Pub Date : 2023-08-27DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2248703
Paula Bartley
ABSTRACT This article is based on a talk I gave at the London School of Economics in March 2023. The talk was structured in a way to give me the freedom to reflect upon some of the key themes in my book Women’s Activism in Twentith Century Britain; making a difference across the political spectrum. I wrote the book during the pandemic. Archives were closed and even when they opened I could not use them as I had to shield because of health issues. Consequently, the material I relied on was what I could access on-line and on people who I could interview on Zoom. My book drew on my own experiences as an activist and my own theoretical development as a feminist. History and activism intertwined: my story as a former activist and my view that feminist historical scholarship is itself a type of activism came together to give direction and meaning both to my research and to my writing. In my talk, and in this Viewpoint, I want to show the heterogeneous nature of activism, of how individuals and groups from a range of different class and racial background sought to make a difference to their locality, their country and sometimes the world. I argue that women are not a homogenous group but are united—and divided—by class, ethnicity, gender and so on. For instance, not all female activists campaigned for progressive measures, indeed many promoted reactionary agendas.
{"title":"Reflections on women’s activism in twentieth-century Britain","authors":"Paula Bartley","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2248703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2248703","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article is based on a talk I gave at the London School of Economics in March 2023. The talk was structured in a way to give me the freedom to reflect upon some of the key themes in my book Women’s Activism in Twentith Century Britain; making a difference across the political spectrum. I wrote the book during the pandemic. Archives were closed and even when they opened I could not use them as I had to shield because of health issues. Consequently, the material I relied on was what I could access on-line and on people who I could interview on Zoom. My book drew on my own experiences as an activist and my own theoretical development as a feminist. History and activism intertwined: my story as a former activist and my view that feminist historical scholarship is itself a type of activism came together to give direction and meaning both to my research and to my writing. In my talk, and in this Viewpoint, I want to show the heterogeneous nature of activism, of how individuals and groups from a range of different class and racial background sought to make a difference to their locality, their country and sometimes the world. I argue that women are not a homogenous group but are united—and divided—by class, ethnicity, gender and so on. For instance, not all female activists campaigned for progressive measures, indeed many promoted reactionary agendas.","PeriodicalId":46582,"journal":{"name":"WOMENS HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"32 1","pages":"901 - 916"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46438982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-23DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2248574
{"title":"The Patriarchs: The Origins of Inequality","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2248574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2248574","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46582,"journal":{"name":"WOMENS HISTORY REVIEW","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42027932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2245661
Charlotte James Robertson
Black Feminist theorist bell hooks has written of the way in which Black women construct ‘ homeplaces ’ as ‘ spaces of care and nurturance in the face of the brutal harsh reality of racist oppression. ’ But what happens when the home is not a place of safety for Black women? Beginning in the late 1970s, groups of Black women in Britain began to establish women ’ s refuges designed to meet the needs of Black and Asian women who were experiencing domestic abuse. In so doing, they were providing an alternative homeplace where women could be safe, not only from abusive partners, but also from racism they sometimes experienced in mainstream women ’ s refuges. This paper argues that specialist refuges were important spaces where Black women could heal from abuse, foster community, and fi nd their political voices.
{"title":"The women’s refuge as ‘homeplace’: Black and Asian women’s refuges in Britain as spaces of community and resistance (1980–2000)","authors":"Charlotte James Robertson","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2245661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2245661","url":null,"abstract":"Black Feminist theorist bell hooks has written of the way in which Black women construct ‘ homeplaces ’ as ‘ spaces of care and nurturance in the face of the brutal harsh reality of racist oppression. ’ But what happens when the home is not a place of safety for Black women? Beginning in the late 1970s, groups of Black women in Britain began to establish women ’ s refuges designed to meet the needs of Black and Asian women who were experiencing domestic abuse. In so doing, they were providing an alternative homeplace where women could be safe, not only from abusive partners, but also from racism they sometimes experienced in mainstream women ’ s refuges. This paper argues that specialist refuges were important spaces where Black women could heal from abuse, foster community, and fi nd their political voices.","PeriodicalId":46582,"journal":{"name":"WOMENS HISTORY REVIEW","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48960081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2248575
Maureen Wright
{"title":"Mrs Pankhurst’s bodyguard: on the trail of ‘Kitty’ Marshall and the met police ‘Cats’","authors":"Maureen Wright","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2248575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2248575","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46582,"journal":{"name":"WOMENS HISTORY REVIEW","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48931894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2242640
Hugh Pattenden
{"title":"The representation of women in ZANU and ZAPU propaganda during the Zimbabwe War of Liberation","authors":"Hugh Pattenden","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2242640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2242640","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46582,"journal":{"name":"WOMENS HISTORY REVIEW","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49187009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2241936
Shan Zhou
{"title":"The hidden half: the double lives of Chinese migrant women in post-war Britain","authors":"Shan Zhou","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2241936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2241936","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46582,"journal":{"name":"WOMENS HISTORY REVIEW","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49096933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2240561
Lucy C. Barnhouse
{"title":"Contentious catalysts: beguines, place, and identity in late medieval Mainz","authors":"Lucy C. Barnhouse","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2240561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2240561","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46582,"journal":{"name":"WOMENS HISTORY REVIEW","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46819716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2240525
S. Fox
as her interviewees’. The power of these conversations, or ‘critical dialogues’ as Littler puts it, is rooted in this orality. One drawback, however, is Littler’s neglect to include any in-depth explanation of oral history method and theory. More insight may have also been achieved through a life story method or placing the interviews in dialogue with her own critical analysis, perhaps providing more background on some of the lesser-known interviewees. However, this would go beyond the scope of the book and what the interviews were intended for: as an accessible resource for readers to ‘read, reflect and draw their own conclusions’. Left Feminisms is an ideal starting point for any reader looking to explore different strands of socialist-feminist theory and practice, past and present, as well as the lived experience of these. It is by no means a comprehensive study of left feminisms, which Littler admits, but it succeeds as a resource for encouraging readers to think through the ‘developments and difficulties, promise and potential of feminism and left politics’. Although slightly geared towards the already converted, the text’s engaging and accessible format will ensure it is used as a springboard for further research and activism by a wide readership.
{"title":"Illegitimacy: family & stigma in England, 1660–1834","authors":"S. Fox","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2240525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2240525","url":null,"abstract":"as her interviewees’. The power of these conversations, or ‘critical dialogues’ as Littler puts it, is rooted in this orality. One drawback, however, is Littler’s neglect to include any in-depth explanation of oral history method and theory. More insight may have also been achieved through a life story method or placing the interviews in dialogue with her own critical analysis, perhaps providing more background on some of the lesser-known interviewees. However, this would go beyond the scope of the book and what the interviews were intended for: as an accessible resource for readers to ‘read, reflect and draw their own conclusions’. Left Feminisms is an ideal starting point for any reader looking to explore different strands of socialist-feminist theory and practice, past and present, as well as the lived experience of these. It is by no means a comprehensive study of left feminisms, which Littler admits, but it succeeds as a resource for encouraging readers to think through the ‘developments and difficulties, promise and potential of feminism and left politics’. Although slightly geared towards the already converted, the text’s engaging and accessible format will ensure it is used as a springboard for further research and activism by a wide readership.","PeriodicalId":46582,"journal":{"name":"WOMENS HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"32 1","pages":"922 - 923"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44673835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2239656
Rachel Collett
permit the use of the contraceptive pill and deemed artificial birth control as ‘intrinsically evil’. There was a growing defiance, which Kelly covers ably, to both government and Church restrictions on contraception. The Irish Women’s Liberation Movement played a significant role in this campaign, and Family Planning clinics began to appear around the country between 1969 and 1978. New legislation was introduced, and the 1979 Family Plannning Act attempted to ensure that even non-medical contraceptives were available only to married couples. In relation to access to contraceptives one female activist observed ‘you would think they are explosives the way they are treated’ (p. 299). The Customs service sometimes turned a blind eye to the importation of contraceptives. One activist was stopped at a border checkpoint returning from the North of Ireland where he had collected forty thousand condoms then held in the boot of his car. When questioned about them he replied, ‘They are for my own personal use’ and he was told by the police to ‘Have a nice weekend’ (p. 206). For all the activism and campaigns there was also a considerable and well-organised opposition to these liberal developments. The Irish Family League, a group of Catholic campaigners, was one of the most prominent organisations to campaign against contraception. It was only in 1985 that a prescription was no longer needed to acquire condoms but even in the 1980s and 1990s, class, where you lived, the presence in a town of sympathetic doctors or chemists shaped access to contraception. By the mid-1990s contraception was fully liberalised by the law. Kelly provides us with a fascinating account of people’s private sexual lives, and reveals how complex the relationships were among married couples around contraceptive practices. It reveals how many negotiated their religious beliefs with their desires to rationalise the number of children they had. There was moral complexity among citizens of the State regarding the legislation that shaped access to contraceptives and further complexity about how individuals and couples reconciled their beliefs with the dictates of the Catholic church. Kelly has engaged in extensive research in church archives, court records and the records of campaigning organisations. The oral histories illuminate all of this research material and infuse it with humanity. This is a very fine and necessary study.
{"title":"Left Feminisms: Conversations on the personal and political","authors":"Rachel Collett","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2239656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2239656","url":null,"abstract":"permit the use of the contraceptive pill and deemed artificial birth control as ‘intrinsically evil’. There was a growing defiance, which Kelly covers ably, to both government and Church restrictions on contraception. The Irish Women’s Liberation Movement played a significant role in this campaign, and Family Planning clinics began to appear around the country between 1969 and 1978. New legislation was introduced, and the 1979 Family Plannning Act attempted to ensure that even non-medical contraceptives were available only to married couples. In relation to access to contraceptives one female activist observed ‘you would think they are explosives the way they are treated’ (p. 299). The Customs service sometimes turned a blind eye to the importation of contraceptives. One activist was stopped at a border checkpoint returning from the North of Ireland where he had collected forty thousand condoms then held in the boot of his car. When questioned about them he replied, ‘They are for my own personal use’ and he was told by the police to ‘Have a nice weekend’ (p. 206). For all the activism and campaigns there was also a considerable and well-organised opposition to these liberal developments. The Irish Family League, a group of Catholic campaigners, was one of the most prominent organisations to campaign against contraception. It was only in 1985 that a prescription was no longer needed to acquire condoms but even in the 1980s and 1990s, class, where you lived, the presence in a town of sympathetic doctors or chemists shaped access to contraception. By the mid-1990s contraception was fully liberalised by the law. Kelly provides us with a fascinating account of people’s private sexual lives, and reveals how complex the relationships were among married couples around contraceptive practices. It reveals how many negotiated their religious beliefs with their desires to rationalise the number of children they had. There was moral complexity among citizens of the State regarding the legislation that shaped access to contraceptives and further complexity about how individuals and couples reconciled their beliefs with the dictates of the Catholic church. Kelly has engaged in extensive research in church archives, court records and the records of campaigning organisations. The oral histories illuminate all of this research material and infuse it with humanity. This is a very fine and necessary study.","PeriodicalId":46582,"journal":{"name":"WOMENS HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"32 1","pages":"920 - 922"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43199559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.1080/09612025.2023.2240526
Amy Longmuir
{"title":"Women’s activism in twentieth-century Britain: making a difference across the political spectrum","authors":"Amy Longmuir","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2240526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2240526","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46582,"journal":{"name":"WOMENS HISTORY REVIEW","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47686864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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