Xiaoyue Yang, Miao Cheng, Ken Fujiwara, Y. Kitamura, Satoshi Shioiri, Chiahuei Tseng
With the advancement of AI‐generated human motion, it is of increasing importance to think about how we distinguish real human motion from machine‐generated movements. In this study, we recruited professional performers to use the whole body to make a short movement to inform potential observers that they are real humans (instead of machines). Their movements were captured with a motion capture system (Vicon) and later reduced to dynamic point‐like displays (biological motion). They were interviewed after the recording to provide their acting strategies. Naive observers who did not participate in the motion data collection were recruited to watch these videos and judge whether the biological motions looked human‐like or not (YES/NO), as well as to report their judging criteria. The major factors extracted from these reports include kinematics, context, body mechanics, and principles of physical laws. We discuss the impact of these criteria and how they may possibly help improve the future generation of human‐like motions.
{"title":"What Makes a Movement Human‐Like?","authors":"Xiaoyue Yang, Miao Cheng, Ken Fujiwara, Y. Kitamura, Satoshi Shioiri, Chiahuei Tseng","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12542","url":null,"abstract":"With the advancement of AI‐generated human motion, it is of increasing importance to think about how we distinguish real human motion from machine‐generated movements. In this study, we recruited professional performers to use the whole body to make a short movement to inform potential observers that they are real humans (instead of machines). Their movements were captured with a motion capture system (Vicon) and later reduced to dynamic point‐like displays (biological motion). They were interviewed after the recording to provide their acting strategies. Naive observers who did not participate in the motion data collection were recruited to watch these videos and judge whether the biological motions looked human‐like or not (YES/NO), as well as to report their judging criteria. The major factors extracted from these reports include kinematics, context, body mechanics, and principles of physical laws. We discuss the impact of these criteria and how they may possibly help improve the future generation of human‐like motions.","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ishiguro, Kazuki Matsumoto, Takumitsu Agata, Hiroyuki Noguchi, Takeshi Okada
The purpose of this study was to develop the Japanese version of the Creative Mindset Scale (CMS‐J) and examine its psychometric properties using classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT). Three surveys were conducted to examine the psychometric properties. Study 1 (n = 700) confirmed the conceptual structure of the CMS‐J. Confirmatory factor analyses of the CMS‐J suggested a two‐factor structure, as in the original scale. The test–retest reliability was examined based on data from 143 participants who responded to the CMS‐J questionnaire after a 7‐week interval. Study 2 (n = 1,114) confirmed the convergent and discriminant validities, as well as the internal consistency, of the CMS‐J. Finally, Study 3 (n = 1,300) confirmed the effective measurement of growth and fixed mindset of the CMS‐J using IRT analyses. The present findings suggest that the CMS‐J has a fundamental psychometric property.
{"title":"Development of a Japanese Version of the Creative Mindset Scale (CMS) Using Item Response Theory","authors":"C. Ishiguro, Kazuki Matsumoto, Takumitsu Agata, Hiroyuki Noguchi, Takeshi Okada","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12544","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to develop the Japanese version of the Creative Mindset Scale (CMS‐J) and examine its psychometric properties using classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT). Three surveys were conducted to examine the psychometric properties. Study 1 (n = 700) confirmed the conceptual structure of the CMS‐J. Confirmatory factor analyses of the CMS‐J suggested a two‐factor structure, as in the original scale. The test–retest reliability was examined based on data from 143 participants who responded to the CMS‐J questionnaire after a 7‐week interval. Study 2 (n = 1,114) confirmed the convergent and discriminant validities, as well as the internal consistency, of the CMS‐J. Finally, Study 3 (n = 1,300) confirmed the effective measurement of growth and fixed mindset of the CMS‐J using IRT analyses. The present findings suggest that the CMS‐J has a fundamental psychometric property.","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Body image comprises a perceptual evaluation of one's body. We examined perceptual discrepancies of own and others' body sizes in young Japanese women. Moreover, we investigated if thin‐ideal internalization and appearance‐comparison tendency were associated with the discrepancies. A sample of 173 young Japanese women (Mage = 20.11 years, SD = 1.50 years) completed a figural/silhouette scale questionnaire created based on the national anthropometric data and measures of thin‐ideal internalization and appearance‐comparison tendency. Results indicated that the participants selected a larger figure for themselves than their body mass index (BMI) represented, while they selected a slimmer figure for their ideal body than their ideal BMI represented. In addition, the extent of the perceptual discrepancies was correlated with thin‐ideal internalization and appearance‐comparison tendency. Moreover, participants expressed body dissatisfaction to a greater extent when using a silhouette scale than when using BMI. Findings are discussed in relation to abundant visual images of attractive bodies in society, which may lead to body‐size perceptual discrepancies and misjudgments, body dissatisfaction, and eventual weight‐loss behaviors. Implications for intervention are also discussed.
{"title":"Perceptual Discrepancies of Body Sizes in Japanese Female College Students: Using a 3‐D Silhouette Scale","authors":"Yuko Yamamiya, Tomohiro Suzuki, Takayo Mukai","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12534","url":null,"abstract":"Body image comprises a perceptual evaluation of one's body. We examined perceptual discrepancies of own and others' body sizes in young Japanese women. Moreover, we investigated if thin‐ideal internalization and appearance‐comparison tendency were associated with the discrepancies. A sample of 173 young Japanese women (Mage = 20.11 years, SD = 1.50 years) completed a figural/silhouette scale questionnaire created based on the national anthropometric data and measures of thin‐ideal internalization and appearance‐comparison tendency. Results indicated that the participants selected a larger figure for themselves than their body mass index (BMI) represented, while they selected a slimmer figure for their ideal body than their ideal BMI represented. In addition, the extent of the perceptual discrepancies was correlated with thin‐ideal internalization and appearance‐comparison tendency. Moreover, participants expressed body dissatisfaction to a greater extent when using a silhouette scale than when using BMI. Findings are discussed in relation to abundant visual images of attractive bodies in society, which may lead to body‐size perceptual discrepancies and misjudgments, body dissatisfaction, and eventual weight‐loss behaviors. Implications for intervention are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141336825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Facial mimicry, known as the tendency to imitate other individuals' facial muscular movements, is key to establishing successful interpersonal relationships. Studies on various cultures have confirmed this tendency, suggesting that facial mimicry is a universal behavioral pattern in interpersonal communication. However, its cross‐cultural variability is expected because of the influence of cultural norms regarding facial expressions. By focusing on unstructured dyadic interactions, we addressed the unexplored cross‐cultural variability of facial mimicry through a secondary analysis of video data obtained in Japan and Spain and a further analysis of newly collected videos in Taiwan. We also explored the association between the Big Five personality traits and facial mimicry cross‐culturally. To measure facial mimicry, the intensity of each facial action unit movement was quantified using OpenFace, which underwent multidimensional dynamic time warping. First, employing the pseudo‐synchrony paradigm of random data shuffling, we confirmed that interactants displayed facial mimicry beyond chance during their conversation. Second, we found that the extent of mimicry was significantly different among the three cultures; that is, interactants from East Asian cultures (Taiwan, Japan) showed a greater extent of mimicry than those from Western cultures (Spain) even after controlling for unbalanced gender composition in the data. Third, conscientiousness was significantly associated with the degree of mimicry. However, the association between personality traits and mimicry was not consistent across cultures. Overall, this study discusses the importance of cross‐cultural research in facial mimicry, as in the study of facial expressions.
{"title":"Facial Mimicry in Unstructured Dyadic Interactions: A Cross‐Cultural Study","authors":"Yi‐Chun Chuang, Ken Fujiwara","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12528","url":null,"abstract":"Facial mimicry, known as the tendency to imitate other individuals' facial muscular movements, is key to establishing successful interpersonal relationships. Studies on various cultures have confirmed this tendency, suggesting that facial mimicry is a universal behavioral pattern in interpersonal communication. However, its cross‐cultural variability is expected because of the influence of cultural norms regarding facial expressions. By focusing on unstructured dyadic interactions, we addressed the unexplored cross‐cultural variability of facial mimicry through a secondary analysis of video data obtained in Japan and Spain and a further analysis of newly collected videos in Taiwan. We also explored the association between the Big Five personality traits and facial mimicry cross‐culturally. To measure facial mimicry, the intensity of each facial action unit movement was quantified using OpenFace, which underwent multidimensional dynamic time warping. First, employing the pseudo‐synchrony paradigm of random data shuffling, we confirmed that interactants displayed facial mimicry beyond chance during their conversation. Second, we found that the extent of mimicry was significantly different among the three cultures; that is, interactants from East Asian cultures (Taiwan, Japan) showed a greater extent of mimicry than those from Western cultures (Spain) even after controlling for unbalanced gender composition in the data. Third, conscientiousness was significantly associated with the degree of mimicry. However, the association between personality traits and mimicry was not consistent across cultures. Overall, this study discusses the importance of cross‐cultural research in facial mimicry, as in the study of facial expressions.","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141344574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Kashihara, Daichi Sugawara, Yoshihiko Kunisato, Y. Takebayashi, Shun Nakajima, Masaya Ito
The psychological network approach, which conceptualizes mental disorders as complex systems and provides a statistical toolbox to estimate symptom networks, has evoked innovations in psychopathology research. This perspective paper discusses how to implement this approach in real‐world clinical settings, emphasizing that clinical scientists should motivate clinicians and clients to utilize it. To promote the clinical use of the psychological network approach, we provide the following five steps clinical scientists should undertake: (a) provide clinicians and clients with the necessary background knowledge, (b) encourage clinicians to use the narrative network models, (c) provide clinicians with user‐friendly software to conduct empirical network analyses, (d) explore clients' experiences during the pilot trials using the psychological network approach, and (e) develop guidelines for interventions using the psychological network approach through the collaboration of clinical scientists, clinicians, and clients. We close the paper by discussing the importance of bridging the academic field and clinical settings, in the hopes that other clinical scientists will participate in the discussion of possible futures for the psychological network approach.
{"title":"Possible Futures for the Psychological Network Approach: Agenda for Clinical Scientists","authors":"Jun Kashihara, Daichi Sugawara, Yoshihiko Kunisato, Y. Takebayashi, Shun Nakajima, Masaya Ito","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12538","url":null,"abstract":"The psychological network approach, which conceptualizes mental disorders as complex systems and provides a statistical toolbox to estimate symptom networks, has evoked innovations in psychopathology research. This perspective paper discusses how to implement this approach in real‐world clinical settings, emphasizing that clinical scientists should motivate clinicians and clients to utilize it. To promote the clinical use of the psychological network approach, we provide the following five steps clinical scientists should undertake: (a) provide clinicians and clients with the necessary background knowledge, (b) encourage clinicians to use the narrative network models, (c) provide clinicians with user‐friendly software to conduct empirical network analyses, (d) explore clients' experiences during the pilot trials using the psychological network approach, and (e) develop guidelines for interventions using the psychological network approach through the collaboration of clinical scientists, clinicians, and clients. We close the paper by discussing the importance of bridging the academic field and clinical settings, in the hopes that other clinical scientists will participate in the discussion of possible futures for the psychological network approach.","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141344974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the effect of a defusion exercise with a hierarchical procedure in the context of depression, depressive rumination, and behavioral inflexibility. A total of 38 undergraduates were randomly assigned to either a defusion or control group. All participants answered questionnaires and engaged in a behavioral flexibility task before and after intervention. For the intervention, the defusion group engaged in a hierarchical defusion procedure. They sorted their depressive private events into either thoughts, feelings, or sensations, and all of them were integrated to “depression.” Subsequently, they engaged in word‐repetition exercises for “depression.” The control group read an emotionally neutral article on Japanese culture for 5 min. Results showed that the defusion exercise decreased cognitive fusion regarding depression. However, it did not decrease depressive rumination or promote behavioral flexibility. These results suggest that adjustments in the implementation of defusion exercises and other interventions may be necessary to reduce depressive rumination and promote behavioral flexibility.
{"title":"The Effect of a Defusion Exercise Including a Hierarchical Procedure on Depressive Rumination","authors":"Yuki Shigemoto, Ian Stewart, Takashi Muto","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12533","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effect of a defusion exercise with a hierarchical procedure in the context of depression, depressive rumination, and behavioral inflexibility. A total of 38 undergraduates were randomly assigned to either a defusion or control group. All participants answered questionnaires and engaged in a behavioral flexibility task before and after intervention. For the intervention, the defusion group engaged in a hierarchical defusion procedure. They sorted their depressive private events into either thoughts, feelings, or sensations, and all of them were integrated to “depression.” Subsequently, they engaged in word‐repetition exercises for “depression.” The control group read an emotionally neutral article on Japanese culture for 5 min. Results showed that the defusion exercise decreased cognitive fusion regarding depression. However, it did not decrease depressive rumination or promote behavioral flexibility. These results suggest that adjustments in the implementation of defusion exercises and other interventions may be necessary to reduce depressive rumination and promote behavioral flexibility.","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A crucial aspect of human social competence is the ability to spontaneously and rapidly infer from facial cues whether others are likely to approach us with friendliness or hostility—that is, trustworthiness. The rapid and automatic nature of these inferences has prompted the claim that they may originate from evolutionary pressures to detect potential threats, thus enhancing our chances of survival. However, the developmental origins of this social skill remain a topic of ongoing debate. Recent evidence shows that infants' brains and looking time behaviors differentiate between faces varying along the trustworthiness continuum, but the question about the nature of the facial cues they rely on remains open. In this review, we propose the spatial frequency (SF) filtering approach (i.e., the selective removal of spatial frequency bands from the image) as a useful tool for investigating this question, and specifically whether infants' discrimination of facial expressions of emotion share common visual and neural mechanisms with discrimination of facial cues associated with trustworthiness inferences. The SF filtering approach could shed light on the neural and perceptual mechanisms underlying trustworthiness perception in infancy, providing insights into whether and how these mechanisms change across development. The evidence gathered through this method would prove critical to the understanding of the developmental origins of trustworthiness perception.
{"title":"Perception of Facial Cues to Trustworthiness in Infancy: Insights from the Spatial Frequency Filtering Approach","authors":"Valentina Silvestri, Viola Macchi Cassia","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12531","url":null,"abstract":"A crucial aspect of human social competence is the ability to spontaneously and rapidly infer from facial cues whether others are likely to approach us with friendliness or hostility—that is, trustworthiness. The rapid and automatic nature of these inferences has prompted the claim that they may originate from evolutionary pressures to detect potential threats, thus enhancing our chances of survival. However, the developmental origins of this social skill remain a topic of ongoing debate. Recent evidence shows that infants' brains and looking time behaviors differentiate between faces varying along the trustworthiness continuum, but the question about the nature of the facial cues they rely on remains open. In this review, we propose the spatial frequency (SF) filtering approach (i.e., the selective removal of spatial frequency bands from the image) as a useful tool for investigating this question, and specifically whether infants' discrimination of facial expressions of emotion share common visual and neural mechanisms with discrimination of facial cues associated with trustworthiness inferences. The SF filtering approach could shed light on the neural and perceptual mechanisms underlying trustworthiness perception in infancy, providing insights into whether and how these mechanisms change across development. The evidence gathered through this method would prove critical to the understanding of the developmental origins of trustworthiness perception.","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141355347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Humans and primates rely on visual face recognition for social interactions. Damage to specific brain areas causes prosopagnosia, a condition characterized by the inability to recognize familiar faces, indicating the presence of specialized brain areas for facial‐recognition processing. A breakthrough finding came from a non‐human primate (NHP) study conducted in the early 2000s; it was the first to identify multiple face‐processing areas in the temporal lobe, termed “face patches.” Subsequent studies have demonstrated the unique role of each face patch in the structural analysis of faces. More recent studies have expanded these findings by exploring the role of face‐patch networks in social and memory functions and the importance of early face exposure in the development of the system. In this review, we discuss the neuronal mechanisms responsible for analyzing facial features, categorizing faces, and associating faces with memory and social contexts within both the cerebral cortex and subcortical areas. Use of NHPs in neuropsychological and neurophysiological studies can highlight the mechanistic aspects of the neuronal circuit underlying face recognition at both the single‐neuron and whole‐brain network levels.
{"title":"Neuronal Mechanisms Underlying Face Recognition in Non‐human Primates","authors":"Hidetoshi Amita, K. W. Koyano, Jun Kunimatsu","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12530","url":null,"abstract":"Humans and primates rely on visual face recognition for social interactions. Damage to specific brain areas causes prosopagnosia, a condition characterized by the inability to recognize familiar faces, indicating the presence of specialized brain areas for facial‐recognition processing. A breakthrough finding came from a non‐human primate (NHP) study conducted in the early 2000s; it was the first to identify multiple face‐processing areas in the temporal lobe, termed “face patches.” Subsequent studies have demonstrated the unique role of each face patch in the structural analysis of faces. More recent studies have expanded these findings by exploring the role of face‐patch networks in social and memory functions and the importance of early face exposure in the development of the system. In this review, we discuss the neuronal mechanisms responsible for analyzing facial features, categorizing faces, and associating faces with memory and social contexts within both the cerebral cortex and subcortical areas. Use of NHPs in neuropsychological and neurophysiological studies can highlight the mechanistic aspects of the neuronal circuit underlying face recognition at both the single‐neuron and whole‐brain network levels.","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous studies have reported that soft haptic sensations influence higher‐order cognition, but few studies have investigated effects of soft haptic sensations on the recall of episodic memories. The present study examined whether or not holding a soft object influences the recall of episodes. Participants held either a soft or hard cushion and performed tasks in which they recalled episodic memories. On each trial, a pleasant or unpleasant trait word was presented. In Experiment 1, the participants judged whether or not the word elicited an autobiographical memory. In Experiment 2, the participants judged whether or not the word elicited a memory of an episode involving their caregiver. In Experiment 1, the number of self‐referent judgments for unpleasant words was smaller when participants held a soft cushion than when they held a hard cushion. In Experiment 2, holding soft or hard cushions had no significant effect on the number of caregiver‐referent judgments. These results suggest that effects of soft haptic sensations on the recall of positive and negative autobiographical memories are asymmetrical.
{"title":"Haptic Sensations Modulate Judgment of Words that Elicit Self‐referent Memory","authors":"Toshiki Ikeda, Yuji Takeda","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12532","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have reported that soft haptic sensations influence higher‐order cognition, but few studies have investigated effects of soft haptic sensations on the recall of episodic memories. The present study examined whether or not holding a soft object influences the recall of episodes. Participants held either a soft or hard cushion and performed tasks in which they recalled episodic memories. On each trial, a pleasant or unpleasant trait word was presented. In Experiment 1, the participants judged whether or not the word elicited an autobiographical memory. In Experiment 2, the participants judged whether or not the word elicited a memory of an episode involving their caregiver. In Experiment 1, the number of self‐referent judgments for unpleasant words was smaller when participants held a soft cushion than when they held a hard cushion. In Experiment 2, holding soft or hard cushions had no significant effect on the number of caregiver‐referent judgments. These results suggest that effects of soft haptic sensations on the recall of positive and negative autobiographical memories are asymmetrical.","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the feasibility of a mobile app‐based positive psychology intervention (PPI) for enhancing well‐being. A total of 24 Japanese students (11 men and 13 women) were assigned to the intervention group and 24 students with the same attributes (sex and grade) as the intervention group were assigned to the control group. The mobile app‐based PPI consisted of three PPI activities for 2 weeks. Participants recorded how many character strengths they used (character strengths), how many letters they sent (gratitude letters), and the events that went well on that day (three good things). Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance, and the results revealed significant intervention effects on engagement and achievement among well‐being. Moreover, favorable results were observed regarding the feasibility of the intervention, where women had a more favorable attitude toward acceptability, implementation, adaptation, integration, and expansion of the app than men.
{"title":"Effects of Mobile App‐Based Positive Psychology Intervention for Well‐being","authors":"Hiroaki Uechi, T. Shimazaki, Koji Takenaka","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12535","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the feasibility of a mobile app‐based positive psychology intervention (PPI) for enhancing well‐being. A total of 24 Japanese students (11 men and 13 women) were assigned to the intervention group and 24 students with the same attributes (sex and grade) as the intervention group were assigned to the control group. The mobile app‐based PPI consisted of three PPI activities for 2 weeks. Participants recorded how many character strengths they used (character strengths), how many letters they sent (gratitude letters), and the events that went well on that day (three good things). Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance, and the results revealed significant intervention effects on engagement and achievement among well‐being. Moreover, favorable results were observed regarding the feasibility of the intervention, where women had a more favorable attitude toward acceptability, implementation, adaptation, integration, and expansion of the app than men.","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141362584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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