Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.1080/02634937.2022.2154315
Zarkamol Munisov (Camille), Iris Borowy
ABSTRACT This study examines contemporary poems on the Aral Sea crisis. Labelling them Russophone, the authors argue that the Russian language holds its status of lingua franca for the poets concerned about the environmental disaster in Central Asia. In these poems, the Aral Sea has become a central metaphor for the catastrophe that transcends the original case. The depiction of the diverse environmental issues caused by expanded irrigation policies in Soviet Central Asia provides favourable conditions to study these verses primarily from an ecopoetic perspective. Though these poems address one problem, the narrative form remains diverse: some authors apply various images; others personify the Aral Sea. In these verses the desert image acquires an unorthodox interpretation, while the personification of the Aral Sea in the poems reinforces the prior ecopoetry studies. This article investigates the poems’ content, historical background and anthropogenic effects on nature that pushed their authors to write them.
{"title":"A narrative analysis: tragic images of the Aral Sea in the Russophone ecopoems","authors":"Zarkamol Munisov (Camille), Iris Borowy","doi":"10.1080/02634937.2022.2154315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2022.2154315","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines contemporary poems on the Aral Sea crisis. Labelling them Russophone, the authors argue that the Russian language holds its status of lingua franca for the poets concerned about the environmental disaster in Central Asia. In these poems, the Aral Sea has become a central metaphor for the catastrophe that transcends the original case. The depiction of the diverse environmental issues caused by expanded irrigation policies in Soviet Central Asia provides favourable conditions to study these verses primarily from an ecopoetic perspective. Though these poems address one problem, the narrative form remains diverse: some authors apply various images; others personify the Aral Sea. In these verses the desert image acquires an unorthodox interpretation, while the personification of the Aral Sea in the poems reinforces the prior ecopoetry studies. This article investigates the poems’ content, historical background and anthropogenic effects on nature that pushed their authors to write them.","PeriodicalId":46602,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Survey","volume":"42 1","pages":"238 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43176679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.1080/02634937.2022.2155110
Ali Anooshahr
ABSTRACT The Sāmānid dynasty of Transoxiana is perhaps best known today for its foundational contributions to the formation of Persianate culture in the ninth and tenth centuries. The problems of the origins of the dynasty has received scholarly attention for many years. However, the field is in some ways still very much dependent upon nineteenth-century ethno-racial categories. This paper critically traces the history of the question, ending with some alternative approaches based on the shifting of economic power in Transoxania from merchants to the agrarian magnates.
{"title":"On the problem of Sāmānid origins","authors":"Ali Anooshahr","doi":"10.1080/02634937.2022.2155110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2022.2155110","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Sāmānid dynasty of Transoxiana is perhaps best known today for its foundational contributions to the formation of Persianate culture in the ninth and tenth centuries. The problems of the origins of the dynasty has received scholarly attention for many years. However, the field is in some ways still very much dependent upon nineteenth-century ethno-racial categories. This paper critically traces the history of the question, ending with some alternative approaches based on the shifting of economic power in Transoxania from merchants to the agrarian magnates.","PeriodicalId":46602,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Survey","volume":"42 1","pages":"429 - 443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48309636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/02634937.2022.2072811
Zh. M. Khamitov, Colin Knox, G. Junusbekova
ABSTRACT Kazakhstan, seen as an example of political stability in Central Asia, recently descended into political turmoil. While the causes of the violence and unrest are the subject of ongoing analysis, their origins can be linked to systemic inequalities in a country rich in natural resources. Inter alia, Kazakhstan has failed to tackle insidious problems of corruption, particularly in public procurement contracts. Public procurement constitutes a significant amount of government spending in developing countries which makes it a high-risk area for corruption. Using primary data collected from small and medium-size enterprises organisations in Kazakhstan, this research finds that public officials and suppliers are complicit in corrupt practices. Intervention strategies, such as monitoring and control, have failed to tackle this problem. While the causes of recent political instability in Kazakhstan are multiple, corruption remains an underlying and persistent problem which will add to the fermenting discontent among the citizens of Kazakhstan.
{"title":"Corruption, public procurement and political instability in Kazakhstan","authors":"Zh. M. Khamitov, Colin Knox, G. Junusbekova","doi":"10.1080/02634937.2022.2072811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2022.2072811","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Kazakhstan, seen as an example of political stability in Central Asia, recently descended into political turmoil. While the causes of the violence and unrest are the subject of ongoing analysis, their origins can be linked to systemic inequalities in a country rich in natural resources. Inter alia, Kazakhstan has failed to tackle insidious problems of corruption, particularly in public procurement contracts. Public procurement constitutes a significant amount of government spending in developing countries which makes it a high-risk area for corruption. Using primary data collected from small and medium-size enterprises organisations in Kazakhstan, this research finds that public officials and suppliers are complicit in corrupt practices. Intervention strategies, such as monitoring and control, have failed to tackle this problem. While the causes of recent political instability in Kazakhstan are multiple, corruption remains an underlying and persistent problem which will add to the fermenting discontent among the citizens of Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":46602,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Survey","volume":"42 1","pages":"89 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48826361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2023-01-05DOI: 10.1080/02634937.2022.2147146
Saltanat Childress, Nibedita Shrestha, Kendall Anekwe, Mitchell D Wong, Rebecca N Dudovitz
The study identifies factors that limit effective institutional responses to domestic violence (DV) in Kyrgyzstan, in the context of recent legislative actions aimed at reducing DV through improvements in law enforcement, judicial processes, and provision of social services. The study uses qualitative, grounded theory methods to analyze interviews and focus groups with 83 professionals working in these sectors. Two major themes emerge from the analysis: (1) barriers to effective institutional responses from internal challenges and constraints, and (2) social resources and challenges identified as important to provide a better collective response. The study highlights the need for capacity development within institutions and broader social learning to overcome existing barriers and better align outcomes with the intentions of recent legislation. Standardized training, awareness-raising, enhanced roles for educators and religious leaders, better coordinated social service provision, rehabilitation for victims and perpetrators, and family-centered school-based interventions are identified as targets for improving responsiveness.
{"title":"Factors inhibiting institutional responses to domestic violence in Kyrgyzstan.","authors":"Saltanat Childress, Nibedita Shrestha, Kendall Anekwe, Mitchell D Wong, Rebecca N Dudovitz","doi":"10.1080/02634937.2022.2147146","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02634937.2022.2147146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study identifies factors that limit effective institutional responses to domestic violence (DV) in Kyrgyzstan, in the context of recent legislative actions aimed at reducing DV through improvements in law enforcement, judicial processes, and provision of social services. The study uses qualitative, grounded theory methods to analyze interviews and focus groups with 83 professionals working in these sectors. Two major themes emerge from the analysis: (1) barriers to effective institutional responses from internal challenges and constraints, and (2) social resources and challenges identified as important to provide a better collective response. The study highlights the need for capacity development within institutions and broader social learning to overcome existing barriers and better align outcomes with the intentions of recent legislation. Standardized training, awareness-raising, enhanced roles for educators and religious leaders, better coordinated social service provision, rehabilitation for victims and perpetrators, and family-centered school-based interventions are identified as targets for improving responsiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":46602,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Survey","volume":"42 2","pages":"254-273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10348350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9830917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.1080/02634937.2022.2144806
Abdullah Yarash Jurat
ABSTRACT This paper analyses irregular Afghan migrants in Turkey based on a qualitative field research study conducted in the cities of Ankara, Bursa, Malatya, Kayseri and Istanbul (see Note 1 on use of the term ‘Afghan’). It focuses on their migration journey, the factors driving migration and post-migration challenges. This research seeks to answer why Afghan irregular migrants are mainly male adults and how the employers in Turkey treat them. Afghan migrants in Turkey are mainly unskilled members of the labour force, typically working in construction, in supermarkets, as shepherds and in kitchens. This study argues that Afghan migration motives are mainly driven by humanitarian and economic deprivation. However, when they arrive in Turkey, migrants have no legal protection and are thrown into despair by their employers’ mistreatment.
{"title":"The tragedy of irregular migration: the case of Afghans in Turkey","authors":"Abdullah Yarash Jurat","doi":"10.1080/02634937.2022.2144806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2022.2144806","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper analyses irregular Afghan migrants in Turkey based on a qualitative field research study conducted in the cities of Ankara, Bursa, Malatya, Kayseri and Istanbul (see Note 1 on use of the term ‘Afghan’). It focuses on their migration journey, the factors driving migration and post-migration challenges. This research seeks to answer why Afghan irregular migrants are mainly male adults and how the employers in Turkey treat them. Afghan migrants in Turkey are mainly unskilled members of the labour force, typically working in construction, in supermarkets, as shepherds and in kitchens. This study argues that Afghan migration motives are mainly driven by humanitarian and economic deprivation. However, when they arrive in Turkey, migrants have no legal protection and are thrown into despair by their employers’ mistreatment.","PeriodicalId":46602,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Survey","volume":"42 1","pages":"274 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44369160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.1080/02634937.2022.2141690
D. Jonbekova, G. Kuchumova, Bridget A. Goodman, J. Sparks, S. Kerimkulova
ABSTRACT This article explores the employment experiences of government scholarship graduates from one master’s degree programme at a flagship university in Kazakhstan. Analysis of interviews with graduates of a master’s degree programme designed in response to a national policy agenda shows that graduates encountered numerous challenges transitioning from university to work despite obtaining a degree from a top Kazakhstani university. The key challenges included limited employment opportunities, hostile attitudes toward younger graduates, difficult working conditions and employers’ misunderstanding of the new master’s programmes. We argue that despite significant government financial investment in education, a weak enabling support system hinders graduates’ career advancement and results in job mismatch and underutilization of skills. We suggest that policymakers need to shift debates on human capital development and graduate employability from supply-side factors to a more comprehensive model in which graduate employment is supported through the collaboration of the higher education system, industry, policymakers and graduates themselves.
{"title":"Employment of master’s degree graduates in Kazakhstan: navigating an uncertain labour market","authors":"D. Jonbekova, G. Kuchumova, Bridget A. Goodman, J. Sparks, S. Kerimkulova","doi":"10.1080/02634937.2022.2141690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2022.2141690","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article explores the employment experiences of government scholarship graduates from one master’s degree programme at a flagship university in Kazakhstan. Analysis of interviews with graduates of a master’s degree programme designed in response to a national policy agenda shows that graduates encountered numerous challenges transitioning from university to work despite obtaining a degree from a top Kazakhstani university. The key challenges included limited employment opportunities, hostile attitudes toward younger graduates, difficult working conditions and employers’ misunderstanding of the new master’s programmes. We argue that despite significant government financial investment in education, a weak enabling support system hinders graduates’ career advancement and results in job mismatch and underutilization of skills. We suggest that policymakers need to shift debates on human capital development and graduate employability from supply-side factors to a more comprehensive model in which graduate employment is supported through the collaboration of the higher education system, industry, policymakers and graduates themselves.","PeriodicalId":46602,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Survey","volume":"42 1","pages":"402 - 420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44316651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.1080/02634937.2022.2132708
Galym Zhussipbek
{"title":"Rentier capitalism and its discontents: Power, morality and resistance in Central Asia","authors":"Galym Zhussipbek","doi":"10.1080/02634937.2022.2132708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2022.2132708","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46602,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Survey","volume":"42 1","pages":"421 - 423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46728170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.1080/02634937.2022.2134298
Vassily Klimentov
ABSTRACT Contra the often-held assumption that the Islamist danger has been at the forefront of Moscow’s security agenda since the Soviet–Afghan War, this article shows how different Russian decision-makers held different views of Islamism during the Tajik Civil War (1992–97). It argues that different relations to the Soviet past, especially to the Soviet–Afghan War, explain the differences in assessing Islamism in Tajikistan between the security agencies and political elites. Unlike the reformers in the Kremlin, the legacy Soviet security elites and diplomats in Russia and the neo-communist leaders in Central Asia recalled the Islamist danger from Soviet times. They emphasized it to the Kremlin who came to embrace their view as the Tajik Civil War progressed and tensions rose in Chechnya.
{"title":"The Tajik Civil War and Russia’s Islamist moment","authors":"Vassily Klimentov","doi":"10.1080/02634937.2022.2134298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2022.2134298","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Contra the often-held assumption that the Islamist danger has been at the forefront of Moscow’s security agenda since the Soviet–Afghan War, this article shows how different Russian decision-makers held different views of Islamism during the Tajik Civil War (1992–97). It argues that different relations to the Soviet past, especially to the Soviet–Afghan War, explain the differences in assessing Islamism in Tajikistan between the security agencies and political elites. Unlike the reformers in the Kremlin, the legacy Soviet security elites and diplomats in Russia and the neo-communist leaders in Central Asia recalled the Islamist danger from Soviet times. They emphasized it to the Kremlin who came to embrace their view as the Tajik Civil War progressed and tensions rose in Chechnya.","PeriodicalId":46602,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Survey","volume":"42 1","pages":"341 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48549744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1080/02634937.2022.2132698
Rico Isaacs
The study of informality has generally defined research on Central Asian politics since 1991. Such a trend is not without justification, formal institutions such as parliaments, constitutions and political parties are largely subservient to the whims of personal political power in Central Asia. However, the lack of focus on formal institutions does not mean parliament and parties are not important, nor a fundamental element of the mosaic of authoritarian logic in the region. Therefore, Esther Somfalvy’s monograph on parliamentary representation in Central Asia is a much welcome, insightful, and analytically detailed intervention into our understanding of formal institutions in the region.
{"title":"Parliamentary representation in Central Asia: MPs between representing their voters and serving an authoritarian regime","authors":"Rico Isaacs","doi":"10.1080/02634937.2022.2132698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2022.2132698","url":null,"abstract":"The study of informality has generally defined research on Central Asian politics since 1991. Such a trend is not without justification, formal institutions such as parliaments, constitutions and political parties are largely subservient to the whims of personal political power in Central Asia. However, the lack of focus on formal institutions does not mean parliament and parties are not important, nor a fundamental element of the mosaic of authoritarian logic in the region. Therefore, Esther Somfalvy’s monograph on parliamentary representation in Central Asia is a much welcome, insightful, and analytically detailed intervention into our understanding of formal institutions in the region.","PeriodicalId":46602,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Survey","volume":"42 1","pages":"423 - 425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46209924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-26DOI: 10.1080/02634937.2022.2131736
Gegentuul Baioud, Cholmon Khuanuud
ABSTRACT This study examines the digital propaganda campaigns carried out by the Chinese Communist Party in Inner Mongolia following Mongols’ protest against the bilingual education reform in 2020. It analyses texts and images posted on WeChat official accounts of the Inner Mongolia Daily and Inner Mongolia Education Department. Through a detailed discourse and semiotic analyses of propaganda texts we reveal that the national unity and development discourses are replete with Han-centric assimilationist ideology. In our analysis, by drawing on a Bakhtinian chronotope, we foreground how the past, present and future are turned into a unified folkloric-cum-colonial space–time. This study also elucidates how the drastic policy shift and the re-articulation of national form in China is reflected in publicly circulated words and images in Inner Mongolia.
{"title":"Yearning for a homogeneous Chinese nation: digital propaganda campaigns after the 2020 protest in Inner Mongolia","authors":"Gegentuul Baioud, Cholmon Khuanuud","doi":"10.1080/02634937.2022.2131736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2022.2131736","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the digital propaganda campaigns carried out by the Chinese Communist Party in Inner Mongolia following Mongols’ protest against the bilingual education reform in 2020. It analyses texts and images posted on WeChat official accounts of the Inner Mongolia Daily and Inner Mongolia Education Department. Through a detailed discourse and semiotic analyses of propaganda texts we reveal that the national unity and development discourses are replete with Han-centric assimilationist ideology. In our analysis, by drawing on a Bakhtinian chronotope, we foreground how the past, present and future are turned into a unified folkloric-cum-colonial space–time. This study also elucidates how the drastic policy shift and the re-articulation of national form in China is reflected in publicly circulated words and images in Inner Mongolia.","PeriodicalId":46602,"journal":{"name":"Central Asian Survey","volume":"42 1","pages":"319 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48484529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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