Journal of Economic Methodology最新文献

英文中文

A deeper struggle for the soul of economics 对经济学灵魂的更深层次的斗争

IF 1.2 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Methodology

Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.1080/1350178X.2021.2010282

Sheila Dow

ABSTRACT Kevin Hoover explores retroduction as a means of theorizing in macro-economics, rather than exclusive reliance on deductivism or inductivism. Retroduction is discussed as involving conceptualization with respect to empirical evidence as a means of identifying causal mechanisms as the basis for theory in the form of mathematical models. It is put forward as a preferred alternative to more fundamental reform of macro-economics, whose justification Hoover dismisses as being ‘ideological’. Yet ideology refers to a position on metaphysics such as Hoover himself sets out in terms of open systems, which would significantly extend the scope for retroduction.

凯文·胡佛将还原作为宏观经济学的一种理论化手段，而不是完全依赖于演绎主义或归纳主义。归纳法被讨论为涉及概念化的经验证据，作为识别因果机制的一种手段，以数学模型的形式作为理论的基础。它被提出作为更根本的宏观经济改革的首选替代方案，胡佛认为其理由是“意识形态”。然而，意识形态指的是形而上学的立场，就像胡佛自己在开放系统方面所阐述的那样，这将大大扩展还原的范围。

引用次数: 0

The struggle for the soul of macroeconomics 宏观经济学灵魂之争

IF 1.2 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Methodology

Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/1350178X.2021.2010281

K. Hoover

ABSTRACT Critics argued that the 2007–09 financial crisis was failure of macroeconomics, locating its source in the dynamic, stochastic general-equilibrium model and calling for fundamental re-orientation of the field. Critics exaggerated the role of DSGE models in actual policymaking, and DSGE modelers addressed some criticisms within the DSGE framework. But DSGE modelers oversold their success and even claimed that their approach is the sine qua non of competent macroeconomics. The DSGE modelers and their critics renew an old debate over the relative priority of a priori theory and empirical data, classically exemplified in the Measurement without Theory Debate of the 1940s between the Cowles Commission and the National Bureau of Economic Research. The earlier debate is reviewed for its implications for the recent controversy. In adopting the Cowles-Commission position, some DSGE modelers would essentially straight-jacket macroeconomics and undermine economic science and the pursuit of knowledge in an open-minded, yet critical framework.

批评人士认为，2007-09年的金融危机是宏观经济学的失败，将其根源定位于动态的、随机的一般均衡模型，并呼吁宏观经济学从根本上重新定位。批评者夸大了DSGE模型在实际政策制定中的作用，并且DSGE建模者在DSGE框架内解决了一些批评。但DSGE建模者夸大了他们的成功，甚至声称他们的方法是称职的宏观经济学的必要条件。DSGE建模者和他们的批评者重新开始了一场关于先验理论和经验数据相对优先的旧辩论，经典的例子是20世纪40年代考尔斯委员会和国家经济研究局之间的“无理论测量”辩论。回顾先前的辩论对最近的争论的影响。在采用考尔斯委员会的立场时，一些DSGE建模者本质上是直截了当的宏观经济学，破坏了经济科学和在一个开放但关键的框架中对知识的追求。

引用次数: 2

A review on Katzner’s Models, mathematics and methodology in economic explanation, Cambridge University Press 2018 《经济解释中的卡兹纳模型、数学和方法论述评》，剑桥大学出版社2018年出版

IF 1.2 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Methodology

Pub Date : 2021-11-25 DOI: 10.1080/1350178X.2021.2006998

Aki Lehtinen

ABSTRACT A review of Donald Katzner's book on economic modelling is provided. In addition to characterising the book, I give critical comments on the distinction between primary and secondary assumptions.

本文对唐纳德·卡兹纳的经济建模著作进行了回顾。除了描述这本书的特点外，我还对主要假设和次要假设之间的区别提出了批评意见。

引用次数: 0

Sugden’s community of advantage 苏登的优势社区

IF 1.2 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Methodology

Pub Date : 2021-11-24 DOI: 10.1080/1350178x.2021.1993308

Geoffrey Brennan, H. Kliemt

Starting from a behavioural-economics critique of standard rational choice theory Sugden seeks to restate the case for classical liberalism. That case has three strands: a refutation of libertarian paternalism; a restatement of standard welfare theorems of economics in terms of opportunity sets; and underlining the role that ‘exchange’ plays in supporting civil liberal society. We explore questions about Sugden’s arguments in connection to all three strands and to relevant pieces of Adam Smith and James Buchanan to which Sugden appeals. Without substantive assumptions Sugden either adopts a view from nowhere or has to implicitly rely on non-negotiable interpersonal respect norms. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 21 July 2021 Accepted 11 October 2021

从对标准理性选择理论的行为经济学批判出发，苏登试图重申古典自由主义的观点。这个案例有三个方面:对自由意志主义家长作风的驳斥;从机会集的角度对标准福利经济学定理的重述;并强调“交换”在支持公民自由社会中所起的作用。我们将结合这三种观点，以及萨格登所引用的亚当·斯密和詹姆斯·布坎南的相关观点，探讨有关萨格登观点的问题。在没有实质性假设的情况下，萨格登要么凭空采纳观点，要么含蓄地依赖于不可协商的人际尊重规范。文章历史收到2021年7月21日接收2021年10月11日

引用次数: 3

Learning from Lucas 向卢卡斯学习

IF 1.2 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Methodology

Pub Date : 2021-11-11 DOI: 10.1080/1350178X.2021.1993307

T. Sargent

ABSTRACT This paper recollects meetings with Robert E. Lucas, Jr. over many years. It describes how, through personal interactions and studying his work, Lucas taught me to think about economics.

本文回顾了多年来与小罗伯特·e·卢卡斯的会面。书中描述了卢卡斯如何通过个人互动和研究他的作品，教会我思考经济学。

引用次数: 1

Lucas’s way to his monetary theory of large-scale fluctuations 卢卡斯的大规模波动货币理论

IF 1.2 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Methodology

Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.1080/1350178X.2021.1993306

Peter Galbács

ABSTRACT This introductory paper offers a look into the intellectual and technical progress that led Robert E. Lucas to his seminal paper entitled Expectations and the neutrality of money. It is argued that the neutrality paper applies the capital-theoretic approach of Lucas’s firm microeconomics of the mid-1960s to the representative agent’s labour supply decision. While emphasizing this similarity, the study gives an overview of the steps through which Lucas changed the basic decision problem of adjusting to price changes from a static Marshallian setting into his neo-Walrasian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework. Extensive references to Lucas’s unpublished materials underpin the claims.

本文介绍了罗伯特·e·卢卡斯(Robert E. Lucas)的开创性论文《期望与货币中立性》(Expectations and neutral of money)，正是在这些知识和技术进步的推动下，卢卡斯才写出了这篇论文。本文将20世纪60年代中期卢卡斯企业微观经济学的资本理论方法应用于代表性代理人的劳动力供给决策。在强调这种相似性的同时，该研究概述了卢卡斯将调整价格变化的基本决策问题从静态马歇尔设定转变为新瓦尔拉斯动态随机一般均衡框架的步骤。大量引用卢卡斯未发表的材料支持了这一说法。

引用次数: 0

Does utilitarianism need a rethink? Review of Louis Narens and Brian Skyrms' The Pursuit of Happiness 功利主义需要重新思考吗?回顾路易斯·纳伦斯和布莱恩·斯基姆斯的《追求幸福》

IF 1.2 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Methodology

Pub Date : 2021-10-11 DOI: 10.1080/1350178X.2021.1985755

Heather Browning, W. Veit

Blaug, M. (1980). The methodology of economics, or, how economists explain. Cambridge University Press. Caldwell, B. (1982). Beyond positivism: Economic methodology in the twentieth century. Allen & Unwin. Cartwright, N. (1999). The dappled world: A study of the boundaries of science. Cambridge University Press. Chao, H.-K. (2003). Milton Friedman and the emergence of the permanent income hypothesis. History of Political Economy, 35(1), 77–104. https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-35-1-77 Chao, H.-K. (2007). A structure of the consumption function. Journal of Economic Methodology, 14(2), 227–248. https:// doi.org/10.1080/13501780701394102 De Vroey, M. (2016). A history of macroeconomics from Keynes to Lucas and beyond. Cambridge University Press. Friedman, M. (1956). The quantity theory of money: A restatement. In M. Friedman (Ed.), Studies in the quantity theory of money (pp. 3–21). University of Chicago Press. Friedman, M. (1959). The demand for money: Some theoretical and empirical results. Journal of Political Economy, 67(4), 327–351. https://doi.org/10.1086/258194 Hoover, K. D. (2010). Idealizing reduction: The microfoundations of macroeconomics. Erkenntnis, 73(3), 329–347. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10670-010-9235-1 Hoover, K. D. (2015). Reductionism in economics: Intentionality and eschatological justification in the microfoundations of macroeconomics. Philosophy of Science, 82(4), 689–711. https://doi.org/10.1086/682917 Jhun, J. (2021). The case of the consumption function: Structural realism in macroeconomics. In T. D. Lyons & P. Vickers (Eds.), Contemporary scientific realism: The challenge from the history of science (pp. 257–283). Oxford University Press. Lucas, R. E., Jr. (2013a). Collected papers on monetary theory. Harvard University Press. Lucas, R. E., Jr. (2013b/1984). Money in a theory of finance. In M. Gillman (Ed.), Collected papers on monetary theory (pp. 161–192). Harvard University Press. Lucas, R. E., Jr. (2013c/1994). Review of Milton Friedman and Anna J. Schwartz, A monetary history of the United States, 1867–1960. In M. Gillman (Ed.), Collected papers on monetary theory (pp. 361–374). Harvard University Press. Lucas, R. E., Jr. (2013d/1996). Nobel lecture: Monetary neutrality. In M. Gillman (Ed.), Collected papers on monetary theory (pp. 375–399). Harvard University Press. Lucas, R. E., Jr. (2013e/2004). Keynote address to the 2003 HOPE Conference: My Keynesian education. In M. Gillman (Ed.), Collected papers on monetary theory (pp. 503–516). Harvard University Press. Lucas, R. E., & Rapping, L. A. (1969). Real wages, employment, and inflation. Journal of Political Economy, 77(5), 721–754. https://doi.org/10.1086/259559 Lucas, R. E., Jr., & Stokey, N. L. (2013/1987). Money and interest in a cash-in-advance economy. In M. Gillman (Ed.), Collected papers on monetary theory (pp. 214–242). Harvard University Press. Sargent, T. J. (2015). Robert E. Lucas Jr.’s collected papers on monetary theory. Journal of Economic Literature,

布劳格，M.(1980)。经济学的方法论，或经济学家如何解释。剑桥大学出版社。考德威尔，B.(1982)。超越实证主义:二十世纪的经济方法论。Allen & Unwin。卡特赖特，N.(1999)。斑点世界:对科学边界的研究。剑桥大学出版社。曹国伟,H.-K。(2003)。米尔顿·弗里德曼和永久收入假说的出现。政治经济史，35(1)，77-104。https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-35-1-77 Chao, h - k。(2007)。一种消费函数的结构。《经济研究》，14(2)，227-248。https:// doi.org/10.1080/13501780701394102 De Vroey, M.(2016)。宏观经济学的历史，从凯恩斯到卢卡斯和超越。剑桥大学出版社。弗里德曼，M.(1956)。货币数量理论:重述。弗里德曼主编，《货币数量理论研究》(第3-21页)。芝加哥大学出版社。弗里德曼，M.(1959)。货币需求:一些理论和实证结果。政治经济研究，2009(4)，327-351。https://doi.org/10.1086/258194 Hoover, K. D.(2010)。理想化的还原:宏观经济学的微观基础。中国生物医学工程学报，33(3)，329-347。https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10670-010-9235-1 Hoover, k.d.(2015)。经济学中的还原论:宏观经济学微观基础中的意向性和末世论正当性。科学哲学，2008(4)，689-711。https://doi.org/10.1086/682917 Jhun, J.(2021)。消费函数的案例:宏观经济学中的结构现实主义。在t.d. Lyons & P. Vickers(编)，当代科学现实主义:来自科学史的挑战(第257-283页)。牛津大学出版社。Lucas, r.e.， Jr. (2013a)。收集有关货币理论的论文。哈佛大学出版社。李文杰，李文杰(2013 / 11)。金融理论中的货币。吉尔曼主编，《货币理论论文集》(第161-192页)。哈佛大学出版社。李建军，李建军(2013 /1994)。米尔顿·弗里德曼和安娜·j·施瓦茨:《美国货币史，1867-1960》。吉尔曼主编，《货币理论论文集》(第361-374页)。哈佛大学出版社。[3]李建军，李建军，李建军。诺贝尔奖演讲:货币中性。吉尔曼主编，《货币理论论文集》(第375-399页)。哈佛大学出版社。李建平，李建平(2013 /2004)。2003年希望会议的主题演讲:我的凯恩斯主义教育。在M.吉尔曼(编)，《货币理论文集》(第503-516页)。哈佛大学出版社。Lucas, r.e.， & Rapping, l.a.(1969)。实际工资，就业和通货膨胀。政治经济研究，2009(5):721-754。https://doi.org/10.1086/259559 Lucas, R. E.， Jr.和Stokey, N. L.(2013/1987)。预付现金经济中的金钱和利息。吉尔曼主编，《货币理论论文集》(第214-242页)。哈佛大学出版社。萨金特，t.j.(2015)。小罗伯特·e·卢卡斯关于货币理论的论文集。经济研究，2013(1)，44 - 44。https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.53.1.43

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引用次数: 1

Voluntary agreements 自愿协议

IF 1.2 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Methodology

Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/1350178X.2021.1989476

C. Sunstein

ABSTRACT In philosophy, economics, and law, the idea of voluntary agreements plays a central role. But contractarianism in political philosophy stands (or falls) on altogether different grounds from enthusiasm for contractual ordering in economics and law. Protection of voluntary agreements, and of personal agency, might well be justified on deontological grounds; it should also be supported by welfarists. But when participants in voluntary agreements lack information or suffer from behavioral biases (including adaptive preferences), there is reason to help them, potentially through nudges, mandates, and bans.

在哲学、经济学和法学中，自愿协议的思想起着核心作用。但是，政治哲学中的契约主义与经济学和法学中对契约秩序的热情有着完全不同的基础。从义务论的角度来看，保护自愿协议和个人代理可能是合理的;它也应该得到福利主义者的支持。但是，当自愿协议的参与者缺乏信息或遭受行为偏见(包括适应性偏好)时，有理由通过推动、命令和禁令来帮助他们。

引用次数: 6

Introduction to the Review Symposium on Robert Sugden's The Community of Advantage 罗伯特·萨格登《优势共同体》评论讨论会简介

IF 1.2 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Methodology

Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/1350178x.2021.1998755

J. Vromen, N. Emrah Aydinonat

The publication of Robert Sugden’s The Community of Advantage in 2018 might very well turn out to be a landmark event in welfare economics. In the book, Sugden presents a highly original view on what the main lessons of behavioral economics should be for welfare analyses; a view that radically deviates from the libertarian paternalism underlying the Nudge literature and other views that have been put forward in behavioral welfare economics. All the prevailing versions of behavioral welfare economics somehow want to retain the normative authority of individuals’ preferences (or of a proper subset of individuals’ preferences; preferences that are not clearly flawed by cognitive errors and mistakes). As Sugden cogently argues, the evidence gathered in behavioral economics fails to sustain this deference to preferences. With his own opportunity criterion, Sugden proposes a break with this long-lived tradition in welfare economics. The radicality of Sugden’s view goes beyond this as he argues that the addressee of welfare analysis should not be a fictitious benevolent social planner, but rather citizens, as potential parties to mutually beneficial agreements. We are happy to present this Review Symposium issue on The Community of Advantage in which prominent scholars, all with different outlooks and predilections, comment on the book, prompting Sugden to clarify and sharpen his own views. We want to thank Douglas Bernheim, Geoffrey Brennan, Malte Dold, Hartmut Kliemt, Mozaffar Quizilbash, Mario Rizzo, Cass Sunstein, Johanna Thoma and Robert Sugden for their fine work. Many thanks also to our reviewers for their contribution. Our greatest gratitude goes to Constanze Binder, the guest editor of this Review Symposium. Without her relentless efforts, this issue would not have seen the light. What is more, Constanze’s meticulous comments on earlier drafts of the articles published in this issue surely helped in improving their focus and clarity. Sadly, personal circumstances prevented her from finishing her own contribution in time. We hope that she will publish her own contribution soon and shed her own light on The Community of Advantage.

罗伯特·苏登(Robert Sugden)在2018年出版的《优势共同体》(The Community of Advantage)很可能成为福利经济学的一个里程碑事件。在书中，苏登提出了一个非常原创的观点，即行为经济学的主要教训应该用于福利分析;这种观点从根本上背离了《助推》(Nudge)文学和行为福利经济学中提出的其他观点所隐含的自由意志主义家长式作风。所有流行的行为福利经济学版本都想保留个人偏好(或个人偏好的适当子集)的规范性权威;没有明显的认知错误和错误的偏好)。正如萨格登令人信服地指出的那样，行为经济学中收集到的证据无法支持这种对偏好的服从。根据他自己的机会标准，萨格登提出要打破福利经济学中这种长期存在的传统。萨格登观点的激进之处在于，他认为福利分析的对象不应该是一个虚构的仁慈的社会规划者，而应该是公民，作为互惠协议的潜在各方。我们很高兴在《优势共同体》的评论研讨会上发表这期文章，在这期文章中，有着不同观点和偏好的著名学者对这本书进行了评论，这促使苏登澄清并阐明了他自己的观点。我们要感谢道格拉斯·伯恩海姆、杰弗里·布伦南、马尔特·多尔德、哈特穆特·克里姆特、莫扎法·奎兹尔巴什、马里奥·里佐、卡斯·桑斯坦、约翰娜·托马和罗伯特·萨格登的出色工作。也非常感谢我们的审稿人的贡献。我们非常感谢本次评论研讨会的客座编辑Constanze Binder。没有她不懈的努力，这个问题就不会曝光。更重要的是，Constanze对本期发表的文章的早期草稿进行了细致的评论，这无疑有助于提高文章的重点和清晰度。不幸的是，个人情况使她未能及时完成自己的贡献。我们希望她能尽快发表自己的贡献，为优势社区提供自己的见解。

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引用次数: 0

The limits of opportunity-only: context-dependence and agency in behavioral welfare economics 唯机会主义的限制:行为福利经济学中的情境依赖与代理

IF 1.2 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Journal of Economic Methodology

Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/1350178X.2021.1988132

M. Dold, M. Rizzo

ABSTRACT What should be the ‘informational base’ of welfare economics if one takes the insights from behavioral economics seriously? Sugden proposes individuals’ sets of opportunities. This paper discusses his opportunity criterion and argues that it largely neglects intricate problems of context-dependence and personal agency. We contrast Sugden’s approach with Buchanan’s understanding of choice, which highlights the importance of agentic capabilities to navigate choice sets, particularly in situations where individuals face subtle interdependences between preference formation processes and their situational or social environment. This paper advocates that the informational base of welfare economics may need to go beyond opportunities if it is to command general assent among individuals who have an interest in being sovereign ‘authors of their own lives’. We argue that economists who take individuals interests seriously should not only consider the size of opportunity sets but also individuals’ sense of personal agency when comparing alternative social states.

如果我们认真对待行为经济学的见解，福利经济学的“信息基础”应该是什么?萨格登提出了个人的一系列机会。本文讨论了他的机会标准，认为它在很大程度上忽略了情境依赖和个人代理的复杂问题。我们将Sugden的方法与Buchanan对选择的理解进行了对比，Buchanan强调了在选择集中导航的代理能力的重要性，特别是在个人面临偏好形成过程与其情境或社会环境之间微妙的相互依赖的情况下。本文主张，福利经济学的信息基础可能需要超越机会，如果它要在那些有兴趣成为主权“自己生活的作者”的个人中获得普遍同意。我们认为，认真对待个人利益的经济学家在比较不同的社会状态时，不仅应该考虑机会集的大小，还应该考虑个人的个人代理意识。

引用次数: 8

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