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Ron Silliman's Universe: Aging, Epic Poetry, and Everyday Life 罗恩·西利曼的宇宙:衰老、史诗与日常生活
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/03335372-10342155
J. Guimarães
This essay explores Ron Silliman's Universe, a serial poetic project which, according to the publisher's description, “were [the author] to live long enough, would take him three centuries to complete.” The article specifically focuses on the significance of the book's length for a general discussion of aging, poetry and temporality. One should bear in mind that Universe is not a retrospective work of synthesis but rather a present and future-oriented project. The point of departure for the article's analysis will be the following passage from Northern Soul, the second book in the series: “Page 43 / you will read / differently if / there are 94 to the book / than if there are just / 45, What about / 523 what then / little hen.” Notorious for his massive tomes of verse, Silliman establishes an analogy between the length of his life and the length of his work that, blows up conventional chronological accounts of life. In this poem, death, instead of looming on the horizon, is internalized as the point of transition from one page to the next, the death of an event being the birth of another. Everyday life thus reveals itself in all its subtle variety, its generative evanescence paradoxically enriching the life of the poet. Silliman's epic poetry is not, that is, a matter of mastery or life extension (it makes no claims to totalization or immortality) but rather one of life enchantment, achieved through a greater bardic attunement to the granularities of everyday life.
这篇文章探讨了罗恩·西利曼的《宇宙》,根据出版商的描述,这是一个连续的诗歌项目,“如果[作者]活得足够长,他需要三个世纪才能完成。人们应该记住,宇宙不是一个回顾性的综合作品,而是一个面向现在和未来的项目。这篇文章分析的出发点将是该系列第二本书《北方灵魂》中的以下一段:“第43页/如果这本书有94本,你会读得不同,而如果只有/45本,那怎么办/523本呢/小母鸡。”,Silliman在他的生命长度和他的作品长度之间建立了一个类比,打破了传统的按时间顺序排列的生活记录。在这首诗中,死亡并没有出现在地平线上,而是被内化为从一页到下一页的过渡点,一个事件的死亡就是另一个的诞生。因此,日常生活在其微妙的变化中显现出来,其生成性的消逝矛盾地丰富了诗人的生活。也就是说,西利曼的史诗不是一个掌握或延长生命的问题(它没有声称是全面化或永生),而是一种生活魅力,通过对日常生活粒度的更大的吟游诗人调来实现。
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引用次数: 0
Queer Futures for an Aging Planet 老龄化星球的奇怪未来
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/03335372-10342141
Jacob Jewusiak
Associated with disaster metaphors such as floods, avalanches, tsunamis, and icebergs, older people have come to take the symbolic form of the environmental impacts they are imagined causing. Yet even as older people are posited as the cause and imaginatively take the shape of the disaster, they are also registered as especially vulnerable to the effects of rising temperatures and extreme weather. While the tendency toward blame and care are not logically incompatible, this tension has resulted in a cultural narrative that fuels a deep sense of unfairness across generations. This article reads the sterility dystopia—a subgenre of science fiction where a global inability to have children results in aging populations and societal collapse—as registering the anxiety that arises at the intersection of age and the environment. Taking The Children of Men as a case study, I suggest that P. D. James's novel expresses the demographic dread arising from the relative shift in younger and older populations—not of a world lacking children, as we might expect, but of one catastrophized by the overabundance of the old and aging. Pushing against the link between climate activism and generational futurity, I draw on queer theory to argue that intergenerational kinship in the present privileges the values of affiliation, contingency, and immediacy that can inspire a more sustainable future.
与洪水、雪崩、海啸和冰山等灾难隐喻联系在一起,老年人开始以他们想象中造成的环境影响的象征性形式出现。然而,尽管老年人被认为是灾难的起因,并想象地扮演了灾难的角色,但他们也被认为特别容易受到气温上升和极端天气的影响。虽然责备和关心的倾向在逻辑上并非不可相容,但这种紧张关系导致了一种文化叙事,在几代人之间引发了一种深刻的不公平感。这篇文章将不育的反乌托邦——科幻小说的一个分支,其中全球无法生育导致人口老龄化和社会崩溃——视为年龄和环境交汇处产生的焦虑。以《人类之子》为例,我认为p·d·詹姆斯的小说表达了一种人口恐惧,这种恐惧来自于年轻人口和老年人口的相对转变——不是像我们可能预期的那样,是一个缺乏儿童的世界,而是一个被过多的老年人和老龄化所灾难化的世界。为了反对气候行动主义和代际未来之间的联系,我利用酷儿理论认为,现在的代际亲属关系赋予了从属、偶然性和即时性的价值观,这些价值观可以激发更可持续的未来。
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引用次数: 0
Dementia, Language, and Performative Force: The Case of Laughter 痴呆症、语言和表演力:以笑为例
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/03335372-10342071
Elizabeth C. Barry
This article considers the form of dementia conversation as it features in literary memoirs, in sociological and drama research papers, and in theatrical works, exploring the intersubjective nature of such conversation, and in particular the way that laughter serves to structure it and connect those who engage in it. In losing our ability to remember, we also lose our ability to expect: to anticipate and organize future time. Those with dementia continue to be able to initiate, conduct, and organize conversations in time, however, and to regulate shared affect, via the “melody” of speech. We examine the ways in which certain forms of language and extralinguistic gestures remain in place when propositional speech is lost. These are forms of conversation that wield some illocutionary force, perform some action, in making ongoing relationships possible, functional, and even fulfilling. The discussion builds on the work of theater scholar Elinor Fuchs—her memoir about her mother's dementia, but also her writing about theater and the insights its formal modes have given her into dementia and ageing in general—to formulate an account of dementia language and the way it operates, as theater does, in the mode of Now.
这篇文章考虑了痴呆症对话的形式,正如它在文学回忆录、社会学和戏剧研究论文以及戏剧作品中所表现的那样,探讨了这种对话的主体间性,特别是笑用来构建对话并将参与者联系起来的方式,我们也失去了预期的能力:预测和组织未来的时间。然而,痴呆症患者仍然能够及时发起、进行和组织对话,并通过言语的“旋律”调节共同的情感。我们研究了当命题言语丢失时,某些形式的语言和语言外手势保持不变的方式。这些对话形式运用了一些言外之意,采取了一些行动,使正在进行的关系成为可能,发挥作用,甚至实现。这场讨论建立在戏剧学者Elinor Fuchs的工作基础上——她关于母亲痴呆症的回忆录,以及她关于戏剧的写作,以及戏剧的正式模式给她对痴呆症和衰老的见解——来阐述痴呆症语言及其在《现在》模式下的运作方式。
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引用次数: 0
The Aesthetics of Aging: Visual Strategies and Narrative Form in Tanizaki's Diary of a Mad Old Man 衰老美学:谷崎《疯老头日记》的视觉策略与叙事形式
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/03335372-10342183
Alice Crossley
This essay reads Tanizaki Jun'ichirō’s controversial novel Diary of a Mad Old Man (1961) for its contribution to discourses about aging masculinity and male sexuality in later life. The Diary meditates on the mental and physical vicissitudes of aging masculinity, arousal, control, and impotence, focused through the fictional diarist Utsugi's physical ailments and expression of libidinal intensities. The article argues for Tanizaki's depiction of male aging as an exercise in both disenfranchisement and agentive potential. First, it reads the aging process through aesthetic and visual strategies, which magnify the protagonist's cultivation of masochistic pleasure as a specific correlative of aging. The article demonstrates that the narrative uses the rhetoric of cinema and photography—central terms of reference in Tanizaki's work—to frame Utsugi's experiences of old age, and inform his erotic fantasies as stylized, staged performances. In conjunction with these visual modes, the novel draws on traditional Japanese aesthetics to conceptualize the potential affect and perverse empowerment of the aging experience. Second, it addresses the implications of narrative form, as the self-reflexive, first-person diary prioritizes the subjectivity of Utsugi's male old age, while the novel's final pages interrupt and thus alter the diary's significance as a private account of self-expression.
本文阅读谷崎淳一的备受争议的小说《疯老头日记》(1961),因为它对老年男性气质和晚年男性性行为的论述做出了贡献。《日记》通过虚构的日记作者Utsugi的身体疾病和对力比多强度的表达,思考了衰老的男性、觉醒、控制和阳痿的精神和身体变迁。这篇文章认为,谷崎将男性衰老描述为剥夺公民权和代理潜力的一种练习。首先,它通过审美和视觉策略解读衰老过程,将主人公对受虐快感的培养放大为衰老的特定关联。这篇文章表明,这部作品的叙事运用了电影和摄影的修辞手法——谷崎的作品中以摄影为中心的术语——来构建宇杉的老年经历,并将他的性幻想作为程式化的、舞台表演。结合这些视觉模式,小说借鉴了传统的日本美学来概念化衰老经历的潜在影响和反常授权。其次,它解决了叙事形式的含义,因为自我反思,第一人称日记优先考虑宇津木男性老年的主观性,而小说的最后几页打断并因此改变了日记作为自我表达的私人账户的意义。
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引用次数: 0
An Unreality Effect: Simile in Flaubert's Madame Bovary 虚幻效应:福楼拜《包法利夫人》中的相似性
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/03335372-10017667
Spencer Lee-Lenfield
Reexamining Flaubert's use of simile in Madame Bovary yields fresh insights into old, deep questions in the study of realism: depiction of thought, free indirect speech, the relationship between representation and reality. Barthes thought the content of a simile was ultimately merely a gesture toward the realness that it thereby signified, and Proust assumed a simile ought to be precise, singular, and novel—but Flaubert's similes actually interact with his famously ironic narration to depict a particular kind of thought and feeling on the part of his characters. They are negative similes, hollow, meant to refract the comparison backward: as much as X is like Y, X is not Y. These similes intensify and dignify what they describe, but only within the penumbra of Flaubert's characteristically ironic detachment. By setting what is the case side by side with what is not, they continually aerate the prose with a sense of the grandeur that reality fails to attain. They challenge the reader to look at simile as an ironic figure rather than as needless ornament or (pace Barthes) straightforward denotation. The ambiguous relationship of simile to reality in Madame Bovary makes it a fitting rhetorical figure through which to consider the novel itself.
重新审视福楼拜在《包法利夫人》中对明喻的运用,对现实主义研究中一些古老而深刻的问题产生了新的见解:思想的描绘、自由的间接言语、再现与现实之间的关系。巴特认为明喻的内容最终仅仅是一种指向它所代表的真实的姿态,普鲁斯特认为明喻应该是精确的、独特的和新颖的——但福楼拜的明喻实际上与他著名的讽刺叙事相互作用,描绘了他笔下人物的一种特殊的思想和情感。它们是消极的比喻,空洞的,旨在向后折射比较:就像X像Y一样,X不是Y。这些比喻强化和美化了它们所描述的东西,但只是在福楼拜特有的讽刺超然的半影中。他们把真实的和不真实的放在一起,不断地给散文增添一种现实无法达到的宏伟感。他们要求读者把明喻看作是一个讽刺的人物,而不是不必要的装饰或直接的外延。《包法利夫人》中明喻与现实的暧昧关系,使其成为考察小说本身的恰当修辞手法。
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引用次数: 0
Playful Poetics: Metareferential Interfaces in Recent Indie Games 嬉戏诗学:近年独立游戏中的元指称界面
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/03335372-10017737
Theresa Krampe, Stephanie Lotzow, Jan-Noël Thon
This article sets out to explore the playful poetics of recent indie games in terms of what could be described as metareferential interfaces. Drawing on a range of theories from literary studies, media studies, and game studies, we propose to conceptualize metareferential interfaces as interfaces that foreground and draw attention to their own mediality. They thus allow for videogame-specific forms of metareference and metalepsis to be employed as part of often quite experimental and aesthetically ambitious approaches to videogame design. Using the recent indie games Pony Island (2016) and OneShot (2016) as our core case studies, we offer an in-depth analysis of this metaization of videogames’ playful poetics, focusing primarily on three salient aspects: First, the multiplication of interfaces can lead to mise-en-abyme-like structures that highlight and reflect on the mediality of videogames while also establishing ontological boundaries between different levels of videogame storyworlds. Second, the disruption of interface functionality is a metareferential strategy that can be used to establish specific gameplay challenges and reflect on the design conventions of videogame interfaces. Third, the transgression of ontological boundaries affects not only the borders between subworlds within a videogame's storyworld but also the more fundamental distinction between what is “in the game” and what is “outside it.”
本文试图从元指称界面的角度来探讨最近独立游戏的游戏诗学。借鉴文学研究、媒体研究和游戏研究的一系列理论,我们建议将元指称界面概念化为前景界面,并引起人们对其自身媒介性的关注。因此,它们允许将特定于视频游戏的元参考和元描述形式用作视频游戏设计的实验性和美学上雄心勃勃的方法的一部分。以最近的独立游戏《Pony Island》(2016)和《OneShot》(2016,界面的多样性可以导致类似mise en abyme的结构,突出和反映视频游戏的媒介性,同时在不同级别的视频游戏故事世界之间建立本体论边界。其次,界面功能的破坏是一种元参考策略,可用于确定特定的游戏挑战,并反映视频游戏界面的设计惯例。第三,超越本体论边界不仅影响视频游戏故事世界中子世界之间的边界,还影响“游戏中”和“游戏外”之间更根本的区别
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引用次数: 1
“To Tell a Story by Not Telling It”: Toward a Networked Poetics of Delay in Anne Carson's The Beauty of the Husband “不讲故事就讲故事”——论安妮·卡森《丈夫的美丽》中的网络延迟诗学
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/03335372-10017695
Helena Van Praet
This article addresses the literary response to network forms in twenty-first-century print poetry. Through the case of Anne Carson's long poem The Beauty of the Husband (2001), it explores how contemporary poetry, whose textuality will be termed prosthetic, can engender a network aesthetic that evokes infinite connections among ideas that are analogically related. Firstly, taking its cue from recent developments in literary history and relational aesthetics, the article investigates how Carson's poem participates in a network aesthetic typical of the digital age. To this end, it situates this aesthetic in the context of an emergent metamodernism by relating the notion of connection, central to network aesthetics, to an ethos of affect and sincerity characteristic of metamodernism. The literary analysis, which focuses on five key hubs, then demonstrates how the poem never arrives at representation and yet evokes a disintegrating marriage by analogically relating it to other ideas and texts. The article concludes that Carson's poem operates by means of a poetics of delay by reconciling lyrical with conceptual impulses. Ultimately, the aim of this article is to flesh out a fuller picture of Carson's notoriously uncategorizable poetry against the background of a network aesthetic.
本文论述了21世纪印刷诗歌对网络形式的文学回应。通过安妮·卡森的长诗《丈夫之美》(2001)的案例,它探讨了当代诗歌,其文本性将被称为假体,如何产生一种网络美学,唤起类比相关的思想之间的无限联系。首先,本文以文学史和关系美学的最新发展为线索,探讨了卡森的诗歌如何参与到数字时代典型的网络美学中。为此,它通过将网络美学的核心概念连接到元现代主义特征的情感和真诚的精神,将这种美学置于新兴的元现代主义的背景下。文学分析集中在五个关键的中心,然后展示了这首诗如何从来没有达到表现,但通过类比将其与其他思想和文本联系起来,唤起了一段破裂的婚姻。文章的结论是,卡森的诗通过调和抒情与观念冲动的延迟诗学来运作。最终,本文的目的是在网络美学的背景下,充实卡森那出了名的无法分类的诗歌的全貌。
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引用次数: 0
What Is Philology? From Crises of Reading to Comparative Reflections 什么是文献学?从阅读危机到比较反思
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/03335372-10017681
Sophus Helle
The article proposes a new definition of philology as a systematic engagement with crises of reading, focused on the difficulties that prevent readers from gaining access to or drawing meaning from a given text, all the way from scrubbed signs to obscure ontologies. Responding to two recent interventions in the field—Philology by James Turner and World Philology by Sheldon Pollock, Benjamin A. Elman, and Ku-ming Kevin Chang—the article explores the practices, history, and current state of philology. It argues that a resurgence of philological self-reflection over the past twelve years is bringing the field into view as a global, transhistorical, and anti-disciplinary practice, spanning many centuries and continents, and encompassing a wealth of methodological tools and approaches. These new developments promise to revitalize a field that currently finds itself in disciplinary disarray, by infusing it with a global and self-critical awareness. But the vision presented by Turner and the editors of World Philology, of philology as an inherently cross-disciplinary, cross-cultural practice, necessitates a clearer delimitation of what philology is, which the present article sets out to provide.
这篇文章提出了一个新的语文学定义,即系统地处理阅读危机,重点关注阻碍读者获得或从给定文本中获得意义的困难,从被抹去的符号到模糊的本体论。针对这一领域最近的两次干预——詹姆斯·特纳的《语文学》和谢尔登·波洛克、本杰明·A·埃尔曼和顾明·张的《世界语文学》——文章探讨了语文学的实践、历史和现状。它认为,在过去的十二年里,语文学自我反思的复兴将该领域视为一种全球性的、跨历史的、反学科的实践,跨越了许多世纪和大洲,并包含了丰富的方法论工具和方法。这些新的发展有望通过注入全球和自我批评的意识,振兴目前处于学科混乱中的领域。但是,特纳和《世界文献学》的编辑们提出的观点,即文献学是一种天生的跨学科、跨文化的实践,需要更明确地界定什么是文献学,这就是本文所要提供的。
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引用次数: 0
The Literature of Absolute War: Transnationalism and World War II 绝对战争文学:跨国主义与第二次世界大战
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/03335372-10017765
Ron Ben-Tovim
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引用次数: 0
Digital Fiction and the Unnatural: Transmedial Narrative Theory, Method, and Analysis 数字小说与非自然:跨媒介叙事理论、方法与分析
IF 0.5 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/03335372-10017751
B. Richardson
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引用次数: 0
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