Japanese Psychological Research最新文献

Norasakkunkit, V., Champagne, B., Prietto, K., Armor, J., Ball, C., Bigoni, H., & Cutuli, A. (2022). Precarious Lives Predict Culturally Deviant Psychologies: Extending the Psychology of Marginalization From Japan to the US. Japanese Psychological Research, 64(2), 127–140.

In the top part of figure 2 (US chart), I made a clerical error when I recreated figure 2 in order to submit a higher quality version of the chart during the proofing process. The labels in the legend for the lines in the chart were inadvertently reversed between “High Risk” and “Low Risk” when recreating the chart. Specifically, the label for the “High Risk” line should have read “Low Risk,” and the label for the “Low Risk” line should have read “High Risk”.

I apologize for making this clerical error during the proofing process.

An internal focus on movement interferes with automated movement execution, but physical sensations may not diminish performance. We hypothesized that interoception—a perception of the inner workings of the body—is associated with maintaining performance under internal focus. Eighteen competitive swimmers with high interoceptive ability and nine controls with no sports experience executed a golf putting task under pressure and no-pressure tests, while the direction of attentional focus was manipulated. We recorded electroencephalograms and electrocardiograms during the task in three attentional conditions (i.e., sensation-focus, movement-focus, and no-focus instruction). Interoceptive accuracy was evaluated by a heartbeat counting task and interoceptive sensibility was obtained using the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness questionnaire. Results showed that internal focus on movement led to lower performance compared to the no-focus instruction in both groups, whereas focusing on physical sensations did not change performance. Higher interoceptive sensibility predicted better performance when focusing on movement. These results suggest that higher interoceptive ability may prevent performance deterioration due to an internal focus toward movement.

Interoceptive attention tendencies (IATs) have been theorized to include facets of awareness and evaluative aspects for skillfully attending toward one's bodily sensations in a regulatory manner. However, the relations between IATs and factors for the trait-like control of behavioral effort are unknown. Here, we tested associations between IATs measured via the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) and control-related factors from the Effortful Control Scale (ECS) for adults in a nationally representative online survey of 500 Japanese working adults (analytic sample, N = 463; 274 females, M_age = 46.63 years, SD = 11.58 years). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis for the MAIA showed acceptable model fit for the six-factor model similar to previous studies with Japanese respondents. Adjusting for the influence of age and gender, partial correlations indicated that the evaluative dimensions of the MAIA were positively correlated with the Inhibitory Control, Activation Control, and Attentional Control factors of the ECS (Pearson's partial rs range .14 to .25, ps < .01). Exploratory multiple regression analysis indicated that the Attention Regulation factor of the MAIA was a statistically significant predictor of effortful control modeled as total score. Taken together, the results were theoretically consistent with previous studies investigating relations with trait-like factors of personality and mental health indicators for full-time workers in Japan. Relative to the constructs of awareness, our empirical correlations provide specificity for the construct validity of IATs with trait indicators of effortful control and implications for implementation research.

This study examined the conceptual structure and motivational effects of growth mindsets based on the perspective of character strengths. An internet survey was conducted with 1,000 workers (500 males and 500 females; age range 20–59 years, M = 40.1 years, SD = 10.7 years). Participants were presented with 25 strengths (i.e., intelligence and 24 character strengths) and were asked to rate their perceived competence, growth mindset, and improvement intention for each strength. The exploratory factor analyses on perceived competence, growth mindset, and improvement intention identified five common factors: wisdom, willpower, temperance, transcendence, and groupness. Moreover, regression analyses indicated that a growth mindset was more strongly related to improvement intention than perceived competence. Furthermore, regression analyses found domain-specific effects of growth mindsets on improvement intention. Thus, the intention to improve a particular strength was more closely related to that particular growth mindset than to other growth mindsets. The theoretical and educational implications are aired in the discussion section.

The self is, at least partially, grounded in bodily processing. In particular, processing the physiological state of the body (i.e., interoception) plays a key role in self-consciousness and the first-person experience. The present study examined cultural differences in interoceptive processing. We focused on a behavioral measure of cardiac processing, which was assessed using a heartbeat-counting task; namely, interoceptive accuracy (IAcc). Study 1 compared IAcc scores that were previously collected in Japan and the United Kingdom and found no statistically significant differences between the cultures. Study 2 was conducted in a more elaborate manner; that is, we collected new data on IAcc from Japanese students using better-adapted task instructions, as well as possible confounds that influence IAcc (i.e., time estimation, knowledge of heart rate, and actual heart rate). We compared these data with those collected from Belgian students and found that the Japanese participants detected heartbeats more accurately than did the Europeans. The results are discussed from the perspective of cultural differences in objective self-awareness, and a self-flexibility and a bodily precision account of IAcc.