Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2022.2053264
Alexandria Selloni, Gagandeep Bhatia, Mohini Ranganathan, Joao P De Aquino
Objective: Cannabis use (CU) is common among persons with bipolar disorder (BD). Evidence suggests that CU is associated with poorer outcomes among persons with BD; however, these findings remain inconsistent. The present exploratory study aims to examine clinical, functional, and cognitive correlates of CU among persons with BD. Methods: U.S. veterans with BD type I who participated in a large-scale, nationwide study were categorized into four groups: current CU, past CU, past other drug use, and no drug use. Bivariate analyses, univariate analyses of covariance, and Levene's Test for Equality of Variance were used to compare groups on clinical, cognitive, and functional measures. Results: Of 254 (84.6% male) veterans with BD type I included in the analyses, 13 (5.1%) had current CU, 37 (14.5%) past CU, 77 (30.3%) past other drug use, and 127 (50%) reported no drug use. BD with CU was associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and experiencing lifetime suicidal ideation. Notably, current CU was associated with higher working memory performance, compared to both past CU and no drug use. Likewise, current CU was associated with higher functional capacity, compared to past CU as well as no drug use. Conclusions: These findings contribute to the growing literature on the complex effects of cannabis on BD. As the commercialization and legalization of cannabis increases, further research in this area is warranted to quantify posed risks to this population, and thereby guide clinical decision-making.
{"title":"Multimodal Correlates of Cannabis Use among U.S. Veterans with Bipolar Disorder: An Integrated Study of Clinical, Cognitive, and Functional Outcomes.","authors":"Alexandria Selloni, Gagandeep Bhatia, Mohini Ranganathan, Joao P De Aquino","doi":"10.1080/15504263.2022.2053264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2022.2053264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Cannabis use (CU) is common among persons with bipolar disorder (BD). Evidence suggests that CU is associated with poorer outcomes among persons with BD; however, these findings remain inconsistent. The present exploratory study aims to examine clinical, functional, and cognitive correlates of CU among persons with BD. <b>Methods:</b> U.S. veterans with BD type I who participated in a large-scale, nationwide study were categorized into four groups: current CU, past CU, past other drug use, and no drug use. Bivariate analyses, univariate analyses of covariance, and Levene's Test for Equality of Variance were used to compare groups on clinical, cognitive, and functional measures. <b>Results:</b> Of 254 (84.6% male) veterans with BD type I included in the analyses, 13 (5.1%) had current CU, 37 (14.5%) past CU, 77 (30.3%) past other drug use, and 127 (50%) reported no drug use. BD with CU was associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and experiencing lifetime suicidal ideation. Notably, current CU was associated with higher working memory performance, compared to both past CU and no drug use. Likewise, current CU was associated with higher functional capacity, compared to past CU as well as no drug use. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings contribute to the growing literature on the complex effects of cannabis on BD. As the commercialization and legalization of cannabis increases, further research in this area is warranted to quantify posed risks to this population, and thereby guide clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":46571,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dual Diagnosis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9794455/pdf/nihms-1848210.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10535797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01Epub Date: 2022-03-24DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2022.2051110
Constanza Daigre, Lara Grau-López, Raúl F Palma-Alvarez, Marta Perea-Ortueta, Marta Sorribes-Puertas, Pedro Serrano-Pérez, Marta Quesada, Lidia Segura, Marta Coronado, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Joan Colom
Objective COVID-19 and lockdown measures impacted mental health globally and had a particular impact on patients with substance use disorders (SUD). However, the impact of gender, age, and dual diagnosis on consumption patterns and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown among patients with SUD has not been analyzed in depth. Therefore, this study aimed to examine substance use and mental health status during COVID-19 lockdown considering gender, age, and previous dual diagnosis in patients with SUD treated in different outpatient addiction clinics in Catalonia. Methods: Thirteen clinics participated and 588 patients were enrolled in the study, of whom 70.7% were men and 29.3% were women. The mean age was 48 ± 11.3 years, and 63.2% had dual diagnoses. Results: Men reported significantly more frequent alcohol and cocaine consumption during lockdown, while women experienced more anxiety and depressive symptoms. Younger patients more frequently reported consuming cocaine and cannabis, breaking the lockdown rule, worsened family relationships, and reduced incomes. Older patients more frequently reported maintaining abstinence. Previous dual diagnosis was more often associated with benzodiazepine use disorder, less active working during lockdown, and more anxiety and depressive symptoms than not having previous dual diagnosis. Conclusions: Both new psychiatric symptoms and general worsening of existing symptoms were frequent during the lockdown. Differences based on the gender, age, and dual diagnosis of outpatients treated for substance use disorders should be considered in the planning of protection measures such as home confinement.
{"title":"A Multicenter Study on the Impact of Gender, Age, and Dual Diagnosis on Substance Consumption and Mental Health Status in Outpatients Treated for Substance Use Disorders During COVID-19 Lockdown.","authors":"Constanza Daigre, Lara Grau-López, Raúl F Palma-Alvarez, Marta Perea-Ortueta, Marta Sorribes-Puertas, Pedro Serrano-Pérez, Marta Quesada, Lidia Segura, Marta Coronado, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Joan Colom","doi":"10.1080/15504263.2022.2051110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2022.2051110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b> COVID-19 and lockdown measures impacted mental health globally and had a particular impact on patients with substance use disorders (SUD). However, the impact of gender, age, and dual diagnosis on consumption patterns and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown among patients with SUD has not been analyzed in depth. Therefore, this study aimed to examine substance use and mental health status during COVID-19 lockdown considering gender, age, and previous dual diagnosis in patients with SUD treated in different outpatient addiction clinics in Catalonia. <b>Methods:</b> Thirteen clinics participated and 588 patients were enrolled in the study, of whom 70.7% were men and 29.3% were women. The mean age was 48 ± 11.3 years, and 63.2% had dual diagnoses. <b>Results:</b> Men reported significantly more frequent alcohol and cocaine consumption during lockdown, while women experienced more anxiety and depressive symptoms. Younger patients more frequently reported consuming cocaine and cannabis, breaking the lockdown rule, worsened family relationships, and reduced incomes. Older patients more frequently reported maintaining abstinence. Previous dual diagnosis was more often associated with benzodiazepine use disorder, less active working during lockdown, and more anxiety and depressive symptoms than not having previous dual diagnosis. <b>Conclusions:</b> Both new psychiatric symptoms and general worsening of existing symptoms were frequent during the lockdown. Differences based on the gender, age, and dual diagnosis of outpatients treated for substance use disorders should be considered in the planning of protection measures such as home confinement.</p>","PeriodicalId":46571,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dual Diagnosis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40319904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2022.2055250
Solvej Mårtensson, K. Johansen, J. Krarup, Signe W During
Abstract Objective Evidence from real-world integrated dual diagnosis treatment programs is limited. In 2017 we decided to establish the REDD-PAC cohort with the aim to provide more in-depth information regarding the effect of integrated treatment. Methods The REDD-PAC cohort includes more than 2,500 patients with dual diagnosis that have been treated at an in-patient department specializing in the integrated treatment of both psychiatric illness and substance use disorder in Denmark in the period from 2002 to 2017. The collected data included information on diagnosis as well as patient-completed questionnaires regarding anxiety, depression, self-worth, and use of substances. Data regarding medications prescribed and administered, weight, height, and blood pressure were also included. Results The primary diagnosis was psychosis spectrum disorder (37.0%), followed by affective disorders (18.8%). More than two-thirds of the patients were male, and most patients had a weak connection to the labor market and basic schooling. Patients were generally very motivated for treatment. Conclusions Further linking the data to Danish national register data makes it possible to follow individual trajectories pre- and post-admission as well as to access complete follow-up data regarding long-term outcomes, e.g., use of health services, mortality, morbidity, crime, and social circumstances. This article describes both the overarching aims of the REDD-PAC cohort and the basic diagnostic and sociodemographic characteristics of the cohort.
{"title":"REDD-PAC Cohort Description: Researching Dual Diagnosis – Prognosis and Characteristics","authors":"Solvej Mårtensson, K. Johansen, J. Krarup, Signe W During","doi":"10.1080/15504263.2022.2055250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2022.2055250","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective Evidence from real-world integrated dual diagnosis treatment programs is limited. In 2017 we decided to establish the REDD-PAC cohort with the aim to provide more in-depth information regarding the effect of integrated treatment. Methods The REDD-PAC cohort includes more than 2,500 patients with dual diagnosis that have been treated at an in-patient department specializing in the integrated treatment of both psychiatric illness and substance use disorder in Denmark in the period from 2002 to 2017. The collected data included information on diagnosis as well as patient-completed questionnaires regarding anxiety, depression, self-worth, and use of substances. Data regarding medications prescribed and administered, weight, height, and blood pressure were also included. Results The primary diagnosis was psychosis spectrum disorder (37.0%), followed by affective disorders (18.8%). More than two-thirds of the patients were male, and most patients had a weak connection to the labor market and basic schooling. Patients were generally very motivated for treatment. Conclusions Further linking the data to Danish national register data makes it possible to follow individual trajectories pre- and post-admission as well as to access complete follow-up data regarding long-term outcomes, e.g., use of health services, mortality, morbidity, crime, and social circumstances. This article describes both the overarching aims of the REDD-PAC cohort and the basic diagnostic and sociodemographic characteristics of the cohort.","PeriodicalId":46571,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dual Diagnosis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81982877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2022.2022299
{"title":"Reviewers for Journal of Dual Diagnosis","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/15504263.2022.2022299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2022.2022299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46571,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dual Diagnosis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79840529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-01-05DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2021.2013697
Bruno Romeo, Valentine Lestra, Catherine Martelli, Amine Benyamina, Nora Hamdani
Objective A dysbalance of the immune system in schizophrenia has been largely described but few studies have investigated the impact of cannabis use on inflammatory markers in patients with schizophrenia. The objective of our study was to investigate the impact of cannabis use on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen levels and leucocytic formula in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Thirty-eight acutely ill inpatients with schizophrenia were included. Patient hsCRP, fibrinogen levels, leukocytic formula and urinary cannabis were measured at baseline and after four weeks of treatment. Results: After four weeks of cannabis cessation (as confirmed by urinary tests), we found an increase of hsCRP level (p = .016) and lymphocytes (p = .03) in consumers patients whereas no difference was observed in non-consumers patients. As compared to non-consumers patients with schizophrenia, consumers had lower levels of hsCRP (p = .045). Finally, a negative correlation was found between the PANSS score evolution (between baseline and 4 weeks) and baseline hsCRP level. Conclusions: In our study, cannabis cessation raises inflammatory markers though improving clinical symptoms. The investigation and the understanding of interactions between cannabis use and inflammatory markers in patients with schizophrenia is of importance and could in the future be a new target for treatment of psychiatric symptoms linked to inflammation.
{"title":"Cannabis Cessation, Inflammatory Markers and Schizophrenia.","authors":"Bruno Romeo, Valentine Lestra, Catherine Martelli, Amine Benyamina, Nora Hamdani","doi":"10.1080/15504263.2021.2013697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2021.2013697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b> A dysbalance of the immune system in schizophrenia has been largely described but few studies have investigated the impact of cannabis use on inflammatory markers in patients with schizophrenia. The objective of our study was to investigate the impact of cannabis use on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen levels and leucocytic formula in patients with schizophrenia. <b>Methods:</b> Thirty-eight acutely ill inpatients with schizophrenia were included. Patient hsCRP, fibrinogen levels, leukocytic formula and urinary cannabis were measured at baseline and after four weeks of treatment. <b>Results:</b> After four weeks of cannabis cessation (as confirmed by urinary tests), we found an increase of hsCRP level (<i>p</i> = .016) and lymphocytes (<i>p</i> = .03) in consumers patients whereas no difference was observed in non-consumers patients. As compared to non-consumers patients with schizophrenia, consumers had lower levels of hsCRP (<i>p</i> = .045). Finally, a negative correlation was found between the PANSS score evolution (between baseline and 4 weeks) and baseline hsCRP level. <b>Conclusions:</b> In our study, cannabis cessation raises inflammatory markers though improving clinical symptoms. The investigation and the understanding of interactions between cannabis use and inflammatory markers in patients with schizophrenia is of importance and could in the future be a new target for treatment of psychiatric symptoms linked to inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46571,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dual Diagnosis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39787998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2021.2016343
Lauren M Berny, Emily E Tanner-Smith
Objective: Dually diagnosed adolescents are a high-risk population for experiencing suicidal thoughts and behavior. Given that research suggests risk factors for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts may be different, this study examined whether internalizing disorder severity, frequency of substance use, and the interaction between them differentiated adolescents who attempted suicide from those who ideated. Methods: Baseline data from 287 adolescents who received formal substance use disorder (SUD) treatment were used in this analysis. Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) severity as well as past-3 month use of alcohol, cannabis, and other illicit drugs were considered. The outcome of interest was a three-category measure of suicide risk: no reported suicidal ideation or attempts, suicidal ideation only, and suicide attempts. Results: Over half of the sample disclosed prior suicidal ideation (30.0%) or attempts (27.9%). Multinomial logistic regression models indicated more severe MDD and GAD symptomology differentiated ideators from non-suicidal adolescents, but internalizing disorder severity did not differ between ideators and attempters. Substance use frequency did not differ between suicide risk groups. MDD severity and frequency of alcohol use interacted to increase the risk of attempts, yet the effects were minimal. Instead, prior weapon violence victimization and sexual abuse were the largest differentiators between attempters and ideators. Conclusions: Findings suggest that internalizing disorder severity and prior traumatic experiences put adolescents with SUD histories at higher risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Thus, integrating evidence-based suicide prevention and intervention efforts into SUD treatment is critical, particularly for dually diagnosed adolescents who meet these risk profiles. Psychotherapy and medication may help curtail the development of ideation by reducing symptoms of MDD and GAD, whereas adolescents with prior traumatic experiences may benefit from additional treatments shown to lower risk of suicide attempts.
{"title":"Differential Predictors of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts: Internalizing Disorders and Substance Use in a Clinical Sample of Adolescents.","authors":"Lauren M Berny, Emily E Tanner-Smith","doi":"10.1080/15504263.2021.2016343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2021.2016343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Dually diagnosed adolescents are a high-risk population for experiencing suicidal thoughts and behavior. Given that research suggests risk factors for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts may be different, this study examined whether internalizing disorder severity, frequency of substance use, and the interaction between them differentiated adolescents who attempted suicide from those who ideated. <b>Methods:</b> Baseline data from 287 adolescents who received formal substance use disorder (SUD) treatment were used in this analysis. Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) severity as well as past-3 month use of alcohol, cannabis, and other illicit drugs were considered. The outcome of interest was a three-category measure of suicide risk: no reported suicidal ideation or attempts, suicidal ideation only, and suicide attempts. <b>Results:</b> Over half of the sample disclosed prior suicidal ideation (30.0%) or attempts (27.9%). Multinomial logistic regression models indicated more severe MDD and GAD symptomology differentiated ideators from non-suicidal adolescents, but internalizing disorder severity did not differ between ideators and attempters. Substance use frequency did not differ between suicide risk groups. MDD severity and frequency of alcohol use interacted to increase the risk of attempts, yet the effects were minimal. Instead, prior weapon violence victimization and sexual abuse were the largest differentiators between attempters and ideators. <b>Conclusions:</b> Findings suggest that internalizing disorder severity and prior traumatic experiences put adolescents with SUD histories at higher risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Thus, integrating evidence-based suicide prevention and intervention efforts into SUD treatment is critical, particularly for dually diagnosed adolescents who meet these risk profiles. Psychotherapy and medication may help curtail the development of ideation by reducing symptoms of MDD and GAD, whereas adolescents with prior traumatic experiences may benefit from additional treatments shown to lower risk of suicide attempts.</p>","PeriodicalId":46571,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dual Diagnosis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8960344/pdf/nihms-1770857.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10484159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2021.2016342
Su Ying Yeoh, Emmert Roberts, Fraser Scott, Timothy R Nicholson, Anthony S David, Jonathan P Rogers
Objective: Substance use has increasingly been linked to the onset of catatonic episodes; however, no large observational studies have examined this association. This study aimed to identify catatonic episodes temporally associated with acute intoxication, withdrawal or chronic substance use, investigate which substances were involved, and compare clinical characteristics of substance-related and non-substance-related catatonic episodes. Methods: This study retrospectively identified all catatonic episodes recorded in an electronic case register hosted at a large secondary mental health trust in London, UK. Episodes were categorized as substance-related if the clinical record reported either a positive urine drug screen, an ICD-10 diagnosis of a mental or behavioral disorder due to substance use, or documented substance use between two weeks prior to the catatonic episode and the date of the catatonic episode. Results: 108 of 2130 catatonic episodes (5.1%) were deemed substance-related. The number of contemporaneously reported substance-related episodes increased between 2007 and 2016 [r = 0.72, p = 0.02]. Episodes in the context of acute intoxication (n = 54) were most frequently related to cannabis (n = 31) or cocaine (n = 5) use, whilst those in the context of drug withdrawal (n = 8) were most commonly related to alcohol, opioids and benzodiazepines. There were 50 episodes of catatonia associated with chronic substance use without intoxication or withdrawal, of which the majority were related to cannabis use (n = 37). 21 episodes had overlapping intoxication, withdrawal and chronic use of different substances within an episode. Compared to catatonic episodes not related to substance use, episodes of substance-related catatonia occurred in individuals who were younger (mean age 31.3 years [SD 12.2] vs 35.7 years [SD 16.3], p = 0.01) and more likely to be men (74.0% vs 54.3%, p < 0.001). The clinical features of catatonia were similar between the two groups. Conclusions: A relatively small proportion of catatonic episodes were temporally associated with reported substance use within their electronic records. Substance-related catatonic episodes were mostly related to cannabis use, but other substances including cocaine, alcohol, opioids and benzodiazepines were sometimes implicated. This is likely an underestimate of substance-related catatonia use due to issues with documentation and appropriate investigation.
目的:药物使用与紧张性发作的关系越来越密切;然而,没有大型观察性研究检验过这种关联。本研究旨在确定与急性中毒、戒断或慢性物质使用有关的紧张性发作,调查涉及哪些物质,并比较物质相关和非物质相关紧张性发作的临床特征。方法:本研究回顾性地确定了英国伦敦一家大型二级精神卫生信托机构的电子病例登记册中记录的所有紧张性发作。如果临床记录报告尿液药物筛查阳性,ICD-10诊断为药物使用导致的精神或行为障碍,或在紧张性发作前两周至紧张性发作日期之间记录的药物使用,则将发作归类为物质相关。结果:2130例紧张性发作中有108例(5.1%)被认为与药物有关。2007年至2016年间,同期报告的药物相关事件数量有所增加[r = 0.72, p = 0.02]。急性中毒(n = 54)的发作最常与大麻(n = 31)或可卡因(n = 5)的使用有关,而戒断药物(n = 8)的发作最常与酒精、类阿片和苯二氮卓类药物有关。有50次紧张症发作与慢性物质使用有关,没有中毒或戒断,其中大多数与大麻使用有关(n = 37)。21次发作有重叠的中毒,戒断和长期使用不同的物质在一个发作。与与药物使用无关的紧张症发作相比,药物相关紧张症发作发生在年龄较小的个体中(平均年龄31.3岁[SD 12.2] vs 35.7岁[SD 16.3], p = 0.01),男性发生率更高(74.0% vs 54.3%, p)。结论:相对较小比例的紧张症发作在时间上与电子记录中报告的药物使用相关。与物质有关的紧张性发作大多与使用大麻有关,但可卡因、酒精、阿片类药物和苯二氮卓类药物等其他物质有时也有牵连。由于文件和适当调查的问题,这可能低估了与物质相关的紧张症的使用。
{"title":"Catatonic Episodes Related to Substance Use: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Electronic Healthcare Records.","authors":"Su Ying Yeoh, Emmert Roberts, Fraser Scott, Timothy R Nicholson, Anthony S David, Jonathan P Rogers","doi":"10.1080/15504263.2021.2016342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2021.2016342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Substance use has increasingly been linked to the onset of catatonic episodes; however, no large observational studies have examined this association. This study aimed to identify catatonic episodes temporally associated with acute intoxication, withdrawal or chronic substance use, investigate which substances were involved, and compare clinical characteristics of substance-related and non-substance-related catatonic episodes. <b>Methods:</b> This study retrospectively identified all catatonic episodes recorded in an electronic case register hosted at a large secondary mental health trust in London, UK. Episodes were categorized as substance-related if the clinical record reported either a positive urine drug screen, an ICD-10 diagnosis of a mental or behavioral disorder due to substance use, or documented substance use between two weeks prior to the catatonic episode and the date of the catatonic episode. <b>Results:</b> 108 of 2130 catatonic episodes (5.1%) were deemed substance-related. The number of contemporaneously reported substance-related episodes increased between 2007 and 2016 [<i>r</i> = 0.72, <i>p</i> = 0.02]. Episodes in the context of acute intoxication (<i>n</i> = 54) were most frequently related to cannabis (<i>n</i> = 31) or cocaine (<i>n</i> = 5) use, whilst those in the context of drug withdrawal (<i>n</i> = 8) were most commonly related to alcohol, opioids and benzodiazepines. There were 50 episodes of catatonia associated with chronic substance use without intoxication or withdrawal, of which the majority were related to cannabis use (<i>n</i> = 37). 21 episodes had overlapping intoxication, withdrawal and chronic use of different substances within an episode. Compared to catatonic episodes not related to substance use, episodes of substance-related catatonia occurred in individuals who were younger (mean age 31.3 years [SD 12.2] vs 35.7 years [SD 16.3], <i>p</i> = 0.01) and more likely to be men (74.0% vs 54.3%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The clinical features of catatonia were similar between the two groups. <b>Conclusions:</b> A relatively small proportion of catatonic episodes were temporally associated with reported substance use within their electronic records. Substance-related catatonic episodes were mostly related to cannabis use, but other substances including cocaine, alcohol, opioids and benzodiazepines were sometimes implicated. This is likely an underestimate of substance-related catatonia use due to issues with documentation and appropriate investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46571,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dual Diagnosis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9106613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2021.2016027
MacKenzie R Peltier, Walter Roberts, Terril L Verplaetse, Yasmin Zakiniaeiz, Catherine Burke, Kelly E Moore, Sherry A McKee
Objectives: Concurrent substance use disorder (SUD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occur at high rates and are typically associated with poor treatment outcomes in both sexes. However, women have a propensity to cope with increased negative affect via substance use in comparison to men; thus, it is important to elucidate the sex-specific bidirectional relationships between SUD and PTSD to improve our understanding of concurrent SUD/PTSD in men and women. Methods: Using data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC-Wave 3; n = 36,309), the present study evaluated the impact of sex on the relationship between past-year SUDs (new, remitted, ongoing), including alcohol and drug use, and retrospective transitions in new vs. absent and ongoing vs. remitted diagnoses of PTSD. Additionally, the impact of sex was explored in models examining past year PTSD (new, remitted, ongoing) and retrospective transitions in new vs. absent and ongoing vs. remitted diagnosis of SUDs. Diagnostic transitions were based on retrospective reporting. Results: Results indicated that new, remitted, and ongoing SUDs increase the likelihood of new PTSD diagnoses (OR range = 2.53-8.11; p < 0.05). Among individuals with ongoing drug use disorders (DUD), there were greater odds of ongoing PTSD (OR = 2.10, p < 0.01). When examining the relationship reciprocally, new, remitted, and ongoing PTSD increased the likelihood of new SUDs (OR range = 2.50-8.22; p < 0.05), and ongoing PTSD increased the likelihood of ongoing SUD and DUD (OR = 1.40, 1.70, respectively; p < 0.05). Sex-specific analyses revealed that the relationship between PTSD and SUDs varies between sexes, particularly among women. For instance, women with new PTSD had higher odds of SUDs, and women with ongoing PTSD were almost 2.5 times more likely to have an ongoing DUD. Women with a new PTSD diagnosis were more likely to be diagnosed with a new SUD (OR = 3.27) and an ongoing DUD (OR = 3.08). Conclusions: Results indicate a bidirectional relationship between PTSD and SUD that is in many instances larger in women. Thus, illustrating potential sex-specific differences in underlying mechanisms implicated in SUD/PTSD, warranting additional research.
目的:并发性物质使用障碍(SUD)和创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)在两性中发生率高,且通常与较差的治疗效果相关。然而,与男性相比,女性更倾向于通过药物使用来应对增加的负面影响;因此,阐明SUD与PTSD之间的性别特异性双向关系,以提高我们对男性和女性并发SUD/PTSD的理解是很重要的。方法:使用全国酒精及相关疾病流行病学调查(NESARC-Wave 3;n = 36,309),本研究评估了性别对过去一年的SUDs(新发、缓解、持续)(包括酒精和药物使用)之间关系的影响,以及新发、未发、持续和缓解的PTSD诊断的回顾性转变。此外,性别的影响在过去一年的PTSD(新的,缓解的,持续的)模型中进行了探讨,并在新的vs.缺席的,持续的vs.缓解的sud诊断中进行了回顾性转变。诊断转换基于回顾性报告。结果:结果表明,新的、缓解的和持续的sud增加了新的PTSD诊断的可能性(OR范围= 2.53-8.11;p OR = 2.10, p OR区间= 2.50-8.22;p OR分别= 1.40、1.70;p OR = 3.27)和持续DUD (OR = 3.08)。结论:结果表明PTSD和SUD之间存在双向关系,在许多情况下在女性中更为明显。因此,说明了SUD/PTSD潜在机制的潜在性别差异,需要进一步的研究。
{"title":"Sex Differences across Retrospective Transitions in Posttraumatic Stress and Substance Use Disorders.","authors":"MacKenzie R Peltier, Walter Roberts, Terril L Verplaetse, Yasmin Zakiniaeiz, Catherine Burke, Kelly E Moore, Sherry A McKee","doi":"10.1080/15504263.2021.2016027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2021.2016027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Concurrent substance use disorder (SUD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occur at high rates and are typically associated with poor treatment outcomes in both sexes. However, women have a propensity to cope with increased negative affect via substance use in comparison to men; thus, it is important to elucidate the sex-specific bidirectional relationships between SUD and PTSD to improve our understanding of concurrent SUD/PTSD in men and women. <b>Methods:</b> Using data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC-Wave 3; <i>n</i> = 36,309), the present study evaluated the impact of sex on the relationship between past-year SUDs (new, remitted, ongoing), including alcohol and drug use, and retrospective transitions in new <i>vs.</i> absent and ongoing <i>vs.</i> remitted diagnoses of PTSD. Additionally, the impact of sex was explored in models examining past year PTSD (new, remitted, ongoing) and retrospective transitions in new <i>vs.</i> absent and ongoing <i>vs.</i> remitted diagnosis of SUDs. Diagnostic transitions were based on retrospective reporting. <b>Results:</b> Results indicated that new, remitted, and ongoing SUDs increase the likelihood of new PTSD diagnoses (<i>OR</i> range = 2.53-8.11; <i>p</i> < 0.05). Among individuals with ongoing drug use disorders (DUD), there were greater odds of ongoing PTSD (<i>OR</i> = 2.10, <i>p</i> < 0.01). When examining the relationship reciprocally, new, remitted, and ongoing PTSD increased the likelihood of new SUDs (<i>OR</i> range = 2.50-8.22; <i>p</i> < 0.05), and ongoing PTSD increased the likelihood of ongoing SUD and DUD (<i>OR</i> = 1.40, 1.70, respectively; <i>p</i> < 0.05). Sex-specific analyses revealed that the relationship between PTSD and SUDs varies between sexes, particularly among women. For instance, women with new PTSD had higher odds of SUDs, and women with ongoing PTSD were almost 2.5 times more likely to have an ongoing DUD. Women with a new PTSD diagnosis were more likely to be diagnosed with a new SUD (<i>OR</i> = 3.27) and an ongoing DUD (<i>OR</i> = 3.08). <b>Conclusions:</b> Results indicate a bidirectional relationship between PTSD and SUD that is in many instances larger in women. Thus, illustrating potential sex-specific differences in underlying mechanisms implicated in SUD/PTSD, warranting additional research.</p>","PeriodicalId":46571,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dual Diagnosis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9086923/pdf/nihms-1798509.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10457320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-01-04DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2021.2016341
Samia Tasmim, Bernard Le Foll, Ahmed N Hassan
Objective: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common risk factor for opioid use disorder (OUD). However, not all individuals with PTSD develop OUD when exposed to opioids. As the underlying moderators remain unexplored, this analysis aimed to determine if non-traumatic adverse experiences and stressors prior to the age of 18 moderate the relationship between PTSD and OUD. Methods: In a matched dataset (n = 830) of individuals with or without PTSD who reported lifetime use of opioids, the following non-traumatic adverse experiences and stressors were assessed: emotional abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect, parents' adverse experiences, and number of days jailed before the age of 18. Using the PROCESS macro in SAS for each factor, the conditional effects were estimated through simple slopes. Moderation was inferred through significant interaction effects. Results: The matched data were similar on age, gender, ethnicity, education, being born in the US, living with, or losing biological parents before age 18, and family history of depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder. Significantly more individuals in the preexisting PTSD group had preexisting psychiatric disorders, and preexisting substance use and schizotypal personality disorder. Childhood emotional abuse and neglect and physical neglect (effect: 0.03; 95%CI: 0.001-0.056; p = .039), and more than one event of adversity experienced by parents (effect: 0.34; 95%CI: 0.07-0.61; p = .013) significantly interacted with PTSD to lead to OUD. Conclusion: The conditional effect of PTSD on the development of OUD after exposure to opioids was dependent on the frequency and severity of childhood non-traumatic adverse experiences. To identify individuals with PTSD who are at a high risk of developing OUD, programs may focus on non-traumatic adverse childhood experiences that are not commonly explored. Future steps may include focusing on educational schemes to mitigate this higher risk of developing OUD in at-risk individuals, for example, by discussing the risks when prescribing opioids.
{"title":"Moderators for the Relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Opioid Use Disorder.","authors":"Samia Tasmim, Bernard Le Foll, Ahmed N Hassan","doi":"10.1080/15504263.2021.2016341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2021.2016341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common risk factor for opioid use disorder (OUD). However, not all individuals with PTSD develop OUD when exposed to opioids. As the underlying moderators remain unexplored, this analysis aimed to determine if non-traumatic adverse experiences and stressors prior to the age of 18 moderate the relationship between PTSD and OUD. <b>Methods:</b> In a matched dataset (<i>n</i> = 830) of individuals with or without PTSD who reported lifetime use of opioids, the following non-traumatic adverse experiences and stressors were assessed: emotional abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect, parents' adverse experiences, and number of days jailed before the age of 18. Using the PROCESS macro in SAS for each factor, the conditional effects were estimated through simple slopes. Moderation was inferred through significant interaction effects. <b>Results:</b> The matched data were similar on age, gender, ethnicity, education, being born in the US, living with, or losing biological parents before age 18, and family history of depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder. Significantly more individuals in the preexisting PTSD group had preexisting psychiatric disorders, and preexisting substance use and schizotypal personality disorder. Childhood emotional abuse and neglect and physical neglect (effect: 0.03; 95%CI: 0.001-0.056; <i>p</i> = .039), and more than one event of adversity experienced by parents (effect: 0.34; 95%CI: 0.07-0.61; <i>p</i> = .013) significantly interacted with PTSD to lead to OUD. <b>Conclusion:</b> The conditional effect of PTSD on the development of OUD after exposure to opioids was dependent on the frequency and severity of childhood non-traumatic adverse experiences. To identify individuals with PTSD who are at a high risk of developing OUD, programs may focus on non-traumatic adverse childhood experiences that are not commonly explored. Future steps may include focusing on educational schemes to mitigate this higher risk of developing OUD in at-risk individuals, for example, by discussing the risks when prescribing opioids.</p>","PeriodicalId":46571,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dual Diagnosis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39660849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2021-12-31DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2021.2017221
Miranda E Reyes, Joseph S Rossi, Emmanuel D Thomas, Silvi C Goldstein, Nicole H Weiss
Objective: Black emerging adults are significantly impacted by substance misuse. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with heightened substance misuse among Black emerging adults. However, limited research has identified protective factors that may influence the strength of the relation between PTSD and substance misuse in this population. Addressing this important limitation, the present study examined the potential moderating role of perceived social support in the association between PTSD symptoms and substance (i.e., alcohol and drug) misuse. Methods: Participants were 182 trauma-exposed Black emerging adults (M age = 20.50; 71.3% women) who completed self-report measures assessing PTSD symptoms, alcohol and drug misuse, and perceived social support. Results: PTSD symptoms were significantly and positively correlated with both alcohol and drug misuse. Moderation analyses indicated that positive relations between PTSD symptoms and both alcohol and drug misuse were only significant among Black emerging adults with lower (but not higher) levels of perceived social support. Conclusions: These findings suggest the potential utility of addressing social support in the assessment and treatment of substance misuse in trauma-exposed Black emerging adults.
{"title":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Misuse Among Black Emerging Adults: The Influence of Social Support.","authors":"Miranda E Reyes, Joseph S Rossi, Emmanuel D Thomas, Silvi C Goldstein, Nicole H Weiss","doi":"10.1080/15504263.2021.2017221","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15504263.2021.2017221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Black emerging adults are significantly impacted by substance misuse. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with heightened substance misuse among Black emerging adults. However, limited research has identified protective factors that may influence the strength of the relation between PTSD and substance misuse in this population. Addressing this important limitation, the present study examined the potential moderating role of perceived social support in the association between PTSD symptoms and substance (i.e., alcohol and drug) misuse. <b>Methods:</b> Participants were 182 trauma-exposed Black emerging adults (<i>M</i> age = 20.50; 71.3% women) who completed self-report measures assessing PTSD symptoms, alcohol and drug misuse, and perceived social support. <b>Results:</b> PTSD symptoms were significantly and positively correlated with both alcohol and drug misuse. Moderation analyses indicated that positive relations between PTSD symptoms and both alcohol and drug misuse were only significant among Black emerging adults with lower (but not higher) levels of perceived social support. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest the potential utility of addressing social support in the assessment and treatment of substance misuse in trauma-exposed Black emerging adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":46571,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dual Diagnosis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9128832/pdf/nihms-1804490.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10806605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}