Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.1177/12063312221075135
Linda Norris
Representing more than 300 sites in 65 countries, the International Coalition of Sites of Conscience represents a movement of historic sites, museums and memory initiatives that commit to universal principles of human rights and the power of history to create positive change. The Coalition is built on the belief that history is intensively local and personal—and that as a global network, members can benefit from exchanges around the globe, building a worldwide movement.
{"title":"What Does It Mean to Be a Site of Conscience? “Good Trouble” Across the Globe","authors":"Linda Norris","doi":"10.1177/12063312221075135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/12063312221075135","url":null,"abstract":"Representing more than 300 sites in 65 countries, the International Coalition of Sites of Conscience represents a movement of historic sites, museums and memory initiatives that commit to universal principles of human rights and the power of history to create positive change. The Coalition is built on the belief that history is intensively local and personal—and that as a global network, members can benefit from exchanges around the globe, building a worldwide movement.","PeriodicalId":46749,"journal":{"name":"Space and Culture","volume":"25 1","pages":"161 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47581591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-26DOI: 10.1177/12063312211066547
K. D. De Silva
Waikīkī and Maunakea are two sites of global interest and prominence, occupying a certain space in the collective consciousness of Hawaiʻi. They are not, however, often considered as sites of conscience, even though they are the sources of Kanaka counter-memory that stand in opposition to the memories codified by the settler state into narratives of Kanaka dispossession and Americanization. This article interrogates this condition of illegibility, and the role of mele, hula, and a moment of dissonance in revealing the sites and stories often overwritten by dominant, quasi-colonial narratives of tourism, capitalism, Western enlightenment, and progress. I also argue that our true sites of conscience are those that invite a change of consciousness on the part of the onlooker/participant, laying the foundation for collaborative envisioning of pono futures for Hawaiʻi, in the context of aloha ʻāina.
{"title":"Haʻu ka Waha i ka Nahele: Dissonance and Song in Kanaka Sites of Counter-Memory","authors":"K. D. De Silva","doi":"10.1177/12063312211066547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/12063312211066547","url":null,"abstract":"Waikīkī and Maunakea are two sites of global interest and prominence, occupying a certain space in the collective consciousness of Hawaiʻi. They are not, however, often considered as sites of conscience, even though they are the sources of Kanaka counter-memory that stand in opposition to the memories codified by the settler state into narratives of Kanaka dispossession and Americanization. This article interrogates this condition of illegibility, and the role of mele, hula, and a moment of dissonance in revealing the sites and stories often overwritten by dominant, quasi-colonial narratives of tourism, capitalism, Western enlightenment, and progress. I also argue that our true sites of conscience are those that invite a change of consciousness on the part of the onlooker/participant, laying the foundation for collaborative envisioning of pono futures for Hawaiʻi, in the context of aloha ʻāina.","PeriodicalId":46749,"journal":{"name":"Space and Culture","volume":"25 1","pages":"192 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42763418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.1177/12063312211065566
Diah Kusumaningrum, Ayu Diasti Rahmawati, J. Balint, Nesam McMillan
The collaborative “Sites of Violence, Sites of Peace” project seeks to transform the relational landscape of Yogyakarta by enabling new intergenerational conversations about the 1965 politicide in Indonesia and further injustices with other marginalized communities. This community-engaged project developed walking tours of (largely unacknowledged) sites of historic violence: a colonial fort turned national museum, a derelict office building, a refurbished bank. Through these tours, sites of past suffering are activated by unheard survivor testimonies, making visible historical injustice and its contemporary and enduring significance. Unsettling the dominant spatial arrangement of Yogyakarta, the tours rewrite the city as a space where injustice and persecution are experienced. Crucially, the tour is also a relational encounter, facilitating intergenerational conversations that challenge social and political exclusionary norms. It, thereby, enables a form of relational justice, which requires active involvement from fellow citizens, not solely redress from the state.
{"title":"Sites of Violence, Sites of Peace, Sites of Justice: Transforming the Relational Landscape of Yogyakarta","authors":"Diah Kusumaningrum, Ayu Diasti Rahmawati, J. Balint, Nesam McMillan","doi":"10.1177/12063312211065566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/12063312211065566","url":null,"abstract":"The collaborative “Sites of Violence, Sites of Peace” project seeks to transform the relational landscape of Yogyakarta by enabling new intergenerational conversations about the 1965 politicide in Indonesia and further injustices with other marginalized communities. This community-engaged project developed walking tours of (largely unacknowledged) sites of historic violence: a colonial fort turned national museum, a derelict office building, a refurbished bank. Through these tours, sites of past suffering are activated by unheard survivor testimonies, making visible historical injustice and its contemporary and enduring significance. Unsettling the dominant spatial arrangement of Yogyakarta, the tours rewrite the city as a space where injustice and persecution are experienced. Crucially, the tour is also a relational encounter, facilitating intergenerational conversations that challenge social and political exclusionary norms. It, thereby, enables a form of relational justice, which requires active involvement from fellow citizens, not solely redress from the state.","PeriodicalId":46749,"journal":{"name":"Space and Culture","volume":"25 1","pages":"309 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43751785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-09DOI: 10.1177/12063312211057036
D. Moran, Matt Houlbrook, Y. Jewkes
Prior scholarship tracing the origins and architecture of prisons has tended to focus on how and why prisons are built—what they are intended to achieve and their construction as an expression of the punitive philosophies of their age. It does not consider how prisons persist as time passes, perhaps beyond their anticipated operational life span, and into “obsolescence.” Focusing on the archetypal Victorian prison, and considering the alteration and inhabitation of such prisons through time, this article critically reinterprets notions of obsolescence in the built environment and explores an enduring cultural attachment to a particular and arguably archaic material manifestation of punishment.
{"title":"The Persistence of the Victorian Prison: Alteration, Inhabitation, Obsolescence, and Affirmative Design","authors":"D. Moran, Matt Houlbrook, Y. Jewkes","doi":"10.1177/12063312211057036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/12063312211057036","url":null,"abstract":"Prior scholarship tracing the origins and architecture of prisons has tended to focus on how and why prisons are built—what they are intended to achieve and their construction as an expression of the punitive philosophies of their age. It does not consider how prisons persist as time passes, perhaps beyond their anticipated operational life span, and into “obsolescence.” Focusing on the archetypal Victorian prison, and considering the alteration and inhabitation of such prisons through time, this article critically reinterprets notions of obsolescence in the built environment and explores an enduring cultural attachment to a particular and arguably archaic material manifestation of punishment.","PeriodicalId":46749,"journal":{"name":"Space and Culture","volume":"25 1","pages":"364 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44892944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.1177/12063312211066563
C. Aguilera
In this short essay, I explore the recent reassessment of ruined sites haunted by the echoes of State terrorism across the Southern Cone of Latin America, asking what is at stake in the conservation of former detention centers and focusing on Villa Grimaldi in Chile. The site was initially transformed into a green park but has subsequently become a museum in which remains of the original buildings and artifacts from the repressive past are publicly accessible. I draw on perspectives that claim that even ruins that portray past acts of inhumanity do not necessarily need to evoke melancholic or traumatic retrospection; rather, they are sites of alternative pasts and futures. The transition from the original green park design to a more prominent use of the ruins speaks of an invitation to reassess the past, addressing marginal aspects of emblematic memories, including the political conflict that underpinned the repression.
{"title":"Memories of State Terrorism in Chile: Dark Ruins at Villa Grimaldi","authors":"C. Aguilera","doi":"10.1177/12063312211066563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/12063312211066563","url":null,"abstract":"In this short essay, I explore the recent reassessment of ruined sites haunted by the echoes of State terrorism across the Southern Cone of Latin America, asking what is at stake in the conservation of former detention centers and focusing on Villa Grimaldi in Chile. The site was initially transformed into a green park but has subsequently become a museum in which remains of the original buildings and artifacts from the repressive past are publicly accessible. I draw on perspectives that claim that even ruins that portray past acts of inhumanity do not necessarily need to evoke melancholic or traumatic retrospection; rather, they are sites of alternative pasts and futures. The transition from the original green park design to a more prominent use of the ruins speaks of an invitation to reassess the past, addressing marginal aspects of emblematic memories, including the political conflict that underpinned the repression.","PeriodicalId":46749,"journal":{"name":"Space and Culture","volume":"25 1","pages":"322 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45093179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.1177/12063312211065560
L. McAtackney
It is less than a decade since the Irish government published the McAleese Report, which accepted the state’s role in facilitating abuse in Catholic Church-run Magdalen Laundries. At the time the then Taoiseach Enda Kenny tearfully apologizing for the state’s involvement, alongside promising redress for survivors. Although much has been achieved since that time, one aspect that has not been resolved is how we remember and memorialize that past. Of the 10 Magdalen Laundries that operated in postindependence Ireland, seven have been demolished or substantially redeveloped and three are currently in various degrees of dereliction. This article considers the potential for extant Magdalen Laundries to become sites of conscience. It will explore this potential through the lens of temporality, materiality, and spatiality and will ultimately argue for the need to explore scalar power relations if Magdalen Laundries are to truly reflect past injustices as well as become meaningful places in the contemporary.
{"title":"A Suitable Place to Remember? Derelict Magdalen Laundries as Possible Sites of Conscience in Contemporary Ireland","authors":"L. McAtackney","doi":"10.1177/12063312211065560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/12063312211065560","url":null,"abstract":"It is less than a decade since the Irish government published the McAleese Report, which accepted the state’s role in facilitating abuse in Catholic Church-run Magdalen Laundries. At the time the then Taoiseach Enda Kenny tearfully apologizing for the state’s involvement, alongside promising redress for survivors. Although much has been achieved since that time, one aspect that has not been resolved is how we remember and memorialize that past. Of the 10 Magdalen Laundries that operated in postindependence Ireland, seven have been demolished or substantially redeveloped and three are currently in various degrees of dereliction. This article considers the potential for extant Magdalen Laundries to become sites of conscience. It will explore this potential through the lens of temporality, materiality, and spatiality and will ultimately argue for the need to explore scalar power relations if Magdalen Laundries are to truly reflect past injustices as well as become meaningful places in the contemporary.","PeriodicalId":46749,"journal":{"name":"Space and Culture","volume":"25 1","pages":"266 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46282016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.1177/12063312211066543
E. Punzi
Sites of oppression might be remembered in ways that contribute to dialogues about human rights and justice, exemplified by Sites of Conscience. Oppression was commonplace in former psychiatric institutions, yet such institutions are often subject to strategic forgetting and transformed into business parks, hotels, or residential areas. This article concerns Långbro Hospital, a digital museum presenting the former psychiatric institution Långbro, Sweden, now transformed into a residential area. I discuss how the former institution becomes a digital nonplace in which patients tend to be objectified or excluded, and the park and the buildings in which oppression occurred are reduced to representing beauty and functionality. I relate the analysis to digital Sites of Conscience such as British Museum of Colonialism and Pennhurst Memorial and Preservation Alliance and, thereby, show that thoughtful digitization might recognize prior as well as current injustice and oppression and contribute to change.
{"title":"Långbro Hospital, Sweden—From Psychiatric Institution to Digital Museum: A Critical Discourse Analysis","authors":"E. Punzi","doi":"10.1177/12063312211066543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/12063312211066543","url":null,"abstract":"Sites of oppression might be remembered in ways that contribute to dialogues about human rights and justice, exemplified by Sites of Conscience. Oppression was commonplace in former psychiatric institutions, yet such institutions are often subject to strategic forgetting and transformed into business parks, hotels, or residential areas. This article concerns Långbro Hospital, a digital museum presenting the former psychiatric institution Långbro, Sweden, now transformed into a residential area. I discuss how the former institution becomes a digital nonplace in which patients tend to be objectified or excluded, and the park and the buildings in which oppression occurred are reduced to representing beauty and functionality. I relate the analysis to digital Sites of Conscience such as British Museum of Colonialism and Pennhurst Memorial and Preservation Alliance and, thereby, show that thoughtful digitization might recognize prior as well as current injustice and oppression and contribute to change.","PeriodicalId":46749,"journal":{"name":"Space and Culture","volume":"25 1","pages":"282 - 294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49255929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.1177/12063312211065562
Linda Kinstler
“Forensic Architecture” describes both the research agency, founded in 2011, as well as its investigative method and aesthetic practice. As an emerging discipline, forensic architecture exploits the relation between space, material, and memory. My aim in this article is to consider how the agency’s “memory objects”—aestheticized virtual renderings of their investigations—operate as testimonial objects, evidentiary archives, and simulated sites of conscience. I attend to one “memory object” in particular, a film titled “Drone Strike Investigation Case no. 2: Mir Ali, North Waziristan, 4 October 2010; The Architecture of Memory,” an investigation which the U.N. Special Rapporteur on Counter Terrorism and Human Rights commissioned Forensic Architecture to undertake. This article suggests that this virtual “memory object” troubles the status of both the human witness and the physical landscape to which it refers.
{"title":"Situated Testimony: Forensic Architecture’s Memory Objects","authors":"Linda Kinstler","doi":"10.1177/12063312211065562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/12063312211065562","url":null,"abstract":"“Forensic Architecture” describes both the research agency, founded in 2011, as well as its investigative method and aesthetic practice. As an emerging discipline, forensic architecture exploits the relation between space, material, and memory. My aim in this article is to consider how the agency’s “memory objects”—aestheticized virtual renderings of their investigations—operate as testimonial objects, evidentiary archives, and simulated sites of conscience. I attend to one “memory object” in particular, a film titled “Drone Strike Investigation Case no. 2: Mir Ali, North Waziristan, 4 October 2010; The Architecture of Memory,” an investigation which the U.N. Special Rapporteur on Counter Terrorism and Human Rights commissioned Forensic Architecture to undertake. This article suggests that this virtual “memory object” troubles the status of both the human witness and the physical landscape to which it refers.","PeriodicalId":46749,"journal":{"name":"Space and Culture","volume":"25 1","pages":"327 - 330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42775482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.1177/12063312211066549
Lisa Guenther
A group of women who were incarcerated at Canada’s first federal Prison for Women (P4W) have been fighting to create a memorial garden since the prison closed in 2000. In 2017, the prison was sold to a private developer who plans to convert the historic building and grounds into condos, retail, and office space. What does it mean to remember the dead, and to fight for the living, at a time when neoliberal common sense demands the efficient conversion of a place of suffering and death into a “heritage building” on “prime real estate”? How might a collective practice of radical imagination help to resist the commodification of memory into a tourist attraction or an aesthetic improvement of private property? And what is the relation between memory, healing, and accountability in a place where state violence, gender domination, and settler colonialism intersect?
{"title":"Memory, Imagination, and Resistance in Canada’s Prison for Women","authors":"Lisa Guenther","doi":"10.1177/12063312211066549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/12063312211066549","url":null,"abstract":"A group of women who were incarcerated at Canada’s first federal Prison for Women (P4W) have been fighting to create a memorial garden since the prison closed in 2000. In 2017, the prison was sold to a private developer who plans to convert the historic building and grounds into condos, retail, and office space. What does it mean to remember the dead, and to fight for the living, at a time when neoliberal common sense demands the efficient conversion of a place of suffering and death into a “heritage building” on “prime real estate”? How might a collective practice of radical imagination help to resist the commodification of memory into a tourist attraction or an aesthetic improvement of private property? And what is the relation between memory, healing, and accountability in a place where state violence, gender domination, and settler colonialism intersect?","PeriodicalId":46749,"journal":{"name":"Space and Culture","volume":"25 1","pages":"255 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44648428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.1177/12063312211065563
Tyler J. Goldberger
Francisco Franco announced the construction of the Valley of the Fallen in 1940, a year following the end of the Spanish Civil War, and incorporated overt iconography that honored the struggle of Nationalists without memorializing the Republican victims during this war. This memorial distinguished the names of two fascist leaders, Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera and Franco, buried in the center of the basilica in 1959 and 1975, respectively. However, this site, as of June 2021, has failed to acknowledge the over 33,000 victims, both Nationalists and Republicans, interred in this site, many of whom remain unidentified. The signification of the Valley of the Fallen has transformed since the turn of the 21st century due to recent memory practices that increasingly commemorate Republican victims of the Spanish Civil War. This article illustrates how the persistence of memory and counter-memory practices have shifted the meaning of the Valley of the Fallen, creating a site of conscience through changes affecting place and space, particularly in light of Franco’s legacy.
1940年，也就是西班牙内战结束的第二年，弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥(Francisco Franco)宣布建造阵亡者谷(Valley of the Fallen)，并加入了公开的图像，以纪念民族主义者的斗争，而不是纪念这场战争中的共和党受害者。这座纪念碑纪念了分别于1959年和1975年埋葬在教堂中心的两位法西斯领导人何塞·安东尼奥·普里莫·德里维拉和佛朗哥的名字。然而，截至2021年6月，该网站未能承认埋葬在这里的33,000多名受害者，包括民族主义者和共和党人，其中许多人仍然身份不明。进入21世纪以来，由于最近纪念西班牙内战中共和党受害者的活动越来越多，堕落谷的意义发生了变化。这篇文章阐述了记忆的持续和反记忆的实践如何改变了堕落谷的意义，通过影响地点和空间的变化，特别是在佛朗哥的遗产的影响下，创造了一个良心的场所。
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