting phytoplankton abundance and growth in aquatic environments. However, these organisms produce dissolved organic matter with varied quantities or characteristics depending on the nutrient availability and the species composition. Therefore, this study aims to assess the characteristic of dissolved organic matter on surface water and its correlation with phytoplankton abundance for monitoring water quality.METHODS: The sample was obtained at four Kali Surabaya River stations for further dissolved organic matter analysis and phytoplankton species analysis. The analysis was presented through bulk parameters of total organic, ultraviolet at 254 nm wavelength (UV254), specific ultraviolet absorbance value, and fluorescence spectroscopy using excitation-emission matrices with fluorescence regional integration analysis.FINDINGS: The results showed the bulk parameters of dissolved organic matter at all stations were significantly different, as Station 1 and 2 were higher, while 3 and 4 had a lower concentration. Furthermore, the fluorescence spectroscopy identified four components of dissolved organic matter at all stations, namely aromatic proteins-like (AP-like), humic acid-like (HA-like), soluble microbial by-products-like (SMPs-like), and fulvic acid-like (FA-like). Also, stations 1 and 2 were grouped in the high percentage FRI of humic substance (FA-like and HA-like), while 3 and 4 were classified in the high percentage FRI of non-humic substances (AP-like and SMPs-like).CONCLUSION: The main phytoplankton species, namely Plectonema sp., Pinularia sp., Nitzchia sp., Navicula sp., had the highest abundance at Stations 1, 3, and 4, respectively. A strong correlation between dissolved organic matter analysis and phytoplankton abundance led to the usage of these methods for monitoring surface water quality.","PeriodicalId":46495,"journal":{"name":"GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT-GJESM","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45286003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Effectiveness of natural coagulants in water and wastewater treatment 天然混凝剂在水和废水处理中的有效性
IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-07-07 DOI: 10.22034/GJESM.2022.01.08
S. Nimesha, C. Hewawasam, D. J. Jayasanka, Y. Murakami, N. Araki, N. Maharjan
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Electronic equipment production is one of the major industrial sectors in Indonesia, as it also contributes to Indonesia’s export commodities, which increase because of rapid technological developments. Cell phones, which have considerable potential to become electronic waste, recorded the enormous escalation in electronic production. This research aimed to increase community involvement and the collection of used cell phones from households in e-waste management in Indonesia. A survey was conducted to explore a household’s environmental awareness and willingness to recycle based on sociodemographics, environmental hazard awareness, and used cell phone usage in Jabodetabek, Indonesia.METHODS: In this research, a peer questionnaire was used and organized into five sections: The first section contained the sociodemographic details of the respondents. The second section comprised multiple concerns that relate to recycling and environmental awareness. The third section contained the family cell phone information. The fourth section determined the cell phone consumer behavior. The fifth section consisted of willingness to recycle. Statistical correlations between variables were assessed, and the chi-square independence test was used to evaluate the statistical correlations. FINDINGS: Mostly the households will replace their used cell phone if there is damage (66.84%) and keep the used cell phone at home (59.5%), thus becoming an obstacle in applying the appropriate recycling system and a circular economy. The average cell phone ownership in Jabodetabek is 1.28 units, and the average cell phone life span of people in Jabodetabek is 2.6 years. The Environmental Hazard Awareness variable has significant differences with occupation and income level (p-value = 0.028 and 0.046), Used Cellphone Usage variable has significant differences with the income level variable (p-value = 0.024). The others, a statistically significant difference between sociodemographic variable and Willingness to Recycle was observed; p-value = 0.003 for age and p-value = 0.034 for occupation. CONCLUSION: This paper showed that Environmental Hazard Awareness and Willingness to Recycle have an important role in increasing the collection of used cell phones from households. . This study assessed community-based factors located in urban areas. The factors could encourage their participation in collection activities, obtain information on the preferred collection channels of residents, and provide a perspective for managing cell phones through an analysis of the improvements and influences of Indonesia’s current e-waste recycling program. Therefore, to develop a new strategy, the findings of this study can provide insights into the e-waste problem and citizen’s awareness of e-waste management.
背景和目标:电子设备生产是印度尼西亚的主要工业部门之一,因为它也有助于印度尼西亚的出口商品,由于技术的快速发展,出口商品有所增加。手机有相当大的潜力成为电子废物,记录了电子生产的巨大升级。这项研究旨在增加社区参与,并从印度尼西亚的家庭收集废旧手机,以进行电子垃圾管理。基于社会人口统计、环境危害意识和使用过的手机,在印度尼西亚Jabodetabek进行了一项调查,以探讨一个家庭的环境意识和回收意愿。方法:在这项研究中,使用了同行问卷,并将其分为五个部分:第一部分包含受访者的社会人口统计详细信息。第二部分包括与回收利用和环境意识有关的多个关切问题。第三部分包含家庭手机信息。第四部分确定了手机消费者行为。第五部分包括回收意愿。评估变量之间的统计相关性,并使用卡方独立性检验来评估统计相关性。调查结果:如果用过的手机损坏,大多数家庭会更换(66.84%),并将用过的电话留在家中(59.5%),从而成为应用适当回收系统和循环经济的障碍。贾博德塔贝克的平均手机拥有量为1.28部,贾博德塔贝克人的平均手机寿命为2.6年。环境危害意识变量与职业和收入水平之间存在显著差异(p值分别为0.028和0.046),二手手机使用量变量与收入水平变量之间存在显著差别(p值为0.024);年龄p值=0.003,职业p值=0.034。结论:环境危害意识和回收意愿对增加家庭废旧手机的回收具有重要作用。本研究评估了城市地区的社区因素。这些因素可以鼓励他们参与收集活动,获得居民首选收集渠道的信息,并通过分析印尼当前电子垃圾回收计划的改进和影响,为管理手机提供一个视角。因此,为了制定一种新的策略,本研究的结果可以深入了解电子垃圾问题和公民的电子垃圾管理意识。
{"title":"Effectiveness of natural coagulants in water and wastewater treatment","authors":"S. Nimesha, C. Hewawasam, D. J. Jayasanka, Y. Murakami, N. Araki, N. Maharjan","doi":"10.22034/GJESM.2022.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/GJESM.2022.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Electronic equipment production is one of the major industrial sectors in Indonesia, as it also contributes to Indonesia’s export commodities, which increase because of rapid technological developments. Cell phones, which have considerable potential to become electronic waste, recorded the enormous escalation in electronic production. This research aimed to increase community involvement and the collection of used cell phones from households in e-waste management in Indonesia. A survey was conducted to explore a household’s environmental awareness and willingness to recycle based on sociodemographics, environmental hazard awareness, and used cell phone usage in Jabodetabek, Indonesia.METHODS: In this research, a peer questionnaire was used and organized into five sections: The first section contained the sociodemographic details of the respondents. The second section comprised multiple concerns that relate to recycling and environmental awareness. The third section contained the family cell phone information. The fourth section determined the cell phone consumer behavior. The fifth section consisted of willingness to recycle. Statistical correlations between variables were assessed, and the chi-square independence test was used to evaluate the statistical correlations. FINDINGS: Mostly the households will replace their used cell phone if there is damage (66.84%) and keep the used cell phone at home (59.5%), thus becoming an obstacle in applying the appropriate recycling system and a circular economy. The average cell phone ownership in Jabodetabek is 1.28 units, and the average cell phone life span of people in Jabodetabek is 2.6 years. The Environmental Hazard Awareness variable has significant differences with occupation and income level (p-value = 0.028 and 0.046), Used Cellphone Usage variable has significant differences with the income level variable (p-value = 0.024). The others, a statistically significant difference between sociodemographic variable and Willingness to Recycle was observed; p-value = 0.003 for age and p-value = 0.034 for occupation. CONCLUSION: This paper showed that Environmental Hazard Awareness and Willingness to Recycle have an important role in increasing the collection of used cell phones from households. . This study assessed community-based factors located in urban areas. The factors could encourage their participation in collection activities, obtain information on the preferred collection channels of residents, and provide a perspective for managing cell phones through an analysis of the improvements and influences of Indonesia’s current e-waste recycling program. Therefore, to develop a new strategy, the findings of this study can provide insights into the e-waste problem and citizen’s awareness of e-waste management.","PeriodicalId":46495,"journal":{"name":"GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT-GJESM","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46041293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in promoting sustainable agriculture 植物生长促进根瘤菌促进可持续农业
IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.22034/GJESM.2021.03.06
V. Dhayalan, K. Sudalaimuthu
Rapid human population growth and its consequences of food shortage become a significant concern in recent decades across the world. The untold reasons behind this food shortage were industrialization, urbanization, modern civilization, etc., where the agricultural land has been deployed. With the decreasing farmland and its cultivation, food productivity declined drastically and failed to serve the world's vast human population. The present challenge is to increase productivity with the least agricultural land. Thus, excessive chemical fertilizer has been used to quickly turn out more outstanding food production, leading to more significant damages to soil ecosystem and human health. Henceforth, bio-fertilizers find the best alternatives to chemical fertilizers. This study focuses on complete nature of plant growth Promoting rhizobacteria, which is used in bio fertilizers for sustainable agricultural productivity and everlasting soil fertility. The characteristics of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and its role in plant growth and formulation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria biofertilizers have been revealed through intensive literature. The consortium information collected from various literatures brings the unique findings that plant growth promoting rhizobacteria is the natural boon to the global agriculturist. This study discusses plant growth promoting rhizobacteria bacterial strains' role in protecting the soil from various biotic and abiotic stresses, regulating plant growth and its role in producing biofertilizers. Besides, it is transformed into commercial products. Eventually, the future trends and research in plant growth promoting rhizobacteria bio inoculants that promote sustainable agriculture have been elucidated. The microorganism is the bio fertilizer's main ingredients, promoting the soil nutrients for efficient plant growth and increasing food productivity. Although many microorganisms efficiently contribute to the soil nutrients, this review narrows down to the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria study. Beneficial bacterium plays a vital role in nutrient mineralization and productivity among the various microorganisms. Bio fertilizers containing beneficial bacteria were economically viable and readily available in nature. This review reveals the complete essence of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and its part in bio fertilizers. ==========================================================================================COPYRIGHTS©2021 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.==========================================================================================
近几十年来,人口的快速增长及其所带来的粮食短缺问题已成为全世界关注的一个重大问题。这种粮食短缺背后的原因是工业化、城市化、现代文明等,农业用地被部署在哪里。随着耕地和耕地的减少,粮食产量急剧下降,无法满足世界上庞大的人口。目前的挑战是如何以最少的农业用地提高生产力。因此,过量化肥的使用迅速转化为更加突出的粮食生产,对土壤生态系统和人类健康造成更大的损害。从此以后,生物肥料成为化学肥料的最佳替代品。本研究的重点是植物生长的全貌,促进根瘤菌作为生物肥料用于可持续农业生产力和永久土壤肥力。植物促生根瘤菌的特性及其在植物生长中的作用和植物促生根瘤菌生物肥料的配方已通过大量文献揭示。从各种文献中收集的联盟信息带来了促进植物生长的根瘤菌是全球农业学家的天然福音的独特发现。本研究探讨了促进植物生长的根瘤菌菌株在保护土壤免受各种生物和非生物胁迫、调节植物生长和生产生物肥料方面的作用。此外,它被转化为商业产品。最后,展望了促进植物生长的根瘤菌生物接种剂在促进农业可持续发展方面的研究前景和发展趋势。微生物是生物肥料的主要成分,促进土壤养分,促进植物高效生长,提高粮食产量。虽然许多微生物都能有效地为土壤提供养分,但本文只对促进植物生长的根瘤菌进行了综述。在各种微生物中,有益菌在营养矿化和生产力方面起着至关重要的作用。含有有益菌的生物肥料在经济上是可行的,并且在自然界中是容易获得的。本文综述了促进植物生长的根瘤菌及其在生物肥料中的作用。========================================================================================== 版权©2021年作者(年代)。这是一篇根据知识共享署名协议(CC BY 4.0)发布的开放获取文章,该协议允许在任何媒体上不受限制地使用、分发和复制,只要引用原作者和来源。不需要许可从作者和出版商 .==========================================================================================
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引用次数: 12
Microplastics on the growth of plants and seed germination in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems 微塑料对水生和陆生生态系统中植物生长和种子萌发的影响
IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.22034/GJESM.2021.03.03
Y. Silva, U. Rajagopalan, H. Kadono
Growth of plants, apart from being complex and highly dynamic, is directly dependent on the environmental conditions, particularly the quality of soil for terrestrial plants and the water quality for aquatic plants. Presence of microplastics in the environment may affect the plant growth in numerous ways depending on the contents of the growing medium. However, increasing presence of microplastics at an alarming rate due to its pervasive usage and mismanagement of plastics have led to significant environmental problems. Several research studies have been conducted as well as reviewed to investigate the toxic effects of microplastics on aquatic systems, but studies that investigate the toxic effect of microplastics on the terrestrial systems are limited. Hence, in this review the individual and the combined effects of microplastics on the growth of plants and seed germination in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are concisely discussed. At the beginning accumulation of microplastics on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem is discussed and the reasonable solutions are highlighted that can mitigate the effects from the widespread increase of the plastic debris. Thereafter, the individual and combined effect of microplastics on seed germination and plant growth is reviewed separately while summarizing the important aspects and future perspectives. This review will provide an insight into the existing gap in the current research works and thus could offer possible implications on the effect of microplastics on plant growth and seed germination in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem. ==========================================================================================COPYRIGHTS©2021 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.==========================================================================================
植物的生长除了复杂和高度动态外,还直接依赖于环境条件,特别是陆生植物的土壤质量和水生植物的水质。环境中微塑料的存在可能以多种方式影响植物生长,这取决于生长介质的含量。然而,由于塑料的普遍使用和管理不善,微塑料以惊人的速度增加,导致了严重的环境问题。为了调查微塑料对水生系统的毒性影响,已经进行了几项研究并进行了审查,但调查微塑料对陆地系统毒性影响的研究有限。因此,本文简要讨论了微塑料对水生和陆地生态系统中植物生长和种子萌发的单独和联合影响。本文首先讨论了微塑料在水生和陆地生态系统中的积累,并提出了合理的解决方案,以减轻塑料碎片的广泛增加对水生和陆地生态系统的影响。在此基础上,分别综述了微塑料对种子萌发和植物生长的单独和联合影响,并总结了其研究的重点和未来发展方向。本文综述了微塑料在水生和陆地生态系统中对植物生长和种子萌发的影响,并对目前研究工作的空白进行了深入分析。========================================================================================== 版权©2021年作者(年代)。这是一篇根据知识共享署名协议(CC BY 4.0)发布的开放获取文章,该协议允许在任何媒体上不受限制地使用、分发和复制,只要引用原作者和来源。不需要许可从作者和出版商 .==========================================================================================
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引用次数: 23
Promising approach for composting disposable diapers enhanced by Cyanobacteria 有前途的方法堆肥一次性尿布增强蓝藻
IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.22034/GJESM.2021.03.08
D. I. Kusumawati, Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo
Disposable diapers have become a complicated matter due to the risk generation to the environment and human health. This study presents a description of disposable diapers characteristics and the success-proven methods used to handle this waste. In many developing countries where an inadequate waste management system occurs, the handling method selection must consider effectivity, the affordable cost, and the end product quality. Despite the diaper composting has successfully conducted in several previous studies, some issues remain for researchers to address. Thus, it requires an improvement so that the system runs effectively and sustainably. This study aimed to determine the possibility of using Cyanobacteria for enhancing the diapers composting. This study gains insights from previous studies using a literature review method, with the year of publication between 2007 to 2020. The focus of the investigation relates to disposable diapers composting and its optimation by cyanobacteria addition. And so as the future prospecting for application and implication to the environment and human life. Cyanobacteria ability to carry out nitrogen fixation, carbon sequestration, ubiquitous in natural habitat, highly adaptive in a wide range environmental condition, can live in the composting system, perform bioremediation, and its application as quality fertilizer, and potentially degrade plastic polymers, spread the expectation to cyanobacteria which associated with its advantages over other microorganisms to enhance the disposable diapers composting. This study highlights the potential utilization of cyanobacteria as an opportunity for copping disposable diapers pollution. The application of compost resulted expected to provide promising-advantages to the environmental sustainability and agriculture. This paper proposes an overarching review of the feasibility in this regard. ==========================================================================================COPYRIGHTS©2021 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.==========================================================================================
由于对环境和人体健康产生的风险,一次性尿布已经成为一个复杂的问题。本研究提出了一次性尿布的特点和成功证明的方法来处理这种废物的描述。在许多废物管理系统不足的发展中国家,处理方法的选择必须考虑效率、可负担的费用和最终产品质量。尽管在之前的几项研究中,尿布堆肥已经成功地进行了,但仍有一些问题有待研究人员解决。因此,它需要改进,使系统有效和可持续地运行。本研究旨在确定利用蓝藻菌提高纸尿裤堆肥的可能性。本研究采用文献回顾法,从以往的研究中获得见解,发表年份为2007年至2020年。重点研究了纸尿裤堆肥及其添加蓝藻菌的优化。展望其应用前景及对环境和人类生活的启示。蓝藻具有固氮、固碳的能力,在自然栖息地中无处不在,在广泛的环境条件下具有高度的适应性,可以在堆肥系统中生存,进行生物修复,其作为优质肥料的应用,以及对塑料聚合物的潜在降解,将其与其他微生物相比的优势推广到一次性纸尿裤堆肥中。这项研究强调了潜在的利用蓝藻作为一个机会,以应付一次性尿布污染。堆肥的应用有望为环境可持续性和农业提供有前景的优势。本文建议对这方面的可行性进行总体审查。========================================================================================== 版权©2021年作者(年代)。这是一篇根据知识共享署名协议(CC BY 4.0)发布的开放获取文章,该协议允许在任何媒体上不受限制地使用、分发和复制,只要引用原作者和来源。不需要许可从作者和出版商 .==========================================================================================
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引用次数: 4
Empowerment key factors in shaping women's awareness of household waste management 赋权是塑造妇女对家庭废物管理意识的关键因素
IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.22034/GJESM.2021.03.01
D. Asteria, J. Haryanto
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Empowering activities is the key in building awareness and individual capacity of household waste management, especially for women as the main actors. This study aimed to explore empowering activities as the key factor in shaping women's awareness of household waste management. METHODS:This study was conducted using quantitative methods. The data collection technique used was survey. The sampling was carried out by purposive sampling technique. The criteria for sampling were those women who attended training in waste management in Jagakarsa Sub District, South Jakarta, Indonesia. The analytical technique used was Ordinary Least Square regression. FINDINGS: Based on the findings of this study, it was known that women who had good adaptability to technology were likely to have a greater chance score of 0.908. Education in schools was also found to have a positive impact on the opportunity score  to earn good living environment. It was found that an increase in 1 year of schooling will increase the score of chance by 0.0755 (estimation 5). This is not significantly different from estimation 4 which would increase the chance by 0.0745. In waste management training, The womens’ participation are likely to increase the score chance of having a good environment by 0.944 points (estimation 5). Besides, the womens’ participation were found to be statistically significant at 95% confidence level in all estimations, particularly in the waste management training. Based on the comparison of the participation coefficient parameters in waste management training, it was found that there were no significant differences or signs (+ and -) between the estimations. All coefficient parameters ranged from 0.83 to 0.94. CONCLUSION: Empowerment activities that utilize access to education and easily adapt to a technology might have a significant correlation with women's involvement in waste management training. This is the basis for building awareness to carry out more sustainable household waste management and achieve change to get a good living environment.  ==========================================================================================COPYRIGHTS©2021 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.==========================================================================================
背景和目标:赋权活动是提高人们对家庭废物管理的认识和个人能力的关键,尤其是对作为主要行为者的妇女而言。本研究旨在探讨赋权活动是塑造妇女家庭垃圾管理意识的关键因素。方法:采用定量方法进行研究。所使用的数据收集技术是调查。采样采用有目的的采样技术。抽样标准是在印度尼西亚雅加达南部Jagakarsa分区参加废物管理培训的妇女。所使用的分析技术是普通最小二乘回归。研究结果:根据这项研究的结果,已知对技术有良好适应能力的女性可能有更大的机会得分0.908。研究还发现,学校教育对获得良好生活环境的机会分数也有积极影响。研究发现,增加一年的教育将使机会得分增加0.0755(估计为5)。这与估计4没有显著差异,估计4将增加0.0745的机会。在废物管理培训中,女性的参与可能会使拥有良好环境的得分机会增加0.944分(估计5分)。此外,在所有估计中,尤其是在废物管理培训中,女性的参与度在95%的置信水平下具有统计学意义。基于对废物管理培训中参与系数参数的比较,发现估计之间没有显著差异或符号(+和-)。所有系数参数的范围从0.83到0.94。结论:利用受教育机会并容易适应一项技术的赋权活动可能与妇女参与废物管理培训有着显著的相关性。这是建立意识的基础,以进行更可持续的生活垃圾管理,实现改变,获得良好的生活环境。====================================================版权所有©2021作者。这是一篇根据知识共享署名(CC BY 4.0)条款分发的开放获取文章,该条款允许在任何媒体上不受限制地使用、分发和复制,只要引用了原始作者和来源。不需要作者或出版商的许可==========================================================================================
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引用次数: 10
期刊
GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT-GJESM
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