Patrick Carré, Florence Lacoste, Jean-Noël Arnaud, Loïc Leitner, Julie Roiz
As there is a lack of regulations on pesticide levels in crude oils, this study aimed to evaluate transfer factors for extrapolating concentration limits established for maize kernels to the crude oils extracted from their germs. Maize kernels were spiked with 4 organophosphates insecticides (chlorpyriphos, chlorpyriphos-methyl, fenitrothion, pirimiphos-methyl), 2 pyrethroids (cypermethrin and deltamethrin) and a pyrethroid synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PB) targeting a dose of 1 mg/kg grain. The kernels were transformed in a pilot starch-mill to separate the germs (wet-milling) then these germs underwent an oil extraction process in a mini-pilot comprising a thermal conditioning stage, a mechanical extraction followed by a solvent extraction and a desolventization-toasting stage for the meal. Analyses were carried out by gas chromatography coupled to MS/MS detector. The pesticides content was measured on kernels, spiked kernels, germ, crude oil and meal. Surprisingly, a significant difference in behavior was observed between organophosphates and pyrethroids in the transition from grain to germ. For the former, the applied pesticides were recovered at levels between 48% and 81% in the germ, compared to only 9–11% for the latter and 31% for PB. It has been shown by means of acetonitrile washing on spiked seeds that the pyrethroids remained bound to the hydrophobic cuticle of the grains. On the other hand, from the germ to the oil, the initial hypothesis of an almost total transfer of the pesticides in the fat fraction of the material was confirmed. The germ to meal concentration ratios were on average 0.019, 0.065 and 0.109 for organophosphates, PB and pyrethroids respectively. In the same order, the concentration ratios between germ and crude oil were 1.87, 1.98 and 2.17. Grain to final oil transfer factors ranged from 7.4 to 12.7 for organophosphates, 4.8 for PB and 1.4 and 1.7 for cypermethrin and deltamethrin respectively.
{"title":"Experimental determination of pesticide processing factor during extraction of maize germ oil","authors":"Patrick Carré, Florence Lacoste, Jean-Noël Arnaud, Loïc Leitner, Julie Roiz","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2023021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2023021","url":null,"abstract":"As there is a lack of regulations on pesticide levels in crude oils, this study aimed to evaluate transfer factors for extrapolating concentration limits established for maize kernels to the crude oils extracted from their germs. Maize kernels were spiked with 4 organophosphates insecticides (chlorpyriphos, chlorpyriphos-methyl, fenitrothion, pirimiphos-methyl), 2 pyrethroids (cypermethrin and deltamethrin) and a pyrethroid synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PB) targeting a dose of 1 mg/kg grain. The kernels were transformed in a pilot starch-mill to separate the germs (wet-milling) then these germs underwent an oil extraction process in a mini-pilot comprising a thermal conditioning stage, a mechanical extraction followed by a solvent extraction and a desolventization-toasting stage for the meal. Analyses were carried out by gas chromatography coupled to MS/MS detector. The pesticides content was measured on kernels, spiked kernels, germ, crude oil and meal. Surprisingly, a significant difference in behavior was observed between organophosphates and pyrethroids in the transition from grain to germ. For the former, the applied pesticides were recovered at levels between 48% and 81% in the germ, compared to only 9–11% for the latter and 31% for PB. It has been shown by means of acetonitrile washing on spiked seeds that the pyrethroids remained bound to the hydrophobic cuticle of the grains. On the other hand, from the germ to the oil, the initial hypothesis of an almost total transfer of the pesticides in the fat fraction of the material was confirmed. The germ to meal concentration ratios were on average 0.019, 0.065 and 0.109 for organophosphates, PB and pyrethroids respectively. In the same order, the concentration ratios between germ and crude oil were 1.87, 1.98 and 2.17. Grain to final oil transfer factors ranged from 7.4 to 12.7 for organophosphates, 4.8 for PB and 1.4 and 1.7 for cypermethrin and deltamethrin respectively.","PeriodicalId":46801,"journal":{"name":"OCL-Oilseeds and Fats Crops and Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134884490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neurons have a high energy need, requiring a continuous supply of glucose from the blood. Tight regulation of glucose metabolism in response to stimuli is essential for brain physiology. Glucose metabolism and cerebral blood flow are closely coordinated during neuronal activity to maintain proper brain function. Glucose uptake across the blood - brain barrier is facilitated by a carrier protein: the GLUT-1 transporter. The first way the body meets urgent demand for glucose is to increase the blood flow through vasodilatory responses generated by nitric oxide. If that is insufficient, the second way is to increase the density of GLUT-1 through the translocation of this transporter from intracellular stores. The third pathway is to increase GLUT-1 synthesis by stimulating SLC2A1 (GLUT-1 gene) transcription. A tandem of two key molecules, free estradiol and DHA, is involved in this critical regulation. Their relationship is synergistic and reciprocal: free estradiol with genomic and non-genomic actions via ERα, and DHA via the PPARα-RXRα and PPARɣ-RXRα heterodimers. We highlight several original mechanisms linking two main principles (neuronal stimulation and brain energy metabolism) with the fundamental roles played by DHA and free estradiol. In particular, it has been shown that from a certain level of chronic DHA deficiency, a permanent imbalance sets in with disturbances in glucose intake and brain metabolism. This DHA deficiency is an aggravating factor in some neuropathologies.
{"title":"DHA (omega-3 fatty acid) and estradiol: key roles in regional cerebral glucose uptake","authors":"Didier Majou, Anne-Lise Dermenghem","doi":"10.1051/ocl/2023023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2023023","url":null,"abstract":"Neurons have a high energy need, requiring a continuous supply of glucose from the blood. Tight regulation of glucose metabolism in response to stimuli is essential for brain physiology. Glucose metabolism and cerebral blood flow are closely coordinated during neuronal activity to maintain proper brain function. Glucose uptake across the blood - brain barrier is facilitated by a carrier protein: the GLUT-1 transporter. The first way the body meets urgent demand for glucose is to increase the blood flow through vasodilatory responses generated by nitric oxide. If that is insufficient, the second way is to increase the density of GLUT-1 through the translocation of this transporter from intracellular stores. The third pathway is to increase GLUT-1 synthesis by stimulating SLC2A1 (GLUT-1 gene) transcription. A tandem of two key molecules, free estradiol and DHA, is involved in this critical regulation. Their relationship is synergistic and reciprocal: free estradiol with genomic and non-genomic actions via ERα, and DHA via the PPARα-RXRα and PPARɣ-RXRα heterodimers. We highlight several original mechanisms linking two main principles (neuronal stimulation and brain energy metabolism) with the fundamental roles played by DHA and free estradiol. In particular, it has been shown that from a certain level of chronic DHA deficiency, a permanent imbalance sets in with disturbances in glucose intake and brain metabolism. This DHA deficiency is an aggravating factor in some neuropathologies.","PeriodicalId":46801,"journal":{"name":"OCL-Oilseeds and Fats Crops and Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135446663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Mansouri, A. B. Moumen, G. Richard, M. Fauconnier, M. Sindic, A. Elamrani, H. S. Caid
The purpose of this study is to complete our work on the characterization of four safflower varieties produced in the oriental region of Morocco by determining the composition of their meals. This characterization was carried out by analyzing proteins, amino acids, fibers, carbohydrates and mineral elements. The results show that the protein content varies in a range of 17.06–27.05%, fibers 63.45–69.97%, carbohydrates 12.40–17.07% and ash 3.11–3.60% on dry weight basis. The most abundant amino acid in the studied safflower meals is glutamic acid (3.19–3.89% of dry matter), while lysine and methionine are the least abundant. Cellulose and hemicellulose are the most representative fibers (28.16–31.35% and 21.04–21.68% of dry matter, respectively). The main carbohydrate is xylose, whose content varies between 10.56–14.31% of dry matter. The results also show that the studied safflower meals constitute a good source of potassium (6.32–9.51 g kg −1 of dry matter), phosphorus (2.35–4.60 g kg −1 ), magnesium (2.25–4.25 g kg −1 ) and calcium (1.53–1.72 g kg −1 ). Amongst the identified microelements, iron is the major element in all the analyzed samples (53–125 mg kg −1 ). Moreover, the majority of the studied analytical parameters were strongly influenced by the cultivar factor ( p < 0.05). In view of these analyses and pasture shortage, especially during the dry seasons in Morocco, the meal obtained from oil extraction from safflower seeds can be upgraded by the formulation of new animal feed products in this region.
本研究的目的是通过确定其膳食成分来完成我们对摩洛哥东方地区生产的四种红花品种的表征工作。这种表征是通过分析蛋白质、氨基酸、纤维、碳水化合物和矿物元素来实现的。结果表明:以干重计，蛋白质含量为17.06 ~ 27.05%，纤维含量为63.45 ~ 69.97%，碳水化合物含量为12.40 ~ 17.07%，灰分含量为3.11 ~ 3.60%。红花粕中氨基酸含量最高的是谷氨酸(占干物质的3.19-3.89%)，赖氨酸和蛋氨酸含量最低。纤维素和半纤维素是最具代表性的纤维，分别占干物质的28.16-31.35%和21.04-21.68%。主要碳水化合物为木糖，其含量为干物质的10.56 ~ 14.31%。结果还表明，所研究的红花粕是钾(6.32 ~ 9.51 g kg−1)、磷(2.35 ~ 4.60 g kg−1)、镁(2.25 ~ 4.25 g kg−1)和钙(1.53 ~ 1.72 g kg−1)的良好来源。在所鉴定的微量元素中，铁是所有分析样品中的主要元素(53-125 mg kg - 1)。品种因素对大部分分析参数有显著影响(p < 0.05)。鉴于这些分析和牧草短缺，特别是在摩洛哥的旱季，从红花种子中提取油获得的饲料可以通过制定新的动物饲料产品在该地区升级。
{"title":"Proximate composition, amino acid profile, carbohydrate and mineral content of seed meals from four safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) varieties grown in north-eastern Morocco","authors":"F. Mansouri, A. B. Moumen, G. Richard, M. Fauconnier, M. Sindic, A. Elamrani, H. S. Caid","doi":"10.1051/OCL/2018001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL/2018001","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to complete our work on the characterization of four safflower varieties produced in the oriental region of Morocco by determining the composition of their meals. This characterization was carried out by analyzing proteins, amino acids, fibers, carbohydrates and mineral elements. The results show that the protein content varies in a range of 17.06–27.05%, fibers 63.45–69.97%, carbohydrates 12.40–17.07% and ash 3.11–3.60% on dry weight basis. The most abundant amino acid in the studied safflower meals is glutamic acid (3.19–3.89% of dry matter), while lysine and methionine are the least abundant. Cellulose and hemicellulose are the most representative fibers (28.16–31.35% and 21.04–21.68% of dry matter, respectively). The main carbohydrate is xylose, whose content varies between 10.56–14.31% of dry matter. The results also show that the studied safflower meals constitute a good source of potassium (6.32–9.51 g kg −1 of dry matter), phosphorus (2.35–4.60 g kg −1 ), magnesium (2.25–4.25 g kg −1 ) and calcium (1.53–1.72 g kg −1 ). Amongst the identified microelements, iron is the major element in all the analyzed samples (53–125 mg kg −1 ). Moreover, the majority of the studied analytical parameters were strongly influenced by the cultivar factor ( p < 0.05). In view of these analyses and pasture shortage, especially during the dry seasons in Morocco, the meal obtained from oil extraction from safflower seeds can be upgraded by the formulation of new animal feed products in this region.","PeriodicalId":46801,"journal":{"name":"OCL-Oilseeds and Fats Crops and Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73068782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Colza et tournesol sont des cultures entomophiles semées chaque année sur près de 2millions d’hectares en France. Produisant du nectar et du pollen en quantité, elles constituent des ressources substantielles pour les insectes pollinisateurs, au moment même où l’on assiste à un déclin généralisé de leurs populations (Potts et al., 2010 ; Goulson et al., 2015). Cette ressource massive est de plus à l’origine d’une activité économique, la production de miel, et autres produits de la ruche grâce à l’abeille mellifère. La relation entre la faune pollinisatrice et les cultures oléoprotéagineuses est par définition bénéfique pour chacune des parties dans la mesure où en collectant nectar et pollen, les insectes participent à la pollinisation. Cependant, la question de savoir dans quelle mesure cette interaction est profitable aux abeilles et aussi à la production grainière reste sujette à débats et fait l’objet de travaux de recherches parfois contradictoires (Kamler et Jas, 2003 ; Bommarco et al., 2012 ; Lindström et al., 2015). Au travers d’études en parcelles expérimentales ou sur des cas territoriaux, les instituts techniques, la recherche publique, les associations de développements apicoles et certaines structures coopératives unissent leurs moyens et leurs compétences pour tenter de répondre à un certain nombre de questions, généralement sur des territoires où la production de miel est devenue difficile. Ainsi, dans ce numéro d’OCL, des thématiques clés seront abordées afin de permettre au lecteur de mieux en appréhender les tenants et aboutissants : (i) la ressource alimentaire produite par les cultures pour les insectes (Chabert et al., 2017 voir aussi Cerrutti et Pontet, 2016) ; (ii) la contribution de la pollinisation entomophile au rendement du tournesol (Fougeroux et al., 2017) ; (iii) les déterminants des performances des colonies d’abeilles mellifères (Kretzschmar et Frontero, 2017) ; (iv) la co-conception de systèmes de cultures favorables à la production agricole et à la production de miel grâce à la concertation territoriale entre apiculteurs et agriculteurs (Gourrat, 2017). Apiculture et agriculture, deux activités de production dépendantes l’une de l’autre ont pourtant des relations mouvementées notamment en raison des pratiques d’épandages des produits phytosanitaires et de leur évolution au cours des trente dernières années (Lagarde, 2017). Sur le modèle de la production de semences hybride qui a compris depuis longtemps la nécessaire collaboration entre apiculteurs et agriculteurs (Conjeaud et Filiol, 2017), il est nécessaire que les deux professions renforcent leur dialogue et prennent en compte leurs intérêts et contraintes respectives.
油菜和向日葵是昆虫作物，每年在法国种植近200万公顷。它们产生大量的花蜜和花粉，是授粉昆虫的重要资源，而此时它们的数量正在普遍下降(Potts et al.， 2010;Goulson等人，2015)。这种巨大的资源也是经济活动的起源，蜂蜜和其他蜂箱产品的生产多亏了蜜蜂。从定义上讲，授粉动物群和油料作物之间的关系对双方都是有益的，因为昆虫通过收集花蜜和花粉参与授粉。然而，这种相互作用在多大程度上有利于蜜蜂和种子生产的问题仍然存在争议，有时是相互矛盾的研究(Kamler和Jas, 2003;Bommarco等人，2012;lindstrom等人，2015)。案例研究的试验田,还是通过空间技术研究院、公共研究,发展养蜂协会和一些合作社纽带的能力和技能结构,试图回答一些问题,通常所在的领土上生产蜂蜜变得困难。因此，在本期ocl中，将讨论关键主题，以帮助读者更好地理解其含义:(i)作物为昆虫生产的食物资源(Chabert et al.， 2017，参见Cerrutti和Pontet, 2016);(ii)昆虫授粉对向日葵产量的贡献(Fougeroux et al.， 2017);(iii)蜂群性能的决定因素(Kretzschmar和Frontero, 2017);(iv)通过养蜂人和农民之间的领土协调，共同设计有利于农业生产和蜂蜜生产的种植系统(Gourrat, 2017)。然而，养蜂和农业这两种相互依赖的生产活动之间的关系并不稳定，特别是由于植物保护产品的传播做法及其在过去30年的演变(Lagarde, 2017)。杂交种子生产模式长期以来包括养蜂人和农民之间的必要合作(Conjeaud和Filiol, 2017)，两种职业有必要加强对话，考虑各自的利益和限制。
{"title":"Abeilles et cultures oléoprotéagineuses : vers une meilleure compréhension de leurs interactions","authors":"Nicolas Cerrutti","doi":"10.1051/OCL/2017053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL/2017053","url":null,"abstract":"Colza et tournesol sont des cultures entomophiles semées chaque année sur près de 2millions d’hectares en France. Produisant du nectar et du pollen en quantité, elles constituent des ressources substantielles pour les insectes pollinisateurs, au moment même où l’on assiste à un déclin généralisé de leurs populations (Potts et al., 2010 ; Goulson et al., 2015). Cette ressource massive est de plus à l’origine d’une activité économique, la production de miel, et autres produits de la ruche grâce à l’abeille mellifère. La relation entre la faune pollinisatrice et les cultures oléoprotéagineuses est par définition bénéfique pour chacune des parties dans la mesure où en collectant nectar et pollen, les insectes participent à la pollinisation. Cependant, la question de savoir dans quelle mesure cette interaction est profitable aux abeilles et aussi à la production grainière reste sujette à débats et fait l’objet de travaux de recherches parfois contradictoires (Kamler et Jas, 2003 ; Bommarco et al., 2012 ; Lindström et al., 2015). Au travers d’études en parcelles expérimentales ou sur des cas territoriaux, les instituts techniques, la recherche publique, les associations de développements apicoles et certaines structures coopératives unissent leurs moyens et leurs compétences pour tenter de répondre à un certain nombre de questions, généralement sur des territoires où la production de miel est devenue difficile. Ainsi, dans ce numéro d’OCL, des thématiques clés seront abordées afin de permettre au lecteur de mieux en appréhender les tenants et aboutissants : (i) la ressource alimentaire produite par les cultures pour les insectes (Chabert et al., 2017 voir aussi Cerrutti et Pontet, 2016) ; (ii) la contribution de la pollinisation entomophile au rendement du tournesol (Fougeroux et al., 2017) ; (iii) les déterminants des performances des colonies d’abeilles mellifères (Kretzschmar et Frontero, 2017) ; (iv) la co-conception de systèmes de cultures favorables à la production agricole et à la production de miel grâce à la concertation territoriale entre apiculteurs et agriculteurs (Gourrat, 2017). Apiculture et agriculture, deux activités de production dépendantes l’une de l’autre ont pourtant des relations mouvementées notamment en raison des pratiques d’épandages des produits phytosanitaires et de leur évolution au cours des trente dernières années (Lagarde, 2017). Sur le modèle de la production de semences hybride qui a compris depuis longtemps la nécessaire collaboration entre apiculteurs et agriculteurs (Conjeaud et Filiol, 2017), il est nécessaire que les deux professions renforcent leur dialogue et prennent en compte leurs intérêts et contraintes respectives.","PeriodicalId":46801,"journal":{"name":"OCL-Oilseeds and Fats Crops and Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75737307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Mansouri, A. B. Moumen, G. Richard, M. Fauconnier, M. Sindic, H. S. Caid, A. Elamrani
The purpose of this study is the evaluation of flavor profiles of monovarietal virgin olive oils (VOO) produced in the Oriental region of Morocco via the characterization of volatile compounds, using SPME-GC/MS technique, and the determination of total phenolic content (colorimetric method). The study concerns oils of three European olive cultivars ( Arbosana , Arbequina and Koroneiki ) which were recently introduced in Morocco under irrigated high-density plantation system. GC/MS aroma profiles of analyzed VOOs showed the presence of 35 volatile compounds. The major compounds in such oils are C6 compounds produced from linoleic and linolenic acids via lipoxygenase pathway such as trans -2-hexenal, cis -2-hexenal, cis -3-hexen-1-ol, trans -3-hexen-1-ol, trans -3-hexen-1-ol acetate, hexanal and 1-hexanol in different proportions depending on the cultivar ( p Arbequina oil has a high proportion of compounds with sensory notes “green” and “sweet” giving it a fruity sensation compared to Arbosana and Koroneiki . In parallel, Arbosana and Koroneiki oils are rich in phenolic compounds and provide relatively bitter and pungent tastes to these oils.
{"title":"Flavor profiles of monovarietal virgin olive oils produced in the Oriental region of Morocco","authors":"F. Mansouri, A. B. Moumen, G. Richard, M. Fauconnier, M. Sindic, H. S. Caid, A. Elamrani","doi":"10.1051/OCL/2017012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL/2017012","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is the evaluation of flavor profiles of monovarietal virgin olive oils (VOO) produced in the Oriental region of Morocco via the characterization of volatile compounds, using SPME-GC/MS technique, and the determination of total phenolic content (colorimetric method). The study concerns oils of three European olive cultivars ( Arbosana , Arbequina and Koroneiki ) which were recently introduced in Morocco under irrigated high-density plantation system. GC/MS aroma profiles of analyzed VOOs showed the presence of 35 volatile compounds. The major compounds in such oils are C6 compounds produced from linoleic and linolenic acids via lipoxygenase pathway such as trans -2-hexenal, cis -2-hexenal, cis -3-hexen-1-ol, trans -3-hexen-1-ol, trans -3-hexen-1-ol acetate, hexanal and 1-hexanol in different proportions depending on the cultivar ( p Arbequina oil has a high proportion of compounds with sensory notes “green” and “sweet” giving it a fruity sensation compared to Arbosana and Koroneiki . In parallel, Arbosana and Koroneiki oils are rich in phenolic compounds and provide relatively bitter and pungent tastes to these oils.","PeriodicalId":46801,"journal":{"name":"OCL-Oilseeds and Fats Crops and Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78312716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bien loin d'une simple fusion entre agronomie et ecologie, l'agroecologie apparait comme un projet innovant, qui se positionne a la fois dans le champ des sciences de la nature, des sciences economiques et sociales, de la politique et de l'action. L'agroecologie nous conduit a explorer de nouveaux champs de savoir, aux interfaces entre disciplines, sur les impacts agronomiques des regulations biologiques autant que sur les systemes socioecologiques. Mais, plus encore, elle nous engage a faire evoluer nos manieres de travailler : developper les approches systemiques, en renoncant aux seduisantes simplifications du type « un probleme, un intrant » ; revaloriser les savoirs locaux et les mettre en synergie avec les savoirs scientifiques ; decloisonner l'innovation, en repositionnant l'agriculture au sein des territoires et des systemes alimentaires ; enfin, favoriser les dynamiques d'apprentissage individuel et collectif, source d'innovation et d'adaptation aux situations locales.
{"title":"L'agroécologie, un nouveau rapport aux savoirs et à l'innovation","authors":"J. Meynard","doi":"10.1051/OCL/2017021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL/2017021","url":null,"abstract":"Bien loin d'une simple fusion entre agronomie et ecologie, l'agroecologie apparait comme un projet innovant, qui se positionne a la fois dans le champ des sciences de la nature, des sciences economiques et sociales, de la politique et de l'action. L'agroecologie nous conduit a explorer de nouveaux champs de savoir, aux interfaces entre disciplines, sur les impacts agronomiques des regulations biologiques autant que sur les systemes socioecologiques. Mais, plus encore, elle nous engage a faire evoluer nos manieres de travailler : developper les approches systemiques, en renoncant aux seduisantes simplifications du type « un probleme, un intrant » ; revaloriser les savoirs locaux et les mettre en synergie avec les savoirs scientifiques ; decloisonner l'innovation, en repositionnant l'agriculture au sein des territoires et des systemes alimentaires ; enfin, favoriser les dynamiques d'apprentissage individuel et collectif, source d'innovation et d'adaptation aux situations locales.","PeriodicalId":46801,"journal":{"name":"OCL-Oilseeds and Fats Crops and Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78158585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claire Bourlieu-Lacanal, A. Deglaire, S. D. Oliveira, O. Ménard, Y. Gouar, F. Carrière, D. Dupont
Lipids of human milk or infant formula convey most of the energy necessary to support the newborn growth. Until recently, infant formula chemical composition had been optimized but not their structure. And yet, more and more proofs of evidence have shown that lipids structure in human milk modulates digestion kinetics and is involved in metabolic programming. Indeed there is a striking difference of structure between human milk which is an emulsion based on dispersed milk fat globules (4 μm) secreted by the mammary gland and submicronic neoformed lipid droplets (0.5 μm) found in infant formula. These droplets result from a series of operation units. This difference of structure modifies digestion kinetics and emulsion disintegration in the intestinal tract of the newborn. This difference persists along gastric phase which is mainly dominated by acid and enzyme-induced aggregation. Lipid droplets size is thus the key parameter to control gastric lipolysis and emptying and intestinal lipolysis. This parameter also controls proteolysis since adsorbed proteins are more rapidly hydrolyzed than when in solution. In animal models, these differences of lipid structure would also impact digestive and immune systems' maturation and microbiota. Lipid structure during neonatal period would also be involved in the early programming of adipose tissues and metabolism. The supplementation of infant formulas with bovine milk fractions (milk fat globule membrane extracts, triacylglycerol) or recent development of large droplets infant formula, along with new fields of innovation in neonatal nutrition, are here reviewed.
{"title":"Towards infant formula biomimetic of human milk structure and digestive behaviour","authors":"Claire Bourlieu-Lacanal, A. Deglaire, S. D. Oliveira, O. Ménard, Y. Gouar, F. Carrière, D. Dupont","doi":"10.1051/OCL/2017010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL/2017010","url":null,"abstract":"Lipids of human milk or infant formula convey most of the energy necessary to support the newborn growth. Until recently, infant formula chemical composition had been optimized but not their structure. And yet, more and more proofs of evidence have shown that lipids structure in human milk modulates digestion kinetics and is involved in metabolic programming. Indeed there is a striking difference of structure between human milk which is an emulsion based on dispersed milk fat globules (4 μm) secreted by the mammary gland and submicronic neoformed lipid droplets (0.5 μm) found in infant formula. These droplets result from a series of operation units. This difference of structure modifies digestion kinetics and emulsion disintegration in the intestinal tract of the newborn. This difference persists along gastric phase which is mainly dominated by acid and enzyme-induced aggregation. Lipid droplets size is thus the key parameter to control gastric lipolysis and emptying and intestinal lipolysis. This parameter also controls proteolysis since adsorbed proteins are more rapidly hydrolyzed than when in solution. In animal models, these differences of lipid structure would also impact digestive and immune systems' maturation and microbiota. Lipid structure during neonatal period would also be involved in the early programming of adipose tissues and metabolism. The supplementation of infant formulas with bovine milk fractions (milk fat globule membrane extracts, triacylglycerol) or recent development of large droplets infant formula, along with new fields of innovation in neonatal nutrition, are here reviewed.","PeriodicalId":46801,"journal":{"name":"OCL-Oilseeds and Fats Crops and Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87033916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lipids are basic constituents of our diet. They play an active part in the acceptability, flavour and perception of our foods. At the same time, they are also regarded as beneficial for health or as sources to various pathologies. Until now, the nutritional impact of the various dietary lipid structures beyond the amounts of ingested lipids and selected fatty acids has been marginally taken into account in nutritional studies and thus in food application. This review gathers first our current knowledge on the diversity of molecular and supramolecular structures of dietary lipids, and then based on the scientific studies carried out on the human model, tempts to sum up the current knowledge and the latest hypotheses concerning the metabolic and nutritional effects of these multiscale structures. It is shown that the perception of lipids in the mouth during oral processing modulates the production of digestive fluids and food intake. Then, during the stomach and intestine phases of lipid digestion, the kinetics of release of the fatty acids are modulated by the multiscale structures of lipids influencing the fatty acid bioaccessibility and rate of absorption. In turn this may impair the post-absorption metabolism and nutritional effects. Future trends of research are evoked as concluding remarks.
{"title":"Molecular and structural organization of lipids in foods: their fate during digestion and impact in nutrition","authors":"A. Meynier, C. Genot","doi":"10.1051/OCL/2017006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL/2017006","url":null,"abstract":"Lipids are basic constituents of our diet. They play an active part in the acceptability, flavour and perception of our foods. At the same time, they are also regarded as beneficial for health or as sources to various pathologies. Until now, the nutritional impact of the various dietary lipid structures beyond the amounts of ingested lipids and selected fatty acids has been marginally taken into account in nutritional studies and thus in food application. This review gathers first our current knowledge on the diversity of molecular and supramolecular structures of dietary lipids, and then based on the scientific studies carried out on the human model, tempts to sum up the current knowledge and the latest hypotheses concerning the metabolic and nutritional effects of these multiscale structures. It is shown that the perception of lipids in the mouth during oral processing modulates the production of digestive fluids and food intake. Then, during the stomach and intestine phases of lipid digestion, the kinetics of release of the fatty acids are modulated by the multiscale structures of lipids influencing the fatty acid bioaccessibility and rate of absorption. In turn this may impair the post-absorption metabolism and nutritional effects. Future trends of research are evoked as concluding remarks.","PeriodicalId":46801,"journal":{"name":"OCL-Oilseeds and Fats Crops and Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90644264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents an overview of olive oil consumption in Japan, Asia’s largest per capita consumer and at present 14th in the world. Since the early 1990s, total purchases have increased from 4943 t in the 1992/93 campaign to 61 903 t in 2014/15, a more than 12-fold increase over the space of 22 years. Olive oil, in particular extra virgin olive oil, is appreciated by Japanese people primarily for its beneficial effects on health, as well as for its agreeable taste and for its cultural and historical associations. Other key factors to be considered are economic and cultural. Japan is one of the world’s largest economies; disposable incomes are high and these are reflected in household consumption behavior. Culturally, the country is increasingly open to the outside world, discovering and adopting practices from elsewhere, notably the West. This openness, allied to the country’s relative affluence, is demonstrated in the consumption of olive oil, a pillar of the Mediterranean Diet.
{"title":"Olive oil: an overview of the Japanese market","authors":"D. Capogna, M. I. Gómez","doi":"10.1051/OCL/2016041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL/2016041","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an overview of olive oil consumption in Japan, Asia’s largest per capita consumer and at present 14th in the world. Since the early 1990s, total purchases have increased from 4943 t in the 1992/93 campaign to 61 903 t in 2014/15, a more than 12-fold increase over the space of 22 years. Olive oil, in particular extra virgin olive oil, is appreciated by Japanese people primarily for its beneficial effects on health, as well as for its agreeable taste and for its cultural and historical associations. Other key factors to be considered are economic and cultural. Japan is one of the world’s largest economies; disposable incomes are high and these are reflected in household consumption behavior. Culturally, the country is increasingly open to the outside world, discovering and adopting practices from elsewhere, notably the West. This openness, allied to the country’s relative affluence, is demonstrated in the consumption of olive oil, a pillar of the Mediterranean Diet.","PeriodicalId":46801,"journal":{"name":"OCL-Oilseeds and Fats Crops and Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73699938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco Pereira, C. C. Galvão, V. F. D. Lima, Márcia F.A. da Rocha, A. Schuler, V. L. Silva, N. M. Filho
This study had as aims the extraction, purification and characterization of moringa oil for everyday applications with backing scientific. The average oil yield was of 23.92%, using the techniques: mechanical pressing (11.36%) and by with hexane extraction (35.48%). The oil extracted by pressing was analysed for gas chromatography, revealing a profile of 21.5% of saturated fatty acids and 78.5% of unsaturated fatty acids, having the oleic acid as the major component. The mixed crude oil was refined in four steps: degumming, neutralization, washing and drying. The crude and refined oils were characterised through their acidity index (8.8; 20.5 and 0.2 mgKOH g-1 ), peroxide index (3.3; 5.4 meqO2 kg-1 and not detected), water content (876.6; 632.0 and 630.2 mg kg-1 ), turbidity (64.1; 12.6 and 2.1 NTU), specific mass (909.5; 907.2 and 907.0 kg m3 ), kinematic viscosity (43.6; 39.1 and 41.7 mm2 s-1 ), high power calorific (39.7; 40. and 39.4 MJ kg-1 ) and calorific value lower (36.9; 36.9; 37.1 MJ kg-1 ), and ash content (0.05; 0.05 and 0.007%), respectively. The results show that moringa is a viable and sustainable plant in the use of its oil as raw material for several industries, especially in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and biodiesel industry.
{"title":"The versatility of the Moringa oleifera oil in sustainable applications","authors":"Francisco Pereira, C. C. Galvão, V. F. D. Lima, Márcia F.A. da Rocha, A. Schuler, V. L. Silva, N. M. Filho","doi":"10.1051/OCL/2016027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/OCL/2016027","url":null,"abstract":"This study had as aims the extraction, purification and characterization of moringa oil for everyday applications with backing scientific. The average oil yield was of 23.92%, using the techniques: mechanical pressing (11.36%) and by with hexane extraction (35.48%). The oil extracted by pressing was analysed for gas chromatography, revealing a profile of 21.5% of saturated fatty acids and 78.5% of unsaturated fatty acids, having the oleic acid as the major component. The mixed crude oil was refined in four steps: degumming, neutralization, washing and drying. The crude and refined oils were characterised through their acidity index (8.8; 20.5 and 0.2 mgKOH g-1 ), peroxide index (3.3; 5.4 meqO2 kg-1 and not detected), water content (876.6; 632.0 and 630.2 mg kg-1 ), turbidity (64.1; 12.6 and 2.1 NTU), specific mass (909.5; 907.2 and 907.0 kg m3 ), kinematic viscosity (43.6; 39.1 and 41.7 mm2 s-1 ), high power calorific (39.7; 40. and 39.4 MJ kg-1 ) and calorific value lower (36.9; 36.9; 37.1 MJ kg-1 ), and ash content (0.05; 0.05 and 0.007%), respectively. The results show that moringa is a viable and sustainable plant in the use of its oil as raw material for several industries, especially in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and biodiesel industry.","PeriodicalId":46801,"journal":{"name":"OCL-Oilseeds and Fats Crops and Lipids","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77188617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：