Pub Date : 2023-01-19DOI: 10.1080/17502977.2022.2158427
Katelyn Cassin, Benjamin Zyla
ABSTRACT The era of liberal peacebuilding has passed, ushering in a turn toward pragmatic peacekeeping. Previously [Cassin, Katelyn, and Benjamin Zyla. 2021. “The End of the Liberal World Order and the Future of UN Peace Operations: Lessons Learned.” Global Policy 12 (4): 455–467] we argued that the UN must become less directive; accept a diffusion of control; and engage in more locally-driven approaches to peace interventions in light of this changing world order. In this article we posit that such reforms are contingent on change within liberal UN member states. We offer aligned strategic and operational recommendations for nations to reform their bureaucracies, training programmes, and framing strategies, to prepare for a fifth generation of UN peacekeeping that is normatively-flexible, collaborative, adaptive and relational.
自由主义建设和平的时代已经过去，开始转向务实的维和行动。前情提要[Cassin, Katelyn, and Benjamin Zyla] 2021。“自由世界秩序的终结和联合国和平行动的未来:经验教训。”《全球政策》12(4):455-467]我们认为联合国必须减少指导性;接受控制权的分散;并根据这种不断变化的世界秩序，采取更多以地方为导向的方式进行和平干预。在本文中，我们假设这些改革取决于自由的联合国成员国内部的变化。我们为各国改革其官僚机构、培训方案和框架战略提供了一致的战略和业务建议，为第五代联合国维持和平做好准备，使其具有规范的灵活性、协作性、适应性和关系性。
{"title":"UN Reforms for an Era of Pragmatic Peacekeeping","authors":"Katelyn Cassin, Benjamin Zyla","doi":"10.1080/17502977.2022.2158427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2022.2158427","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The era of liberal peacebuilding has passed, ushering in a turn toward pragmatic peacekeeping. Previously [Cassin, Katelyn, and Benjamin Zyla. 2021. “The End of the Liberal World Order and the Future of UN Peace Operations: Lessons Learned.” Global Policy 12 (4): 455–467] we argued that the UN must become less directive; accept a diffusion of control; and engage in more locally-driven approaches to peace interventions in light of this changing world order. In this article we posit that such reforms are contingent on change within liberal UN member states. We offer aligned strategic and operational recommendations for nations to reform their bureaucracies, training programmes, and framing strategies, to prepare for a fifth generation of UN peacekeeping that is normatively-flexible, collaborative, adaptive and relational.","PeriodicalId":46629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding","volume":"17 1","pages":"294 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43969667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/17502977.2023.2184941
Pol Bargués, Maria Martin de Almagro, Katrin Travouillon
ABSTRACT This editorial is a call for radical work that deconstructs and creatively reimagines intervention and statebuilding discourses, processes, practices and tools. For over two decades, critics of liberal interventionism have advocated for the need to rethink its dominant top-down and state centric logics. We now see a new generation of scholars that mobilize feminist, marxist, queer, or decolonial theories to critically engage with the ongoing transformation of the post-liberal order. Interventions and statebuilding processes are key to these changes. As scholars and practitioners, we have an opportunity to partake in shaping emerging visions and nurture hope in complex times.
{"title":"New Visions, Critiques, and Hope in the Post-Liberal Age? A Call for Rethinking Intervention and Statebuilding","authors":"Pol Bargués, Maria Martin de Almagro, Katrin Travouillon","doi":"10.1080/17502977.2023.2184941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2023.2184941","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This editorial is a call for radical work that deconstructs and creatively reimagines intervention and statebuilding discourses, processes, practices and tools. For over two decades, critics of liberal interventionism have advocated for the need to rethink its dominant top-down and state centric logics. We now see a new generation of scholars that mobilize feminist, marxist, queer, or decolonial theories to critically engage with the ongoing transformation of the post-liberal order. Interventions and statebuilding processes are key to these changes. As scholars and practitioners, we have an opportunity to partake in shaping emerging visions and nurture hope in complex times.","PeriodicalId":46629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding","volume":"17 1","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48741372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/17502977.2022.2147318
Elliot Dolan-Evans
ABSTRACT Decentralization in Ukraine is lauded as the most successful of the country’s reforms. The devolution of power to local government has not been without controversy; however, as decentralization proceeded during the war in Donbas. This article critiques Ukrainian’s decentralization based on two promises of this reform: the weakening of oligarchic power and the empowerment of Ukrainians. Utilizing a feminist political economy framework, with relational ontological commitments, this paper argues that decentralization has, rather, empowered Ukrainian elites while marginalizing vulnerable groups during the war. To address political disempowerment and/or economic inequality, this paper concludes, decentralization must address the totality that structures social relations.
{"title":"Devolution or Decapitation? Decentralization During Conflict in Ukraine","authors":"Elliot Dolan-Evans","doi":"10.1080/17502977.2022.2147318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2022.2147318","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Decentralization in Ukraine is lauded as the most successful of the country’s reforms. The devolution of power to local government has not been without controversy; however, as decentralization proceeded during the war in Donbas. This article critiques Ukrainian’s decentralization based on two promises of this reform: the weakening of oligarchic power and the empowerment of Ukrainians. Utilizing a feminist political economy framework, with relational ontological commitments, this paper argues that decentralization has, rather, empowered Ukrainian elites while marginalizing vulnerable groups during the war. To address political disempowerment and/or economic inequality, this paper concludes, decentralization must address the totality that structures social relations.","PeriodicalId":46629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding","volume":"17 1","pages":"16 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46384490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.1080/17502977.2022.2130672
Rhiannon Neilsen
ABSTRACT How states join coalitions affects the extent to which they are perceived as blameworthy – or praiseworthy – for the outcome of that coalition. By extension, states’ moral reputations can be a contributing factor that dissuades those states from volunteering to join humanitarian interventions, despite the ethical imperative to do so. To highlight this argument, this article considers the Australian and the United Kingdom (UK) governments’ initial reluctance to join yet another United States-led intervention in Iraq to combat the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS).
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Pub Date : 2022-11-04DOI: 10.1080/17502977.2022.2126653
Isa Lima Mendes
ABSTRACT This article aims to investigate women's inclusion in peace processes through the adoption of a gender perspective. It does so by productively combining two sets of literature: on gender mainstreaming and on peace processes and social contracts. It analyses this issue in the context of Colombia's peace negotiations with FARC, delving into the discourse of various involved actors in the Havana dialogues. Ultimately, the article argues that there was a ‘political ceiling’ to what women were able to achieve in their role as contractarians.
{"title":"‘Pactantes y no pactadas’: Gender Mainstreaming and the Political Ceiling of Colombian Women's Role in the Havana Dialogues","authors":"Isa Lima Mendes","doi":"10.1080/17502977.2022.2126653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2022.2126653","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article aims to investigate women's inclusion in peace processes through the adoption of a gender perspective. It does so by productively combining two sets of literature: on gender mainstreaming and on peace processes and social contracts. It analyses this issue in the context of Colombia's peace negotiations with FARC, delving into the discourse of various involved actors in the Havana dialogues. Ultimately, the article argues that there was a ‘political ceiling’ to what women were able to achieve in their role as contractarians.","PeriodicalId":46629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding","volume":"17 1","pages":"39 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48136338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.1080/17502977.2022.2139908
Morgan Brigg, Nicole George, K. Higgins
ABSTRACT Indigenous approaches to space and place in the Southwest Pacific are crucial to governing peace. However, ‘making space’ for these approaches can only be progressed if scholars and practitioners recognize their emplacement within hegemonic systems of knowledge and the contested entanglement of Indigenous and introduced systems in peacebuilding practice. Addressing this challenge requires respectful and careful engagement with diverse peoples and colonially inflected peacebuilding practice, attending to the emplacement of peace and conflict scholarship amidst the colonial politics of knowledge, and critical reflection on the ways that peacebuilding expertize is defined, attributed and evaluated.
{"title":"Making Space for Indigenous Approaches in the Southwest Pacific? The Spatial Politics of Peace Scholarship and Practice","authors":"Morgan Brigg, Nicole George, K. Higgins","doi":"10.1080/17502977.2022.2139908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2022.2139908","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Indigenous approaches to space and place in the Southwest Pacific are crucial to governing peace. However, ‘making space’ for these approaches can only be progressed if scholars and practitioners recognize their emplacement within hegemonic systems of knowledge and the contested entanglement of Indigenous and introduced systems in peacebuilding practice. Addressing this challenge requires respectful and careful engagement with diverse peoples and colonially inflected peacebuilding practice, attending to the emplacement of peace and conflict scholarship amidst the colonial politics of knowledge, and critical reflection on the ways that peacebuilding expertize is defined, attributed and evaluated.","PeriodicalId":46629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding","volume":"16 1","pages":"545 - 562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42936654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.1080/17502977.2022.2132093
G. Bădescu
ABSTRACT This article investigates the relationship between spatial reconfigurations and peace by examining the practice I call syncretic place-making, identified in cities experiencing conflict. I suggest that this spatial practice reflects the promise of Hannah Arendt’s political vision of a world in common, materialized in the city. I discuss architectural conceptualizations such as the Cypriot 2021 Venice Biennial entry and theorize from architectural practices of resistance identified in Sarajevo, defining syncretic place-making as a process of drawing from multiple traditions to celebrate coexistence in space. The article reflects on both the potential and challenges that such place-making has for conflict cities.
{"title":"The City as a World in Common: Syncretic Place-Making as a Spatial Approach to Peace","authors":"G. Bădescu","doi":"10.1080/17502977.2022.2132093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2022.2132093","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article investigates the relationship between spatial reconfigurations and peace by examining the practice I call syncretic place-making, identified in cities experiencing conflict. I suggest that this spatial practice reflects the promise of Hannah Arendt’s political vision of a world in common, materialized in the city. I discuss architectural conceptualizations such as the Cypriot 2021 Venice Biennial entry and theorize from architectural practices of resistance identified in Sarajevo, defining syncretic place-making as a process of drawing from multiple traditions to celebrate coexistence in space. The article reflects on both the potential and challenges that such place-making has for conflict cities.","PeriodicalId":46629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding","volume":"16 1","pages":"600 - 618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43349729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.1080/17502977.2022.2124348
Johanna Mannergren Selimovic
ABSTRACT This article seeks to challenge Global North spatial imaginations of war as ‘there’ and peace as ‘here’. It proposes this spatial rethinking against a background of migration being a defining feature of our time. Based on participant observation and an action research project, the article analyses embodied, emplaced encounters with violence and care that migrants experience in the Belgian capital Brussels. These encounters can be violent, but also productive of trust. The concepts of streams of violence and streams of peace are used to theorize these dynamics, thus reconfiguring understandings of where and when war and peace take place.
{"title":"Challenging the ‘Here’ and ‘There’ of Peace and Conflict Research: Migrants’ Encounters with Streams of Violence and Streams of Peace","authors":"Johanna Mannergren Selimovic","doi":"10.1080/17502977.2022.2124348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2022.2124348","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article seeks to challenge Global North spatial imaginations of war as ‘there’ and peace as ‘here’. It proposes this spatial rethinking against a background of migration being a defining feature of our time. Based on participant observation and an action research project, the article analyses embodied, emplaced encounters with violence and care that migrants experience in the Belgian capital Brussels. These encounters can be violent, but also productive of trust. The concepts of streams of violence and streams of peace are used to theorize these dynamics, thus reconfiguring understandings of where and when war and peace take place.","PeriodicalId":46629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding","volume":"16 1","pages":"584 - 599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42797190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.1080/17502977.2022.2156111
C. Bell, L. Wise
ABSTRACT This article examines when, how and why local agreements are used to end violent conflict, drawing on a new global dataset of local agreements. It provides a typology of security functions that local agreements deliver at different stages of the conflict-to-peace cycle, and the types of space they address and create. It examines the relationship of local agreements to national peacemaking processes, arguing that they reveal the nested nature of local, national, transnational, and international conflict in protracted conflict settings. This reality points to the need for a new political imaginary for peace processes design. The conclusion sketches its contours.
{"title":"The Spaces of Local Agreements: Towards a New Imaginary of the Peace Process","authors":"C. Bell, L. Wise","doi":"10.1080/17502977.2022.2156111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2022.2156111","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines when, how and why local agreements are used to end violent conflict, drawing on a new global dataset of local agreements. It provides a typology of security functions that local agreements deliver at different stages of the conflict-to-peace cycle, and the types of space they address and create. It examines the relationship of local agreements to national peacemaking processes, arguing that they reveal the nested nature of local, national, transnational, and international conflict in protracted conflict settings. This reality points to the need for a new political imaginary for peace processes design. The conclusion sketches its contours.","PeriodicalId":46629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding","volume":"16 1","pages":"563 - 583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42728761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.1080/17502977.2022.2153517
F. Kühn
Statebuilding has waned in importance, at least when we are looking at the two decades following the Balkans wars. Building a state which would provide a platform for peaceful resolution of conflicts was widely understood as a remedy to escape cycles of violence and counterviolence. The ‘multi-functional’ state, of course, was viewed as a somewhat a-political unit, not restricted to merely holding a monopoly to the legitimate use of violence; it would be manned (predominantly) with representatives who were technocratically able but bore little personal ambition (Ghani and Lockhart 2007). International interventions were meant to help, or enforce, building such a state, and how-to knowledge was in demand. When the Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding was founded and first published in 2007, with three issues per year, the balance between academic analysis and practical requirements was hence very important (Chandler, Chesterman, and Laakso 2007) – and the requirement to bring practice and conceptual thinking and political into a productive dialogue is more valid than ever today. At the same time, it became clear over the years in contributions of many clever scholars that there were fundamental flaws in a liberal world view that guided action in international interventions, which not inevitably but almost naturally contained components of statebuilding (Jahn 2007a, 2007b; Richmond 2009; Goodhand andWalton 2009; Mac Ginty 2012; Greener 2012; Augestad Knudsen 2013; Charbonneau and Sears 2014; Philipsen 2014; Paffenholz 2021; see also Special Issues guest edited by Gabay and Death 2012; Mullin and Pallister-Wilkins 2015). Of the many findings, the most important were that, to many statebuilders’ surprise, statebuilding was political, not technocratic; politicians in intervened countries followed their own political considerations, in the process not necessarily supporting the norms the interveners claimed to hold dear; interveners themselves had narrow interests, career projections and organizational logics to follow rather than pursue lofty ideals they prided themselves officially to be supporting. After all, politics remained local, recognized in the local turn debate and its inherent limits (Roberts 2013; Chandler 2015; Abboud 2021; Randazzo 2021). The initial diagnosis, namely that in conflict settings the state which was unable to balance societal groups’ interest within its own institutions was somewhat deficient was correct. The reverse conclusion, that functioning institutions would prevent violent conflicts was not (Hehir 2007). Hence, statebuilding was not the ideal cure for violence, programmatically, even though several explanatory factors were routinely identified for dysfunctional, or fragile, statehood (Lemay-Hébert 2009; Barakat and Larson 2014): a lack of democratic participation in decision-making (Kurki 2011); a lack of monopoly of violence (Ahram 2011; see Special Issues guest edited by Berit Bliesemann de Guevara 2010; Schme
{"title":"Considering Statebuilding, Publishing Statebuilding – On Being an Editor in a Changing Field","authors":"F. Kühn","doi":"10.1080/17502977.2022.2153517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2022.2153517","url":null,"abstract":"Statebuilding has waned in importance, at least when we are looking at the two decades following the Balkans wars. Building a state which would provide a platform for peaceful resolution of conflicts was widely understood as a remedy to escape cycles of violence and counterviolence. The ‘multi-functional’ state, of course, was viewed as a somewhat a-political unit, not restricted to merely holding a monopoly to the legitimate use of violence; it would be manned (predominantly) with representatives who were technocratically able but bore little personal ambition (Ghani and Lockhart 2007). International interventions were meant to help, or enforce, building such a state, and how-to knowledge was in demand. When the Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding was founded and first published in 2007, with three issues per year, the balance between academic analysis and practical requirements was hence very important (Chandler, Chesterman, and Laakso 2007) – and the requirement to bring practice and conceptual thinking and political into a productive dialogue is more valid than ever today. At the same time, it became clear over the years in contributions of many clever scholars that there were fundamental flaws in a liberal world view that guided action in international interventions, which not inevitably but almost naturally contained components of statebuilding (Jahn 2007a, 2007b; Richmond 2009; Goodhand andWalton 2009; Mac Ginty 2012; Greener 2012; Augestad Knudsen 2013; Charbonneau and Sears 2014; Philipsen 2014; Paffenholz 2021; see also Special Issues guest edited by Gabay and Death 2012; Mullin and Pallister-Wilkins 2015). Of the many findings, the most important were that, to many statebuilders’ surprise, statebuilding was political, not technocratic; politicians in intervened countries followed their own political considerations, in the process not necessarily supporting the norms the interveners claimed to hold dear; interveners themselves had narrow interests, career projections and organizational logics to follow rather than pursue lofty ideals they prided themselves officially to be supporting. After all, politics remained local, recognized in the local turn debate and its inherent limits (Roberts 2013; Chandler 2015; Abboud 2021; Randazzo 2021). The initial diagnosis, namely that in conflict settings the state which was unable to balance societal groups’ interest within its own institutions was somewhat deficient was correct. The reverse conclusion, that functioning institutions would prevent violent conflicts was not (Hehir 2007). Hence, statebuilding was not the ideal cure for violence, programmatically, even though several explanatory factors were routinely identified for dysfunctional, or fragile, statehood (Lemay-Hébert 2009; Barakat and Larson 2014): a lack of democratic participation in decision-making (Kurki 2011); a lack of monopoly of violence (Ahram 2011; see Special Issues guest edited by Berit Bliesemann de Guevara 2010; Schme","PeriodicalId":46629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding","volume":"16 1","pages":"527 - 535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42304703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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