Pub Date : 2023-05-27DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2023.2227970
Aliyu Salisu Barau
Abstract Nigeria is committed to achieving carbon neutrality by halving its emissions by 2050. It has adopted nature-based solutions to implement its decarbonisation agenda. Nevertheless, as a highly urbanised country, the roles of Nigerian cities, where most emissions are concentrated, have not been clearly outlined. Besides, the one-size-fits-all strategy hardly works for all cities, given their spatial, demographic, economic, social, and ecological differences. Considering these differences, the aim of the article is to explore the potentials of design thinking in co-designing city-specific decarbonisation transition pathways, using the example of Kano City. The author draws on seed ideas co-developed by actors in urban economy, the arts, and environmental and social sciences through three workshops. The participants co-identified indigenous tree species that could support the material needs of tree-based artisan industries. At another level, they co-identified seed ideas to support transition to inclusive and equitable decarbonisation. The main finding is that transition to decarbonisation at city level is achievable through the promotion of tree-based artisanal production, ecosystem restoration, and conservation of indigenous trees. The author concludes that in the case of Kano multidimensional pathways identified could be a good step by the city to complement generic forms of country-level decarbonisation transition strategies.
{"title":"Transitioning to inclusive and nature-based decarbonisaton through recreating tree-based artisanal industries in Kano City, Nigeria","authors":"Aliyu Salisu Barau","doi":"10.1080/00291951.2023.2227970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2023.2227970","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nigeria is committed to achieving carbon neutrality by halving its emissions by 2050. It has adopted nature-based solutions to implement its decarbonisation agenda. Nevertheless, as a highly urbanised country, the roles of Nigerian cities, where most emissions are concentrated, have not been clearly outlined. Besides, the one-size-fits-all strategy hardly works for all cities, given their spatial, demographic, economic, social, and ecological differences. Considering these differences, the aim of the article is to explore the potentials of design thinking in co-designing city-specific decarbonisation transition pathways, using the example of Kano City. The author draws on seed ideas co-developed by actors in urban economy, the arts, and environmental and social sciences through three workshops. The participants co-identified indigenous tree species that could support the material needs of tree-based artisan industries. At another level, they co-identified seed ideas to support transition to inclusive and equitable decarbonisation. The main finding is that transition to decarbonisation at city level is achievable through the promotion of tree-based artisanal production, ecosystem restoration, and conservation of indigenous trees. The author concludes that in the case of Kano multidimensional pathways identified could be a good step by the city to complement generic forms of country-level decarbonisation transition strategies.","PeriodicalId":46764,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography","volume":"24 1","pages":"171 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76379634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2023.2226150
R. Lund, A. Baudouin
ABSTRACT The aim of the article is to show how neocolonial development has led to increasing ‘de-agrarianisation’ despite agricultural expansion, and this is at the expense of peasant production and pastoralism. Based on the authors’ own ethnographic research and literature studies, the article presents two cases of agricultural expansion: the Mahaweli Development Programme in Sri Lanka, aimed at redeveloping small-scale agriculture, and the reorganisation of pastoralist areas into large-scale cash cropping areas in Ethiopia. The authors find that recent agricultural ‘developers’ have failed to acknowledge the role and value of the traditional agrarian economy, as well as the pressure put on small-scale farmers and pastoralists through increasing capitalism in agriculture, land grabbing, and expropriation for agri-business. In conclusion, despite the historical and cultural differences between Sri Lanka and Ethiopia, both countries exemplify how the expropriation of state land under colonialism and after has facilitated the development of capitalist agriculture, involving irrigation, new settlements and migration, cash cropping, land alienation, and external public and private control. In Sri Lanka, increasing capitalism and technical reforms have led to social inequity and de-agrarianisation among small-scale farmers. In Ethiopia, agricultural development has been a political and economic process of alienation and exploitation for pastoralists.
{"title":"Neocolonial agenda: Agrarian transformations in Ethiopia and Sri Lanka","authors":"R. Lund, A. Baudouin","doi":"10.1080/00291951.2023.2226150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2023.2226150","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of the article is to show how neocolonial development has led to increasing ‘de-agrarianisation’ despite agricultural expansion, and this is at the expense of peasant production and pastoralism. Based on the authors’ own ethnographic research and literature studies, the article presents two cases of agricultural expansion: the Mahaweli Development Programme in Sri Lanka, aimed at redeveloping small-scale agriculture, and the reorganisation of pastoralist areas into large-scale cash cropping areas in Ethiopia. The authors find that recent agricultural ‘developers’ have failed to acknowledge the role and value of the traditional agrarian economy, as well as the pressure put on small-scale farmers and pastoralists through increasing capitalism in agriculture, land grabbing, and expropriation for agri-business. In conclusion, despite the historical and cultural differences between Sri Lanka and Ethiopia, both countries exemplify how the expropriation of state land under colonialism and after has facilitated the development of capitalist agriculture, involving irrigation, new settlements and migration, cash cropping, land alienation, and external public and private control. In Sri Lanka, increasing capitalism and technical reforms have led to social inequity and de-agrarianisation among small-scale farmers. In Ethiopia, agricultural development has been a political and economic process of alienation and exploitation for pastoralists.","PeriodicalId":46764,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography","volume":"7 1","pages":"114 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90049096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2023.2217818
Ò. Saladié, Marc Domínguez-Mallafré, A. Domènech, A. Gutiérrez
ABSTRACT This article analyses the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown and mobility restrictions on interurban traffic accidents in Catalonia, Spain, and how accident numbers and their spatiality changed during the post-lockdown and beginning of the ‘new normal’ period. The authors compared the number of interurban traffic accidents in 2020 with those in the four previous years for the entire period (1 January – 30 September 2020) and for three different subperiods: pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown. The results indicate a reduction of almost two-thirds for the entire lockdown period but of more than three-quarters for the hard-lockdown period (first seven weeks). There was an evident rebound in the number of accidents, starting before the end of the lockdown, within a context of flexibilization of mobility restrictions. In September 2020, the number of traffic accidents was the same as in September in the years 2016–2019. The authors conclude that several short-term benefits related to mobility restrictions following the COVID-19 outbreak were lost rapidly in the ‘new normal’ period. They also conclude that the results indicate that some tourist and rural areas have suffered a particular rebound in numbers of accidents during the post-lockdown period.
{"title":"‘Back to the past’: The decline and rebound in traffic accident numbers in Catalonia in the context of COVID-19 lockdown and post-lockdown","authors":"Ò. Saladié, Marc Domínguez-Mallafré, A. Domènech, A. Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1080/00291951.2023.2217818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2023.2217818","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyses the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown and mobility restrictions on interurban traffic accidents in Catalonia, Spain, and how accident numbers and their spatiality changed during the post-lockdown and beginning of the ‘new normal’ period. The authors compared the number of interurban traffic accidents in 2020 with those in the four previous years for the entire period (1 January – 30 September 2020) and for three different subperiods: pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown. The results indicate a reduction of almost two-thirds for the entire lockdown period but of more than three-quarters for the hard-lockdown period (first seven weeks). There was an evident rebound in the number of accidents, starting before the end of the lockdown, within a context of flexibilization of mobility restrictions. In September 2020, the number of traffic accidents was the same as in September in the years 2016–2019. The authors conclude that several short-term benefits related to mobility restrictions following the COVID-19 outbreak were lost rapidly in the ‘new normal’ period. They also conclude that the results indicate that some tourist and rural areas have suffered a particular rebound in numbers of accidents during the post-lockdown period.","PeriodicalId":46764,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography","volume":"112 1","pages":"78 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74145571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-06DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2023.2171316
A. Basiri, Tord Snäll, Thomas Halvorsen
The overarching goal of this thesis is to understand and assess the process of citizen science data collection and to investigate the usefulness and applicability of such data to make inferences about the ecology of species at different scales. The scope of the thesis can generally be placed within the field of ecology, and specifically within biodiversity conservation. While the thesis was written under the supervision of a member of staff at the Department of Geography, NTNU, Benjamin Cretois was also associated with and co-supervised by a member of staff at the Department of Terrestrial Biodiversity, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA). In his thesis, Benjamin Cretois focuses on the role of hunters in generating citizen science data, as they are one of the main groups of contributors to such data collection practices for the purpose of monitoring and management wildlife. Moreover, the data generated by hunters are geographically and thematically broad, covering a wide range of species ecology characteristics. While there are known biases in citizen science data, Cretois argues that by establishing knowledge about how the data are observed, collected, and reported, it is possible to apply statistical techniques to correct for these inherent, unavoidable biases. This can allow unbiased inferences of the ecological measures of interest. In his thesis, Cretois demonstrates this by drawing novel inferences about species ecology at different spatial scales, ranging from continental to local habitat scale, based on crowdsourced hunters data. The empirical and analytical foundations of the thesis are significantly quantitative. Cretois bases his analyses on bibliometric data, simulations, and unstructured citizen science data from the Norwegian Species Observation Service (Artsdatabanken n.d.). His analytical tools include geographic information systems (GIS), exploratory, descriptive, and prescriptive statistics, in particular spatial statistics, and various data visualizations, including a broad range of tables and map-based figures, as well as plots and other illustrations. However, the main contribution of the thesis lies in the methodology, and in particular demonstrating how Bayesian statistics can be used to fit models that account for the inherently hierarchical and biased nature of the data. In keeping with the Norwegian thesis tradition, Part I of the thesis is an overarching synopsis that first introduces the theoretical basis and empirical background, followed by a description of the overall research design and methodology, a summary of the five articles that comprise the second part of the thesis, and finally some concluding remarks and reflections on future research. Part II comprises the articles on which the thesis is based. Part I clearly puts Cretois’s work in context by introducing the main challenges, including the challenges introduced by the use of citizen science data. Thereafter, it describes the data collection proc
{"title":"Doctoral Thesis Review – Anmeldelse av doktoravhandling","authors":"A. Basiri, Tord Snäll, Thomas Halvorsen","doi":"10.1080/00291951.2023.2171316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2023.2171316","url":null,"abstract":"The overarching goal of this thesis is to understand and assess the process of citizen science data collection and to investigate the usefulness and applicability of such data to make inferences about the ecology of species at different scales. The scope of the thesis can generally be placed within the field of ecology, and specifically within biodiversity conservation. While the thesis was written under the supervision of a member of staff at the Department of Geography, NTNU, Benjamin Cretois was also associated with and co-supervised by a member of staff at the Department of Terrestrial Biodiversity, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA). In his thesis, Benjamin Cretois focuses on the role of hunters in generating citizen science data, as they are one of the main groups of contributors to such data collection practices for the purpose of monitoring and management wildlife. Moreover, the data generated by hunters are geographically and thematically broad, covering a wide range of species ecology characteristics. While there are known biases in citizen science data, Cretois argues that by establishing knowledge about how the data are observed, collected, and reported, it is possible to apply statistical techniques to correct for these inherent, unavoidable biases. This can allow unbiased inferences of the ecological measures of interest. In his thesis, Cretois demonstrates this by drawing novel inferences about species ecology at different spatial scales, ranging from continental to local habitat scale, based on crowdsourced hunters data. The empirical and analytical foundations of the thesis are significantly quantitative. Cretois bases his analyses on bibliometric data, simulations, and unstructured citizen science data from the Norwegian Species Observation Service (Artsdatabanken n.d.). His analytical tools include geographic information systems (GIS), exploratory, descriptive, and prescriptive statistics, in particular spatial statistics, and various data visualizations, including a broad range of tables and map-based figures, as well as plots and other illustrations. However, the main contribution of the thesis lies in the methodology, and in particular demonstrating how Bayesian statistics can be used to fit models that account for the inherently hierarchical and biased nature of the data. In keeping with the Norwegian thesis tradition, Part I of the thesis is an overarching synopsis that first introduces the theoretical basis and empirical background, followed by a description of the overall research design and methodology, a summary of the five articles that comprise the second part of the thesis, and finally some concluding remarks and reflections on future research. Part II comprises the articles on which the thesis is based. Part I clearly puts Cretois’s work in context by introducing the main challenges, including the challenges introduced by the use of citizen science data. Thereafter, it describes the data collection proc","PeriodicalId":46764,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography","volume":"30 1","pages":"130 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80223925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-06DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2023.2170827
O. Gnatiuk, Sergei Basik
ABSTRACT The aim of the article is to elucidate the symbolic function of the underexplored geopolitically motivated phenomenon of toponymic solidarity. Based on the critical toponymic approach and the theories of political performativity, the authors examine the toponymic solidarity with Ukraine as a powerful spatial-political technology that emerged globally following the ongoing full-scale Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Drawing upon empirical data from media resources, archival materials, and in-situ observations, they unveil the geopolitical role of performative toponymic solidarity as a form of symbolic toponymic gifting both worldwide and in Ukraine. Concomitantly, two collateral spatial processes are revealed, including toponymic gratefulness as a reciprocal co-performance in Ukraine and toponymic retaliation as a counter-performance in Russia. In conclusion, the article advances the political toponymy literature by expanding the performative understanding of space through the lens of geopolitical place naming/renaming practices of toponymic solidarity.
{"title":"Performing geopolitics of toponymic solidarity: The case of Ukraine","authors":"O. Gnatiuk, Sergei Basik","doi":"10.1080/00291951.2023.2170827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2023.2170827","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of the article is to elucidate the symbolic function of the underexplored geopolitically motivated phenomenon of toponymic solidarity. Based on the critical toponymic approach and the theories of political performativity, the authors examine the toponymic solidarity with Ukraine as a powerful spatial-political technology that emerged globally following the ongoing full-scale Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022. Drawing upon empirical data from media resources, archival materials, and in-situ observations, they unveil the geopolitical role of performative toponymic solidarity as a form of symbolic toponymic gifting both worldwide and in Ukraine. Concomitantly, two collateral spatial processes are revealed, including toponymic gratefulness as a reciprocal co-performance in Ukraine and toponymic retaliation as a counter-performance in Russia. In conclusion, the article advances the political toponymy literature by expanding the performative understanding of space through the lens of geopolitical place naming/renaming practices of toponymic solidarity.","PeriodicalId":46764,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography","volume":"123 1","pages":"63 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76874715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-05DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2023.2168567
Adrian Prigel Jordahl, Richard Reistad, Jason Deegan, M. C. Solheim
ABSTRACT The article examines a key component of regional smart specialisation strategy, namely the entrepreneurial discovery process (EDP) and how it unfolds in three regions in Norway. The authors seek to understand the interpretation and operationalisation of the EDP by conducting a constructivist thematic analysis of regional strategy documents and associated material in Rogaland, Vestland, and Nordland. They find that while similarities exist in the use of the EDP, the regions differ markedly across several key dimensions, most notably the interpretation of the EDP and its implementation across the regions. To have a better understanding of these differences in a region’s EDP, they propose the integration of translation theory with more conventional theoretical approaches on understanding regional policy differences. The authors shed light on the diffuse understandings of the EDP in practice across regions, thereby providing richer evidence of how the interpretations can differ considerably even within one country, and they conclude that this indicates the relevance of translation theory for future regional comparative studies of smart specialisation.
{"title":"Translating in practice: On the role of translation in entrepreneurial discovery processes in Norway","authors":"Adrian Prigel Jordahl, Richard Reistad, Jason Deegan, M. C. Solheim","doi":"10.1080/00291951.2023.2168567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2023.2168567","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article examines a key component of regional smart specialisation strategy, namely the entrepreneurial discovery process (EDP) and how it unfolds in three regions in Norway. The authors seek to understand the interpretation and operationalisation of the EDP by conducting a constructivist thematic analysis of regional strategy documents and associated material in Rogaland, Vestland, and Nordland. They find that while similarities exist in the use of the EDP, the regions differ markedly across several key dimensions, most notably the interpretation of the EDP and its implementation across the regions. To have a better understanding of these differences in a region’s EDP, they propose the integration of translation theory with more conventional theoretical approaches on understanding regional policy differences. The authors shed light on the diffuse understandings of the EDP in practice across regions, thereby providing richer evidence of how the interpretations can differ considerably even within one country, and they conclude that this indicates the relevance of translation theory for future regional comparative studies of smart specialisation.","PeriodicalId":46764,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography","volume":"39 1","pages":"98 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90189282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2023.2192225
Maren Songe Eriksen, Maria Tønnessen Frivold
ABSTRACT The article aims to broaden the understanding of barriers to regional industrial development by focusing on the use and modification of the regional asset base. The authors employ Maskell & Malmberg’s categorisation of assets and they regard asset modification through change agency as a vital part of regional industrial development. They aim both to complement Grabher’s ‘lock-in’ approach and to provide a wider understanding of how barriers can be lowered through their empirical investigation of two specialised regions in Norway, Stavanger and Grenland. The authors address three research questions: What are historically created key regional assets in the two specialised regions? Do the assets function as support or barriers to green path development? If they are barriers, what are key agencies for lowering them? The findings demonstrate that the regional asset base functions both as support and as a barrier. To lower the barriers, both asset reuse and asset creation are deployed by actors in the region. The authors conclude that the article’s two main contributions are that with regard to the regional asset base, a relevant framework can identify possible barriers to regional industrial development, and the finding that barriers can be lowered through asset modification.
{"title":"Barriers to regional industrial development: An analysis of two specialised industrial regions in Norway","authors":"Maren Songe Eriksen, Maria Tønnessen Frivold","doi":"10.1080/00291951.2023.2192225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2023.2192225","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article aims to broaden the understanding of barriers to regional industrial development by focusing on the use and modification of the regional asset base. The authors employ Maskell & Malmberg’s categorisation of assets and they regard asset modification through change agency as a vital part of regional industrial development. They aim both to complement Grabher’s ‘lock-in’ approach and to provide a wider understanding of how barriers can be lowered through their empirical investigation of two specialised regions in Norway, Stavanger and Grenland. The authors address three research questions: What are historically created key regional assets in the two specialised regions? Do the assets function as support or barriers to green path development? If they are barriers, what are key agencies for lowering them? The findings demonstrate that the regional asset base functions both as support and as a barrier. To lower the barriers, both asset reuse and asset creation are deployed by actors in the region. The authors conclude that the article’s two main contributions are that with regard to the regional asset base, a relevant framework can identify possible barriers to regional industrial development, and the finding that barriers can be lowered through asset modification.","PeriodicalId":46764,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography","volume":"823 1","pages":"21 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77540993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2023.2169193
Karin Coenen
ABSTRACT Creativity and geography have received little attention in the literature on responsible innovation. To address these shortcomings, the article places responsible innovation explicitly in a territorial and non-technocentric context by exploring how artist-led social innovation takes ‘responsibility for place’. The article is guided by the following research question: How can artist initiatives shape sustainable regional development in peripheral areas? To address this research question, the author draws on a conceptualization of artist-led social innovation processes geared to ‘deperipheralization’ that is applied to study two initiatives – Ifö Center in Bromölla, Sweden, and Rjukan Solarpunk Academy, in Rjukan, Norway – situated in peripheral old industrial towns. The study reveals a variety of ways by which artists can be agents of change that transform places but at the same time take responsibility for inclusion and participation. The author concludes that through social innovation, artists' initiatives can empower local citizens and other actors to experiment collectively with unconventional ideas related to social and environmental sustainability and take responsibility for place. The social innovations studied have enacted responsibility for development objectives that are intrinsically significant due to an ethos of care in both a temporal sense (care for future) and a spatial sense (care for place).
{"title":"Creatively transforming periphery? Artists’ initiatives, social innovation, and responsibility for place","authors":"Karin Coenen","doi":"10.1080/00291951.2023.2169193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2023.2169193","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Creativity and geography have received little attention in the literature on responsible innovation. To address these shortcomings, the article places responsible innovation explicitly in a territorial and non-technocentric context by exploring how artist-led social innovation takes ‘responsibility for place’. The article is guided by the following research question: How can artist initiatives shape sustainable regional development in peripheral areas? To address this research question, the author draws on a conceptualization of artist-led social innovation processes geared to ‘deperipheralization’ that is applied to study two initiatives – Ifö Center in Bromölla, Sweden, and Rjukan Solarpunk Academy, in Rjukan, Norway – situated in peripheral old industrial towns. The study reveals a variety of ways by which artists can be agents of change that transform places but at the same time take responsibility for inclusion and participation. The author concludes that through social innovation, artists' initiatives can empower local citizens and other actors to experiment collectively with unconventional ideas related to social and environmental sustainability and take responsibility for place. The social innovations studied have enacted responsibility for development objectives that are intrinsically significant due to an ethos of care in both a temporal sense (care for future) and a spatial sense (care for place).","PeriodicalId":46764,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography","volume":"9 1","pages":"47 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84289347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2023.2197622
Joaquín Zenteno Hopp, Matthew Coffay, Emil Tomson Lindfors
ABSTRACT The aim of the paper is to determine how inclusion, as understood in the literature on responsible research and innovation (RRI), should be acknowledged in the global innovation system in Norway for CRISPR salmon. The authors conceptualize inclusion from a systems perspective (i.e., systemic inclusion) and use global innovation systems (GIS) as a conceptual framework. The analysis is based on an actor-network map comprising innovation projects and actors drawn from empirical data by applying socio-technical configuration analysis (STCA). The authors find that inclusion should be addressed by acknowledging that CRISPR salmon innovation is performed in a market-anchored GIS. This means that “footloose” knowledge should be prioritized in order to understand the problems that CRISPR innovation aims to tackle and the type of risks that it implies, but also that local valuations should be prioritized in order to build a functional legal and market structure along with local social concerns. The authors conclude that the approach is necessary because although it is recognized that the inclusion of new and diverse perspectives needs to be done strategically when innovating with CRISPR technology, there is no clear rationale that can help when defining a strategy for who should be included and why.
{"title":"Inclusion in the global innovation system for CRISPR salmon in Norway","authors":"Joaquín Zenteno Hopp, Matthew Coffay, Emil Tomson Lindfors","doi":"10.1080/00291951.2023.2197622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2023.2197622","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of the paper is to determine how inclusion, as understood in the literature on responsible research and innovation (RRI), should be acknowledged in the global innovation system in Norway for CRISPR salmon. The authors conceptualize inclusion from a systems perspective (i.e., systemic inclusion) and use global innovation systems (GIS) as a conceptual framework. The analysis is based on an actor-network map comprising innovation projects and actors drawn from empirical data by applying socio-technical configuration analysis (STCA). The authors find that inclusion should be addressed by acknowledging that CRISPR salmon innovation is performed in a market-anchored GIS. This means that “footloose” knowledge should be prioritized in order to understand the problems that CRISPR innovation aims to tackle and the type of risks that it implies, but also that local valuations should be prioritized in order to build a functional legal and market structure along with local social concerns. The authors conclude that the approach is necessary because although it is recognized that the inclusion of new and diverse perspectives needs to be done strategically when innovating with CRISPR technology, there is no clear rationale that can help when defining a strategy for who should be included and why.","PeriodicalId":46764,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography","volume":"56 1","pages":"10 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90116728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2023.2204867
Svein Gunnar Sjøtun, M. C. Solheim
Innovation is a driving force of productivity and economic growth. However, it is simultaneously part of a techno-scientific paradigm (Benissa & Funtowicz 2015) in which innovation-fuelled economic growth also leads to increased risk and environmental degradation (Beck 1992; Giddens 1999). Recent research, such as that by Coad et al. (2021) and Biggi & Guiliani (2021), highlight these ‘dark sides of innovation’. A review by Biggi & Guiliani (2021) identifies five strands of extant research comprising varying aspects of the harmful implications of innovation: (1) work-related consequences of technology acceptance, (2) unsustainable transitions, (3) innovation and growth downside effects, (4) the risks of emerging technologies, and (5) open innovation’s dark side. Concomitant to the identification of the five strands extant research is the emergence of standardisation in contemporary innovation studies, policies, and practices. The ‘directionality’ of innovations and the methods by which mission-oriented policies aim to deal with ‘grand challenges’, such as the climate crisis and sustainable and inclusive growth (Mazzucato 2018), are prioritised. For example, innovation policies and practices, and their evolution have been categorised into three frames or phases (Schot & Steinmueller 2018). The first phase (dominant in the 1960s–1980s) focused on research and development (R&D), regulations and market failures; innovation processes were considered linear. The second phase (dominant from the 1990s and up to the present) designated innovation systems as an interaction between private, public, and R&D contributions and system failures, resulting in a dynamic and interactive focus on innovation. The third and current phase concentrates on normative innovation processes and policies and how they can induce ‘transformative change’. Therefore, ‘responsible research and innovation’ (RRI) has become an important framework towards increased sustainability or responsibility in the governance of science (Owen et al. 2012; Stilgoe et al. 2013; Stilgoe & Guston n.d.). RRI focuses on the methods by which processes and practices can improve the ethical, inclusive, and sustainable components of innovation through the emphasis on four factors: anticipation, reflexivity, inclusion, and responsiveness (Stilgoe et al. 2013). Despite the relevance of the RRI framework, RRI has been criticised by several authors (Jakobsen et al. 2019, Uyarra et al. 2019, L. Coenen & Morgan 2020) for having a narrow definition in terms of science and research, microscales, and instrumentality, as well as lacking clarity in relation to both theory and practice (Owen et al. 2013). Therefore, it is unclear whether, as a concept, RRI constitutes an ideal, strategy, discourse or discipline (Koops 2015). Moreover, the contextual underpinnings of RRI should be clarified, since it has mainly been applied to analyse ‘obvious’ controversial innovations and technologies, such as those of biotechnolog
创新是生产力和经济增长的动力。然而，它同时也是技术-科学范式的一部分(Benissa & Funtowicz 2015)，其中创新驱动的经济增长也导致风险增加和环境退化(Beck 1992;吉登斯1999年)。最近的研究，如Coad等人(2021)和Biggi & Guiliani(2021)的研究，强调了这些“创新的黑暗面”。Biggi & Guiliani(2021)的一篇综述确定了现有研究的五个方面，包括创新有害影响的不同方面:(1)技术接受对工作的影响;(2)不可持续的转型;(3)创新和增长的下行影响;(4)新兴技术的风险;(5)开放式创新的阴暗面。在确定现有研究的五个方面的同时，在当代创新研究、政策和实践中出现了标准化。优先考虑创新的“方向性”，以及以任务为导向的政策旨在应对气候危机、可持续和包容性增长等“重大挑战”的方法(Mazzucato 2018)。例如，创新政策和实践及其演变被分为三个框架或阶段(Schot & Steinmueller 2018)。第一阶段(在20世纪60年代至80年代占主导地位)侧重于研究与开发(R&D)、法规和市场失灵;创新过程被认为是线性的。第二阶段(从20世纪90年代到现在占主导地位)将创新系统指定为私人、公共和研发贡献与系统失败之间的互动，导致对创新的动态和互动关注。第三阶段和目前的阶段集中在规范的创新过程和政策，以及它们如何能引起“变革”。因此，“负责任的研究与创新”(RRI)已成为科学治理中增加可持续性或责任的重要框架(Owen et al. 2012;Stilgoe et al. 2013;Stilgoe & Guston n.d.)。RRI侧重于流程和实践通过强调四个因素来改善创新的伦理、包容性和可持续性组成部分的方法:预期、反思性、包容性和响应性(Stilgoe et al. 2013)。尽管RRI框架具有相关性，但几位作者(Jakobsen et al. 2019, Uyarra et al. 2019, L. Coenen & Morgan 2020)批评RRI在科学和研究、微观尺度和工具方面的定义过于狭隘，并且在理论和实践方面缺乏清晰度(Owen et al. 2013)。因此，作为一个概念，RRI是否构成理想、策略、话语或学科尚不清楚(Koops 2015)。此外，应该澄清RRI的背景基础，因为它主要用于分析“明显的”有争议的创新和技术，例如生物技术和基因修饰的创新和技术，这些创新和技术往往具有很强的“自上而下”的重点。对背景的更加关注可以确定RRI如何在不同的地理位置发展(例如技术、经济、文化、社会政治)，不同位置对RRI过程和结果的影响，以及RRI对这些地区的影响(Jakobsen等人，2019)。这导致通过“负责任的创新”(RI)倡议对创新过程进行更广泛的概念化(例如，在现实环境中应如何实践或履行责任)(Jakobsen等人，2019;Thapa et al. 2019;L. Coenen & Morgan 2020)。这篇扩展社论的目的是探索负责任创新的不同地域，并为国际扶轮找出途径，以便更丰富地了解这个概念，以便进行教育
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