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Book Review – Litteraturanmeldelse
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-11-15 DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2022.2144438
Michael Jones
Published in Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography (Vol. 76, No. 5, 2022)
发表于《挪威地理杂志》(第76卷第5期,2022年)
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引用次数: 0
Surya-shakti-sharir: Embodying India’s solar energy transition Surya-shakti-sharir:体现印度的太阳能转型
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-11-08 DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2022.2136584
R. Stock
ABSTRACT Aspiring to India’s COP26 pledge of attaining 500 gigawatts of non-fossil energy capacity by 2030 will entail nothing short of a colossal transformation of rural spaces. Solar park development has already disrupted the lives and livelihoods of marginalized peasants through land dispossession, uneven provisioning of electricity and water resources, dislocation of fuelwood and grazing access, and the diminution of labor opportunities. However, it remains unclear how affected peasants internalize the burdens of decarbonization. The aim of the paper is to address the following questions: How are the geographies of solar energy transitions embodied? How do dispossessed peasants respond affectively? Drawing on feminist political ecology literature and fieldwork that included household surveys and semi-structured interviews, the author finds that the dispossessed embody a range of affective responses, including emotional geographies and embodied resistance, that enable or constrain the place-making of equitable alternative sites of solar energy generation. The author concludes that as India rapidly erects large-scale solar infrastructures—indisputably imperative efforts to confront the climate crisis—the embodiment of injustices suffered by the dispossessed will haunt low-carbon futures.
要实现印度在COP26上的承诺,即到2030年实现500千兆瓦的非化石能源发电能力,就需要对农村空间进行巨大的改造。太阳能园区的开发已经扰乱了边缘农民的生活和生计,包括土地被剥夺、电力和水资源供应不均衡、薪材和放牧渠道的混乱以及劳动力机会的减少。然而,目前尚不清楚受影响的农民如何内化脱碳的负担。本文的目的是解决以下问题:太阳能转换的地理分布是如何体现的?被剥夺土地的农民如何有效地回应?根据女权主义政治生态学文献和包括家庭调查和半结构化访谈在内的实地调查,作者发现,被剥夺者体现了一系列情感反应,包括情感地理和具体抵抗,这些反应使太阳能发电的公平替代地点的选址成为可能或受到限制。作者的结论是,随着印度迅速建立大规模的太阳能基础设施——这无疑是应对气候危机的必要努力——被剥夺者遭受的不公正体现将困扰低碳的未来。
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引用次数: 5
Determinants of responsible innovation for sustainability transition in a developing country: Contested narratives for transition in the Sri Lankan power sector 发展中国家可持续转型中负责任创新的决定因素:斯里兰卡电力部门转型的争议叙述
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-11-08 DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2022.2136108
N. Nagarajah
ABSTRACT Global efforts towards sustainable energy transition remain uneven. Developing countries are embedded in a vulnerable setting requiring rapid but responsible action to meet increasing energy demands due to their specific projected economic and population growth. Consequently, such countries have addressed the challenges of achieving sustainable energy transition differently compared with developed countries with regard to renewable energy development and its governance. Theories of sustainability transition and responsible innovation (RI) have their origin in developed countries, and the application of this Western-centric version has been found incompatible with the contexts of developing countries. The aim of the paper is to explore how contextual understandings of RI are discursively constructed and how such understandings enable or constrain sustainable energy pathways in developing countries. The author draws on empirical evidence relating to the power sector in Sri Lanka and analyses three narratives in play revealed by a qualitative case study. The findings indicate that developing countries must place greater emphasis on aligning technological innovation systems with RI in efforts to achieve sustainability transitions by being vigilant with regard to contextual narratives on RI. The author concludes that prevalent narratives should be regarded as a bridge for linking sustainability transitions to RI.
全球在可持续能源转型方面的努力仍然参差不齐。发展中国家处于脆弱的环境中,需要采取迅速而负责任的行动,以满足由于其具体的预计经济和人口增长而不断增加的能源需求。因此,与发达国家相比,这些国家在可再生能源发展及其治理方面解决了实现可持续能源转型的挑战。可持续转型和负责任创新(RI)理论起源于发达国家,这种以西方为中心的理论的应用与发展中国家的情况不相容。本文的目的是探讨如何通过话语构建对RI的语境理解,以及这种理解如何使发展中国家的可持续能源途径成为可能或受到限制。作者借鉴了与斯里兰卡电力部门有关的经验证据,并分析了定性案例研究揭示的三种叙事。研究结果表明,发展中国家在努力实现可持续转型的过程中,必须更加重视将技术创新系统与可持续发展联系起来,对可持续发展的背景叙述保持警惕。作者的结论是,流行的叙述应该被视为连接可持续性过渡到国际扶轮的桥梁。
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引用次数: 2
Doctoral Thesis Review – Anmeldelse av doktoravhandling
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2022.2120825
Markku Sotarauta, LiseLillebrygfjeld Halse, Arnt Fløysand
Nora Geirsdotter Bækkelund defended her thesis Agency– Context Interaction in Industrial Path Development – A Multidimensional Approach on 16 June 2022, within the recently established PhD programme Responsible Innovation and Regional Development (RESINNREG) at the Western Norway University of Applied Sciences (HVL). The thesis investigates agency in industry path development, and how agency interacts with context. Bækkelund applies a multidimensional approach and analyses three cases of rural tourism path development in Western Norway. The main research question of the thesis is:
Nora Geirsdotter Bækkelund于2022年6月16日在西挪威应用科学大学(HVL)最近成立的博士课程负责任的创新和区域发展(RESINNREG)中为她的论文“机构-工业路径发展中的环境互动-多维方法”进行了辩护。本文研究了行业路径发展中的代理行为,以及代理行为如何与行业环境相互作用。Bækkelund运用多维方法分析了挪威西部乡村旅游路径开发的三个案例。本文的主要研究问题是:
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引用次数: 0
What drives the economic performance of suppliers in global value chains/global production networks – tier, ownership, size, specialization, or region? 在全球价值链/全球生产网络中,是什么驱动着供应商的经济表现——层级、所有权、规模、专业化还是区域?
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2022.2150303
J. Blažek, Anton Lypianin
ABSTRACT The paper investigates the economic performance of Czech electro-engineering companies in relation to their tier, ownership, size, level of specialization, and host region in order to scrutinize one of the key assumptions about functional upgrading, namely that lead firms and higher tier suppliers capture more value than lower tier suppliers. This issue has fundamental policy implications, as global value chain (GVC)/global production network (GPN) policy recommendations revolve mainly around two paradigms: to ‘plug-in’ into GVC/GPN and to ‘move-up the chain’, meaning to upgrade functionally. The paper contributes to the GVC/GPN literature by scrutinizing the underinvestigated electro-engineering industry, accounting for variegated levels of specialization of particular companies in the industry, combining sectoral and regional perspectives (i.e. the modes of strategic coupling), and providing disaggregated data for individual companies instead of values aggregated by tiers. The results show large variation in the economic performance of individual companies, yet ownership and tier are the key factors driving economic results. Companies operating outside the production networks performed strongly in terms of profitability, while maintaining the same level of wages as other domestic companies in the electro-engineering industry. Thus, the authors conclude that ‘plug-in’ imperative should be carefully considered within specific industrial and regional contexts.
摘要本文研究了捷克电气工程公司的经济绩效与其层级、所有权、规模、专业化水平和所在地区的关系,以检验功能升级的一个关键假设,即领先企业和更高层次的供应商比低层次的供应商获得更多的价值。这一问题具有根本性的政策含义,因为全球价值链(GVC)/全球生产网络(GPN)政策建议主要围绕两种范式展开:“插入”到全球价值链/全球生产网络中,以及“向链条上游移动”,即功能升级。本文通过仔细研究未被充分研究的电气工程行业,考虑行业中特定公司的多样化专业化水平,结合部门和区域视角(即战略耦合模式),并提供单个公司的分类数据,而不是按层次汇总的价值,为GVC/GPN文献做出了贡献。结果表明,各个公司的经济绩效差异很大,但所有权和级别是驱动经济绩效的关键因素。在生产网络之外运营的公司在盈利能力方面表现强劲,同时保持与其他国内电子工程行业公司相同的工资水平。因此,作者得出结论,应在特定的工业和地区背景下仔细考虑“插件”的必要性。
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引用次数: 2
Feminist and gender research in Norwegian farming and forestry (landbruk) contexts: Past and future directions 挪威农业和林业(landbruk)背景下的女权主义和性别研究:过去和未来的方向
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2022.2156920
Madeleine Gustavsson, M. Farstad
ABSTRACT Much feminist rural geography to date has centred on understanding gender issues in rural space. Norwegian scholars have been leading the way in identifying new themes and approaches to examining the positions of women and men on farms and in farming communities, which has contributed to important contextual knowledge of gender relations on Norwegian farms, as well as conceptual understandings of farming lives more broadly. The article has the same objective. The authors review the extensive body of literature and identify themes, trajectories, approaches, and concepts used since the 1990s. They find that there were three main periods: 1990s to 1997, with early work that sought to describe gender roles; 1994–2005, when constructivist approaches were used; and the mid-2000s onwards, when researchers ‘branched out’ to study more specific themes. To encourage a widening of feminist perspectives in Norwegian farming and forestry, the authors suggest taking up (1) an intersectional approach in attending to gender, sexuality, class, ethnicity, and ability, (2) a decolonial approach, and (3) a focus on the ‘green transition’. They conclude that, together, these could help to address pressing issues relating to equity, sustainability, and the future of agriculture and forestry in Norwegian contexts.
迄今为止,许多女权主义农村地理学都集中在理解农村空间中的性别问题上。挪威学者在确定新的主题和方法来研究农场和农业社区中女性和男性的地位方面一直处于领先地位,这有助于了解挪威农场性别关系的重要背景知识,以及更广泛地了解农业生活的概念。这篇文章也有同样的目的。作者回顾了大量的文献,并确定了自20世纪90年代以来使用的主题、轨迹、方法和概念。他们发现有三个主要时期:20世纪90年代至1997年,早期的研究试图描述性别角色;1994-2005年,使用建构主义方法;从2000年代中期开始,研究人员开始“扩展”研究更具体的主题。为了鼓励拓宽挪威农业和林业中的女权主义观点,作者建议采取(1)关注性别、性、阶级、种族和能力的交叉方法,(2)非殖民化方法,(3)关注“绿色转型”。他们得出的结论是,这些共同有助于解决与挪威农业和林业的公平、可持续性和未来有关的紧迫问题。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental quality of urban life in small towns: An explorative study of stated and revealed preferences on the periphery of a Czech metropolis 小城镇城市生活的环境质量:一项对捷克大都市外围地区陈述和揭示的偏好的探索性研究
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2022.2125825
Eva Nedorostová, P. Raška, M. Dolejš
ABSTRACT The purpose of the article is to address the gap in approaches to assessing the quality of urban life (QoUL) in small towns, with a particular focus on the environmental dimension of the QoUL concept. The authors examined a statistical relation between life satisfaction and QoUL in small towns, detected the position of the environment among other dimensions of QoUL, and explored the link between the stated and revealed preferences of residents in a small town on the outer margin of the metropolitan area of Prague, the capital of Czechia. The results revealed a pathway to assess trade-offs in QoUL posed by the varying effects of the proximity of small towns to larger urban centres. The discussion focuses on the limitations of exploring stated and revealed preferences regarding the use of the QoUL concept in urban planning. The authors conclude that the worst QoUL compared with overall life satisfaction resulted from the ‘bounding effect’ of those who were socially and economically bound to the study location. Additionally, they conclude that the environmental concerns represented an important but not major dimension of QoUL, as was also reflected in election manifestos and results.
本文的目的是解决小城镇城市生活质量(QoUL)评估方法的差距,特别关注QoUL概念的环境维度。作者研究了小城镇生活满意度与生活质量之间的统计关系,检测了生活质量在其他维度中的位置,并探讨了捷克首都布拉格大都市区外缘的一个小镇居民的陈述和显示偏好之间的联系。研究结果揭示了一种途径,可以评估小城镇与大城市中心的邻近程度所带来的不同影响对城市生活质量的权衡。讨论的重点是探索在城市规划中使用QoUL概念的既定和揭示偏好的局限性。作者得出结论,与总体生活满意度相比,最差的生活质量来自于那些在社会和经济上受到研究地点束缚的人的“束缚效应”。此外,他们得出的结论是,环境问题是一个重要但不是主要的方面,这也反映在选举宣言和结果中。
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引用次数: 0
Informal settlement and urban development discourse in the Global South: Evidence from Ghana 全球南方的非正式住区和城市发展话语:来自加纳的证据
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2022.2113428
Anthony Nkrumah Agyabeng, A. Peprah, J. Mensah, Ernest Mensah
ABSTRACT The growth of informal settlements across the Global South has generated concomitant empirical research, and research attention has focused on a different aspect of informal settlements. However, despite the plethora of literature in the growing field of informal settlements research, there is a paucity of research concerning the contribution of informal settlement dwellers to the economic development of the urban economy, and the perception of informal settlement dwellers and their challenges, particularly in the context of many countries in Africa. The article contributes to fill this gap by examining the contribution of informal dwellers to urban economic development and the challenges they encounter in the process. Based on a case study involving in-depth interviews and focus group discussions in Accra, Ghana, the authors found that despite the challenges confronting informal dwellers and their characteristics, they contributed to urban development through revenue generation, labour provision, and the creation of employment. Furthermore, the findings uncovered context-specific contributions of informal settlements to urban development that helped both policy actors and practitioners. The authors conclude that the findings imply that urban managers should focus on the settlers and recognize the contributions of informal settlements to urban development.
全球南方非正式住区的增长引发了相关的实证研究,研究焦点集中在非正式住区的另一个方面。然而,尽管在非正式住区研究这一日益增长的领域中有大量的文献,但关于非正式住区居民对城市经济的经济发展的贡献,以及对非正式住区居民及其挑战的看法,特别是在非洲许多国家的情况下,缺乏研究。本文通过考察非正式居民对城市经济发展的贡献以及他们在这一过程中遇到的挑战来填补这一空白。基于在加纳阿克拉进行的深入访谈和焦点小组讨论的案例研究,作者发现,尽管非正规居民及其特点面临挑战,但他们通过创收、提供劳动力和创造就业机会为城市发展做出了贡献。此外,调查结果还揭示了非正式住区对城市发展的具体贡献,这对政策行为者和实践者都有帮助。作者的结论是,这些发现意味着城市管理者应该关注定居者,并认识到非正式定居点对城市发展的贡献。
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引用次数: 3
Centre-periphery conflicts and alienation in a resource-based economy 资源型经济中的中心-边缘冲突与异化
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2022.2111270
J. Vik, Eirik Magnus Fuglestad, Emil Øversveen
ABSTRACT Since the early 2010s, increased centre-periphery tensions have arisen across the Western Hemisphere and have had a significant influence on domestic policies. Analysts have explained this as an effect of economic inequalities and rural marginalisation. In this article it is argued that rural upheavals and centre-periphery conflicts can be caused by processes of alienation. The authors’ analysis is based on existing literature and statistics, as well as their own previously published research. From the case of Norway, they suggest that rural and peripheral upheavals can be explained as alienation caused by a combination of two different phenomena: ongoing transitions within the rural political economy of nature-based industries and sectors, and changes in the role of the modern welfare state, towards a state that in several key policy areas withdraws from the peripheries. Combined, these economic and political developments have produced a state of rural alienation and sharpening centre-periphery tensions, even in the absence of marginalisation and increases in economic inequality. In conclusion, the main argument of the article is that combined, such economic and political developments have produced a state of rural alienation and sharpening centre-periphery tensions, even in the absence of marginalisation and increases in economic inequality.
自2010年代初以来,整个西半球的中心-外围紧张局势加剧,并对国内政策产生了重大影响。分析人士将其解释为经济不平等和农村边缘化的影响。本文认为,异化过程可能导致农村动荡和中心-边缘冲突。作者的分析是基于现有的文献和统计数据,以及他们自己之前发表的研究。从挪威的情况来看,他们认为农村和周边地区的动荡可以解释为两种不同现象的结合所造成的异化:以自然为基础的行业和部门的农村政治经济内部正在发生的转变,以及现代福利国家角色的变化,朝着在几个关键政策领域退出外围地区的国家发展。综上所述,这些经济和政治发展已经造成了农村的异化状态,并加剧了中心与边缘的紧张关系,即使没有边缘化和经济不平等的加剧。总之,本文的主要论点是,这种经济和政治发展结合起来,即使在没有边缘化和经济不平等加剧的情况下,也造成了农村异化和中心-边缘紧张关系加剧的状态。
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引用次数: 0
Horizons of expectations and imaginings regarding life in the transnational marriages of Ethiopians in the Amhara Region 对阿姆哈拉地区埃塞俄比亚人跨国婚姻生活的期望和想象的视野
IF 1.4 4区 社会学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2022.2108895
Aschalew Abeje
ABSTRACT Transnational marriage involving urban women from the Amhara Region, Ethiopia, and migrant husbands from abroad has been common in the region since the 1990s. The purpose of the article is to analyse the causes behind the women’s marriage to migrant husbands. Triangulated data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, observations, archive analysis, and questionnaires in Gondar Municipality and Bahir Dar Municipality, from which migrants husbands predominantly originate. The study approached multiple experiences as intersecting mechanisms and revealed transnational marriage as a multicausal process. The findings revealed broad effects, including how poverty was gendered and how gendered economy denied social prospect to induce women to enter into transnational marriage. As economic causes were considered, the phenomenon was not simply about poverty but about information concerning prospects abroad and the recognition of transnational marriage as a migration path without risky options. A further finding was that the ongoing patriarchal order and the pessimism of improved status of women were vital determinants of transnational marriages. The author concludes that given the fragile bargaining power of young women in the Amhara patriarchal setting, marriage to migrants also constitutes the agency and enactments of fathers.
自20世纪90年代以来,埃塞俄比亚阿姆哈拉地区的城市妇女与国外移民丈夫的跨国婚姻在该地区已经很普遍。本文的目的是分析女性嫁给流动丈夫的原因。通过访谈、焦点小组讨论、观察、档案分析和问卷调查,在贡达尔市和巴希尔达尔市收集了三角数据,移民丈夫主要来自这两个城市。该研究将多重经历视为交叉机制,并揭示跨国婚姻是一个多因果过程。调查结果揭示了广泛的影响,包括贫穷如何性别化,性别经济如何剥夺社会前景,以诱使妇女进入跨国婚姻。考虑到经济原因,这种现象不仅与贫穷有关,而且与有关国外前景的信息和承认跨国婚姻是一种没有危险选择的移徙途径有关。另一项发现是,现行的父权秩序和对妇女地位提高的悲观情绪是跨国婚姻的重要决定因素。作者的结论是,鉴于年轻妇女在阿姆哈拉父权制背景下的议价能力脆弱,与移民的婚姻也构成了父亲的代理和立法。
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引用次数: 0
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Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography
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