Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1177/00916471211012979
Paula J. Tipton, A. Colburn, S. Parker, L. Underwood
The provision of clinical counseling within the context of a Christian worldview has profound meaning for those who seek education in Christian institutions. This phenomenology explored the essence of faith-informed clinical practice for experienced licensed professional counselors. The following six overarching themes emerged from interviews with 10 clinicians: Faith-Informed Clinical Practice Emerges from an Eternal Perspective, Distinct Aspirations of Faith-Informed Clinicians, The Clinician’s Inner World, Bi-directional Influences of Faith and Professional Development, Clinical Issues Specific to Faith-informed Practice, and Suggestions for Faith-Based Education. Recommendations include the replacement of integration studies with spiritual formation and a more holistic, practical, experiential, and spiritual approach to counselor training in faith-based institutions.
{"title":"Beyond Integration: A Phenomenology of Faith-Informed Clinical Practice","authors":"Paula J. Tipton, A. Colburn, S. Parker, L. Underwood","doi":"10.1177/00916471211012979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00916471211012979","url":null,"abstract":"The provision of clinical counseling within the context of a Christian worldview has profound meaning for those who seek education in Christian institutions. This phenomenology explored the essence of faith-informed clinical practice for experienced licensed professional counselors. The following six overarching themes emerged from interviews with 10 clinicians: Faith-Informed Clinical Practice Emerges from an Eternal Perspective, Distinct Aspirations of Faith-Informed Clinicians, The Clinician’s Inner World, Bi-directional Influences of Faith and Professional Development, Clinical Issues Specific to Faith-informed Practice, and Suggestions for Faith-Based Education. Recommendations include the replacement of integration studies with spiritual formation and a more holistic, practical, experiential, and spiritual approach to counselor training in faith-based institutions.","PeriodicalId":46761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00916471211012979","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42347581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1177/00916471211011600
J. Lelek
The current article is an attempt to honor the tenets of the biblical counseling movement while providing schemata that encourages interaction with extra-biblical data. A biblical systematic care of souls is presented, and empirical data are offered to serve as an adjunct to formulate a holistic care of souls. Empirical inquiry is encouraged so long as a biblical foundation serves as the basis of interpretation.
{"title":"The Sufficiency of Scripture and Holistic Care: A Cursory Introduction","authors":"J. Lelek","doi":"10.1177/00916471211011600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00916471211011600","url":null,"abstract":"The current article is an attempt to honor the tenets of the biblical counseling movement while providing schemata that encourages interaction with extra-biblical data. A biblical systematic care of souls is presented, and empirical data are offered to serve as an adjunct to formulate a holistic care of souls. Empirical inquiry is encouraged so long as a biblical foundation serves as the basis of interpretation.","PeriodicalId":46761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00916471211011600","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43609363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1177/00916471211011595
Kenneth T. Wang, Mi-Seon Kang, Hsiu-Chi Lee, Irene Sipan
The Religious Perfectionism Scale (RPS) was first developed among Chinese Buddhists, Christians, and Muslims. It consists of the following two subscales: Zealous Religious Dedication and Religious Self-Criticism. In this study, a cross-cultural psychometric evaluation of RPS was performed in a US Christian sample (N = 233). The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results presented a strong data-to-model fit statistics for the two-factor oblique model (CFI = .977, SRMR = .051, RMSEA = .034) in the US sample. The measurement of invariance between US and Chinese samples was examined by multiple-group CFA. The results indicated that the RPS fulfilled invariance for factor loadings and residual variances, but intercepts were partially invariant. The internal consistency reliability coefficients for the two subscales were adequate (above .70). The construct validity test results confirmed our hypotheses that the ZRD was positively correlated with Religious Commitment (r = .56), and the RSC was positively correlated with Scrupulosity (r = .58). Overall results suggest that the RPS is a promising measure of religious perfectionism for Christians in the United States. The implications of this were discussed.
{"title":"The Religious Perfectionism Scale: A Cross-cultural Psychometric Evaluation Among Christians in the United States","authors":"Kenneth T. Wang, Mi-Seon Kang, Hsiu-Chi Lee, Irene Sipan","doi":"10.1177/00916471211011595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00916471211011595","url":null,"abstract":"The Religious Perfectionism Scale (RPS) was first developed among Chinese Buddhists, Christians, and Muslims. It consists of the following two subscales: Zealous Religious Dedication and Religious Self-Criticism. In this study, a cross-cultural psychometric evaluation of RPS was performed in a US Christian sample (N = 233). The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results presented a strong data-to-model fit statistics for the two-factor oblique model (CFI = .977, SRMR = .051, RMSEA = .034) in the US sample. The measurement of invariance between US and Chinese samples was examined by multiple-group CFA. The results indicated that the RPS fulfilled invariance for factor loadings and residual variances, but intercepts were partially invariant. The internal consistency reliability coefficients for the two subscales were adequate (above .70). The construct validity test results confirmed our hypotheses that the ZRD was positively correlated with Religious Commitment (r = .56), and the RSC was positively correlated with Scrupulosity (r = .58). Overall results suggest that the RPS is a promising measure of religious perfectionism for Christians in the United States. The implications of this were discussed.","PeriodicalId":46761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00916471211011595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41366479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1177/00916471211011598
Kerry E. Horrell, M. Elizabeth Lewis Hall, Tamara L. Anderson, G. Lee
Recent research has demonstrated that egalitarian gender role ideologies are associated with higher marital satisfaction and higher psychological well-being. However, there has been little research investigating whether gender role ideologies in Evangelical populations follow these same trends. The current study examined how gender role ideologies in an Evangelical population are related to marital satisfaction and eudaimonic well-being, as well as the role of locus of control in these relationships. Three hundred sixty-three Evangelical Christian women were administered a survey containing measures of gender role ideology, marital satisfaction, eudaimonic well-being, and locus of control. No bivariate relationship was found between marital satisfaction and gender role ideologies. However, locus of control significantly moderated this relationship, such that the relationship was only significant for women with a more external locus of control. Specifically, externalizing women evidenced a significant positive relationship between egalitarian gender role ideologies and marital satisfaction, whereas the relationship was not significant for internalizing women. Moreover, egalitarian gender role ideologies were found to be positively related to eudaimonic well-being. The results of this research expand the current body of literature surrounding gender role ideologies within religious populations, specifically regarding outcomes that are associated with holding specific gender role ideologies.
{"title":"Gender Role Ideologies, Marital Satisfaction, and Eudaimonic Well-Being in Evangelical Women","authors":"Kerry E. Horrell, M. Elizabeth Lewis Hall, Tamara L. Anderson, G. Lee","doi":"10.1177/00916471211011598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00916471211011598","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has demonstrated that egalitarian gender role ideologies are associated with higher marital satisfaction and higher psychological well-being. However, there has been little research investigating whether gender role ideologies in Evangelical populations follow these same trends. The current study examined how gender role ideologies in an Evangelical population are related to marital satisfaction and eudaimonic well-being, as well as the role of locus of control in these relationships. Three hundred sixty-three Evangelical Christian women were administered a survey containing measures of gender role ideology, marital satisfaction, eudaimonic well-being, and locus of control. No bivariate relationship was found between marital satisfaction and gender role ideologies. However, locus of control significantly moderated this relationship, such that the relationship was only significant for women with a more external locus of control. Specifically, externalizing women evidenced a significant positive relationship between egalitarian gender role ideologies and marital satisfaction, whereas the relationship was not significant for internalizing women. Moreover, egalitarian gender role ideologies were found to be positively related to eudaimonic well-being. The results of this research expand the current body of literature surrounding gender role ideologies within religious populations, specifically regarding outcomes that are associated with holding specific gender role ideologies.","PeriodicalId":46761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00916471211011598","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43448358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1177/00916471211011597
Allison K. Hamm, D. Eagle
Since its inception in the 1960s, research on premature (i.e., pre-retirement) clergy attrition from congregational ministry has focused on identifying the factors that precipitate and mitigate ministry exits, while the rates at which clergy leave the ministry have been inconsistently tracked. The literature on clergy attrition is peppered with claims of alarmingly high rates of departure; however, these studies lack strong empirical support. The evidence, while fragmentary, consistently shows that pastors do not leave congregational ministry in large numbers. Incidence of attrition of about 1%–2% per year is typical across Protestant denominations and among Roman Catholic priests. In addition, contrary to popular conceptions, there is little evidence attrition is particularly high in the first 5 years of congregational ministry. In terms of the reasons for leaving, among Protestants, the most common factor named is conflict with the congregation or denominational system; a smaller number leave to pursue personal goals or to care for family. Among Catholics, loneliness and isolation, tied in major part to the celibacy requirement, are the most significant reasons cited for leaving. Finances or a loss of faith are rarely cited as reasons for leaving among either Catholics or Protestants.
{"title":"Clergy Who Leave Congregational Ministry: A Review of the Literature","authors":"Allison K. Hamm, D. Eagle","doi":"10.1177/00916471211011597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00916471211011597","url":null,"abstract":"Since its inception in the 1960s, research on premature (i.e., pre-retirement) clergy attrition from congregational ministry has focused on identifying the factors that precipitate and mitigate ministry exits, while the rates at which clergy leave the ministry have been inconsistently tracked. The literature on clergy attrition is peppered with claims of alarmingly high rates of departure; however, these studies lack strong empirical support. The evidence, while fragmentary, consistently shows that pastors do not leave congregational ministry in large numbers. Incidence of attrition of about 1%–2% per year is typical across Protestant denominations and among Roman Catholic priests. In addition, contrary to popular conceptions, there is little evidence attrition is particularly high in the first 5 years of congregational ministry. In terms of the reasons for leaving, among Protestants, the most common factor named is conflict with the congregation or denominational system; a smaller number leave to pursue personal goals or to care for family. Among Catholics, loneliness and isolation, tied in major part to the celibacy requirement, are the most significant reasons cited for leaving. Finances or a loss of faith are rarely cited as reasons for leaving among either Catholics or Protestants.","PeriodicalId":46761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00916471211011597","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48638799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1177/00916471211011602
Travis S. Crone, Anisleidy Rivero
Pressure to be thin through thin-idealization norms is something that women contend with daily in today’s world. Increased research has explored the effects this pressure can have on attitudes about the self. Religious beliefs and behaviors have been linked to decreased perceived pressure and positive body attitudes and behaviors. However, religious beliefs and behaviors have also been linked to negative outcomes in this area. This study explores the impact of pressure to be thin from a religious source. One hundred fifty-three women were either presented with pressure statements from a religious source, a family/friend source, or read no pressure statements. Women who read religious pressure statements reported more pressure to be thin than those in the control or family/friend pressure conditions.
{"title":"Pressure to be Thin from a Religious Source Increases Perceived Pressure to be Thin in Women","authors":"Travis S. Crone, Anisleidy Rivero","doi":"10.1177/00916471211011602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00916471211011602","url":null,"abstract":"Pressure to be thin through thin-idealization norms is something that women contend with daily in today’s world. Increased research has explored the effects this pressure can have on attitudes about the self. Religious beliefs and behaviors have been linked to decreased perceived pressure and positive body attitudes and behaviors. However, religious beliefs and behaviors have also been linked to negative outcomes in this area. This study explores the impact of pressure to be thin from a religious source. One hundred fifty-three women were either presented with pressure statements from a religious source, a family/friend source, or read no pressure statements. Women who read religious pressure statements reported more pressure to be thin than those in the control or family/friend pressure conditions.","PeriodicalId":46761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/00916471211011602","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46645244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.1177/0091647121995840
Eric L. Johnson
According to Stark, the motive of God’s glory provided the ideological basis for the Scientific Revolution. Smith argues that by the time that revolution began to spread to the human sciences in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, another revolution was emerging, with which the human sciences have become thoroughly confounded, the Secular Revolution. Following MacIntyre, Johnson suggests that this confounding has created a crisis for the Christian intellectual and soul-care traditions, but one that was largely self-inflicted. One of the consequences of this crisis has been a serious wound/division in the Christian body regarding the relation between the Bible, and its theocentric worldview and way of life, and the current form of psychology and the therapeutic sciences (psychiatry, psychotherapy, and counseling). In this article, reasons are given for imagining one way the glory of God could again become a supreme motive among Christians in Western science, specifically psychology and the therapeutic sciences, that would help to overcome the current biblical knowledge/empirical knowledge dichotomy that afflicts the Christian community in these fields and could unify and empower it to develop Christian alternatives to their mainstream versions.
{"title":"A Doxological Necessity: The Use of Biblical, Philosophical, and Empirical Knowledge to Construct a Comprehensive Christian Psychological and Therapeutic Science","authors":"Eric L. Johnson","doi":"10.1177/0091647121995840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091647121995840","url":null,"abstract":"According to Stark, the motive of God’s glory provided the ideological basis for the Scientific Revolution. Smith argues that by the time that revolution began to spread to the human sciences in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, another revolution was emerging, with which the human sciences have become thoroughly confounded, the Secular Revolution. Following MacIntyre, Johnson suggests that this confounding has created a crisis for the Christian intellectual and soul-care traditions, but one that was largely self-inflicted. One of the consequences of this crisis has been a serious wound/division in the Christian body regarding the relation between the Bible, and its theocentric worldview and way of life, and the current form of psychology and the therapeutic sciences (psychiatry, psychotherapy, and counseling). In this article, reasons are given for imagining one way the glory of God could again become a supreme motive among Christians in Western science, specifically psychology and the therapeutic sciences, that would help to overcome the current biblical knowledge/empirical knowledge dichotomy that afflicts the Christian community in these fields and could unify and empower it to develop Christian alternatives to their mainstream versions.","PeriodicalId":46761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0091647121995840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45693096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0091647121992211
{"title":"Call for Papers for Special Issue of Journal of Psychology and Theology","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/0091647121992211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091647121992211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0091647121992211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42324806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-24DOI: 10.1177/0091647121995836
K. Vanhoozer
One of the traditional perfections of Scripture according to historic Protestant orthodoxy, alongside inspiration, authority, and clarity, is sufficiency. Biblicists have taken this ball and run with it, insisting that everything we need to know, not only for salvation but for much else, is in the Bible. This essay attempts to clarify the concept of Scripture’s sufficiency by reviewing its history and by specifying how, and for what, it is “enough.” This involves distinguishing between formal and material sufficiency, and drawing distinctions between sources, resources, and norms. The paper argues that the sufficiency of Scripture must be understood alongside the principle of sola scriptura, and that the Bible alone is enough for ruling the church’s social imaginary, especially as this concerns the story of what God is doing in creation and redemption. Scripture is sufficient for understanding extra-biblical knowledge in the framework of biblical narrative and for perceiving reality as sustained and directed by the triune God. The essay concludes by offering recommendations for understanding the sufficiency of Scripture both in its proper domain (saving knowledge) and in areas outside its proper domain, such as the natural and social sciences, including psychology.
{"title":"The Sufficiency of Scripture: A Critical and Constructive Account","authors":"K. Vanhoozer","doi":"10.1177/0091647121995836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091647121995836","url":null,"abstract":"One of the traditional perfections of Scripture according to historic Protestant orthodoxy, alongside inspiration, authority, and clarity, is sufficiency. Biblicists have taken this ball and run with it, insisting that everything we need to know, not only for salvation but for much else, is in the Bible. This essay attempts to clarify the concept of Scripture’s sufficiency by reviewing its history and by specifying how, and for what, it is “enough.” This involves distinguishing between formal and material sufficiency, and drawing distinctions between sources, resources, and norms. The paper argues that the sufficiency of Scripture must be understood alongside the principle of sola scriptura, and that the Bible alone is enough for ruling the church’s social imaginary, especially as this concerns the story of what God is doing in creation and redemption. Scripture is sufficient for understanding extra-biblical knowledge in the framework of biblical narrative and for perceiving reality as sustained and directed by the triune God. The essay concludes by offering recommendations for understanding the sufficiency of Scripture both in its proper domain (saving knowledge) and in areas outside its proper domain, such as the natural and social sciences, including psychology.","PeriodicalId":46761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0091647121995836","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43140543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-18DOI: 10.1177/0091647121992426
B. Zarzycka, Kamil Tomaka, K. Zając, Klaudia Marek
Ingratiation refers to acts of flattery, typically given by a low-power person to a high-power one, performed to gain acceptance and approval. This study investigates ingratiation in the religious setting, asking whether people feeling high levels of guilt or shame tend to manifest such ingratiating behavior toward God. The study aimed to examine the mediating role of prayer in the relationship between guilt and shame and ingratiation toward God. A total of 148 respondents (80 women and 68 men) participated in the study. The Religious Ingratiation Scale, the Content of Prayer Scale, and the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale were applied to the research. The results showed that feeling guilty increased the tendency to ingratiation toward God. Prayer was the significant mediator in this relationship. People high in guilt tend to flatter God by offering more adoration and fewer repine prayers.
{"title":"Feeling Guilty and Flattering God: The Mediating Role of Prayer","authors":"B. Zarzycka, Kamil Tomaka, K. Zając, Klaudia Marek","doi":"10.1177/0091647121992426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091647121992426","url":null,"abstract":"Ingratiation refers to acts of flattery, typically given by a low-power person to a high-power one, performed to gain acceptance and approval. This study investigates ingratiation in the religious setting, asking whether people feeling high levels of guilt or shame tend to manifest such ingratiating behavior toward God. The study aimed to examine the mediating role of prayer in the relationship between guilt and shame and ingratiation toward God. A total of 148 respondents (80 women and 68 men) participated in the study. The Religious Ingratiation Scale, the Content of Prayer Scale, and the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale were applied to the research. The results showed that feeling guilty increased the tendency to ingratiation toward God. Prayer was the significant mediator in this relationship. People high in guilt tend to flatter God by offering more adoration and fewer repine prayers.","PeriodicalId":46761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychology and Theology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0091647121992426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42885098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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