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The Sonic Turn 声波转向
IF 0.1 4区 文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM Pub Date : 2020-12-03 DOI: 10.1353/dia.2019.0035
T. McEnaney
Abstract:This article approaches the sonic turn as a coherent set of methodological approaches across a variety of disciplines that begin with the publication of Emily Thompson’s The Soundscape of Modernity (2002) and Jonathan Sterne’s The Audible Past (2003), and provide an alternative to the Saussurean edict to ignore the semiotic qualities of material sound. These texts and those published in their wake proceed with an emphasis on the detail of sound as an isolated object of study, but also sound as a more general principle of selection beyond “music” or “speech”; a reorientation to denaturalize hearing and reconceive listening practices as historically contingent, material, and social techniques; the need for a media archaeology that links technology and technique without falling into “impact histories” or “media determinism.” While the sonic turn can be capacious, the polemical approach taken in this essay opposes an uncritical affective “vibrational ontology” and a poststructuralist understanding of sound as supplement. Instead, the essay highlights the importance of scholarship that situates Black, Latin American, and disability studies as central to research into how audile techniques bring together the material and the symbolic to hear how historical cultures have constructed ontologies by separating sound from language in order to create and sustain hierarchies of power between the human and the nonhuman, the abled and the disabled, the lettered and the listeners.
摘要:本文从艾米丽·汤普森(Emily Thompson)的《现代性的声景》(2002)和乔纳森·斯特恩(Jonathan Sterne)的《可听的过去》(2003)的出版开始,将声音转向作为一套连贯的方法论方法,涵盖了多个学科,并为索绪尔法令提供了一种替代方案,以忽视物质声音的符号学性质。这些文本和随后发表的文本都强调声音的细节,将其作为一个孤立的研究对象,但也强调声音是一个超越“音乐”或“言语”的更普遍的选择原则;重新定位,使听力变性,并将听力实践重新视为历史上的偶然性、物质性和社会技术;需要一种媒介考古学,将技术和技术联系起来,而不陷入“影响历史”或“媒介决定论”。虽然声音转向可能很广泛,但本文所采用的辩论方法反对不加批判的情感“振动本体论”和对声音的后结构主义理解作为补充。相反,这篇文章强调了学术的重要性,将黑人、拉丁美洲和残疾研究定位为研究听觉技术如何将材料和象征结合在一起的核心,以了解历史文化如何通过将声音与语言分离来构建本体论,从而创造和维持人类与非人类之间的权力等级制度,有能力的人和残疾人,有文字的人和听众。
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引用次数: 4
The “Turn” Turn “转弯”
IF 0.1 4区 文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM Pub Date : 2020-12-03 DOI: 10.1353/dia.2019.0031
C. Rojas
Excerpt:In this special issue, we focus on academic equivalents of the Wuhan lockdown and the George Floyd protests. That is to say, we examine moments when multiple intersecting factors have generated a crucial inflection point within scholarly discourse, resulting in a series of methodological and conceptual shifts capable of impacting work across a variety of different disciplines. These sorts of shifts are often referred to as “turns,” with the word turn being a trope (which, of course, literally means “turn”) that carries two sets of mutually opposed connotations—suggesting both a discrete shift within an existing trajectory as well as a fundamental redirection, such as a U-turn. In fact, both sets of connotations apply to the phenomenon of the scholarly turn. Just as the Wuhan lockdown and the George Floyd protests were each the result of a gradual accumulation of earlier developments that eventually came to pose a more fundamental challenge to the existing status quo, scholarly turns are similarly the product of a long series of incremental intellectual and sociocultural developments but ultimately come to be regarded as fundamental paradigm shifts and methodological realignments.
摘录:在本期特刊中,我们将关注武汉封锁和乔治·弗洛伊德抗议活动的学术对等。也就是说,我们研究了多重交叉因素在学术话语中产生关键转折点的时刻,从而导致一系列方法和概念的转变,这些转变能够影响各种不同学科的工作。这类转变通常被称为“转向”,“转向”一词是一个比喻(当然,字面意思是“转向”),带有两组相互对立的含义——既暗示了现有轨迹中的离散转变,也暗示了基本的重定向,如U型转弯。事实上,这两种含义都适用于学术转向现象。正如武汉封锁和乔治·弗洛伊德抗议活动都是早期事态发展逐渐积累的结果,最终对现有现状构成了更根本的挑战一样,学术转向同样是一系列渐进的智力和社会文化发展的产物,但最终被视为基本的范式转变和方法调整。
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引用次数: 0
Turns and Revolutions: On the Convulsive Present 转折与革命:论抽搐的当下
IF 0.1 4区 文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM Pub Date : 2020-12-03 DOI: 10.1353/dia.2019.0032
Zachary Tavlin
Abstract:In this essay I consider the ubiquitous figure of thinking’s turn and a historical time in which turns happen beside, inside, or astride other turns like a complex series of epicycles, each vying for historiographical primacy. I argue that the age of the turn forces intellectual historians not simply to choose one turn that would successfully stand in for contemporary inquiry tout court but to think the turn itself, to try to understand what generates and sustains the figure or shape of thinking as turning. I hypothesize that the time in which thinking takes place is also figured and traced out, by the manifestos and representatives of individual turns, as a local convulsion rather than a global rotation or revolutionary breach. In what follows I turn to and fro to glance at several possible starting points for an adequate theorization of the turn and our “convulsive” present, moving from an investigation into thinking and turning in the work of Martin Heidegger to our contemporary moment, in which theorists attempt to suture the particular concepts and objects they wish to “take seriously” to the movements inherent in thought itself. I end speculatively, offering a reading of “the turn” shot through with social and (even) erotic implications.
摘要:在这篇文章中,我考虑了思维转向的普遍形象,以及一个历史时期,在这个历史时期,转向发生在其他转向的旁边、内部或横跨其他转向,就像一系列复杂的史诗,每一个都在争夺历史的首要地位。我认为,转向的时代迫使知识历史学家不仅要选择一个能成功地代表当代调查法庭的转向,还要思考转向本身,试图理解是什么产生和维持了作为转向的思维图形或形状。我假设,思想发生的时间也被宣言和个人转折的代表描绘和追踪为局部动荡,而不是全球轮换或革命性突破。在接下来的文章中,我来回地浏览了几个可能的起点,以充分地理论化这一转变和我们的“痉挛”当下,从对马丁·海德格尔作品中的思考和转变的调查转向我们的当代时刻,理论家们试图将他们希望“认真对待”的特定概念和对象与思想本身固有的运动联系起来。最后,我推测性地提供了一个带有社会和(甚至)色情含义的“转折”解读。
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引用次数: 0
Poststructuralist Turn? 后结构主义转向?
IF 0.1 4区 文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM Pub Date : 2020-12-03 DOI: 10.1353/dia.2019.0033
J. Culler
Abstract:The turn to poststructuralism is frequently linked to a particular time and place, the 1966 conference at Johns Hopkins University where Jacques Derrida’s “Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences” offered a critique of Claude Levi-Strauss. An analysis of the claims actually made there by Derrida shows that despite his celebrated distinction between two interpretations of interpretation, he insists on the impossibility of choosing, and that what he in fact resists is the “empiricism” of structuralist projects, which attempt to provide accounts of the functioning of cultural systems (as opposed to readings that undertake a critique of the concepts they use). Derrida’s essay thus provided an excuse in America, where it was taken for granted that the task of criticism was to produce interpretations of literary works, to reject the difficult work of poetics, writ large, and to embrace a self-critical hermeneutics under the name of “poststructuralism.”
摘要:转向后结构主义经常与特定的时间和地点联系在一起,1966年在约翰·霍普金斯大学举行的会议上,雅克·德里达的《人类科学话语中的结构、符号和游戏》对克劳德·列维·斯特劳斯进行了批判。对德里达在那里实际提出的主张的分析表明,尽管他在两种解释之间有着著名的区别,但他坚持不可能选择,而他实际上抵制的是结构主义项目的“经验主义”,其试图提供对文化系统功能的描述(而不是对其使用的概念进行批判的阅读)。因此,德里达的文章在美国提供了一个借口,在美国,人们理所当然地认为批评的任务是对文学作品进行解释,拒绝诗学的艰难工作,并以“后结构主义”的名义接受自我批评的解释学
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引用次数: 0
The Prison-House of Translation? Carceral Models, Translational Turns 翻译的监狱?caral模型,平移转弯
IF 0.1 4区 文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM Pub Date : 2020-12-03 DOI: 10.1353/dia.2019.0034
E. Apter
Abstract:Fredric Jameson’s classic work of 1972, The Prison-House of Language: A Critical Account of Structuralism and Russian Formalism, stands out historically as an inquiry into what a model is in the comparative humanities of the postwar period. Though his particular focus in the book is on the linguistic turn (posed against Marxist formalism), his consideration of the model bears directly on “turn theory,” be it deconstructive, cultural, historicist, postcolonial, or cognitive.
摘要:詹姆逊1972年的经典著作《语言的监狱:对结构主义和俄国形式主义的批判》作为对战后比较人文学科模式的探索,在历史上脱颖而出。虽然他在书中特别关注的是语言学转向(反对马克思主义形式主义),但他对这种模式的思考直接与“转向理论”有关,无论是解构主义的、文化的、历史主义的、后殖民的还是认知的。
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引用次数: 2
Cai Guo-Qiang 蔡国强
IF 0.1 4区 文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM Pub Date : 2020-12-03 DOI: 10.1353/dia.2019.0037
C. Rojas
Excerpt:Originally from Quanzhou, China and currently based in the United States, Cai Guo-Qiang began his artistic career as an oil painter in the 1970s, but while studying at the Shanghai Theatre Academy in the early 1980s, he began experimenting with gunpowder as an artistic medium. He further refined his technique when he lived in Japan from 1986 to 1995 and continued working primarily with gunpowder after moving to the United States in 1995. Cai uses gunpowder not only for large-scale fireworks and explosions, but also for an innovative practice in which he carefully detonates the gunpowder against canvas or other materials to produce suggestive images. He has stated that he was attracted to the multiple and contradictory connotations of gunpowder, noting that “in China every significant social occasion of any kind, good or bad—weddings, funerals, the birth of a baby, a new home—is marked by the explosion of fireworks. . . . I saw gunpowder used in both good ways and bad, in destruction and reconstruction.”
节选:蔡国强来自中国泉州,现居美国,他的艺术生涯始于20世纪70年代的油画画家,但在20世纪80年代初在上海戏剧学院学习期间,他开始尝试将火药作为艺术媒介。1986年至1995年在日本生活期间,他进一步完善了自己的技术,1995年移居美国后,他继续主要研究火药。蔡不仅在大型烟花和爆炸中使用火药,而且在一种创新的实践中,他小心地将火药引爆在画布或其他材料上,以产生暗示性的图像。他说他被火药的多重和矛盾的内涵所吸引,并指出“在中国,任何一种重要的社交场合,无论好坏——婚礼、葬礼、婴儿出生、新房——都以烟花爆炸为标志. . . .我看到火药被用在好的和坏的方面,在破坏和重建中。”
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引用次数: 0
From the Editors: Terraforming 来自编辑:地形
IF 0.1 4区 文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1353/dia.2019.0023
Karen Pinkus, D. Woods
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引用次数: 3
Terrestrial Hypotheses: A Slideshow 地球假设:幻灯片
IF 0.1 4区 文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1353/dia.2019.0026
V. Bruyère
Abstract:The Anthropocene hypothesis leaves us with the picture of a world that may have never felt more aggregative, with or without our consent, and never more terraforming in its capacity to turn everything Anthropos come in contact with into a condition of its existence. And yet, in the end the delayed legibility the Anthropocene hypothesis projects into the existential nowhere of landscapes of extinction and other previews of humanity in its fossil state is utterly indifferent to the world it leaves us to inhabit on impossible perceptual terms. But why bother with the visual make-up of that world in the grand flattening scheme of things? The terrestrial hypotheses evolved throughout this paper tend to a past that stays with us in a temporal field levelled by data extraction neither relevant nor entirely disposable.
摘要:人类世假说给我们留下了一个世界的图景,无论是否经过我们的同意,这个世界可能从未像现在这样具有聚集性,也从未像现在那样具有地形化的能力,能够将人类接触到的一切变成其存在的条件。然而,最终,人类世假说投射到灭绝景观和其他人类化石状态预览的存在无处的延迟可读性,对它留给我们的世界完全漠不关心,因为它以不可能的感知术语来居住。但是,为什么要在事物的宏大扁平化方案中为这个世界的视觉构成而烦恼呢?贯穿本文的陆地假设倾向于在数据提取的时间场中与我们同在,既不相关也不完全可丢弃。
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引用次数: 0
Attracting the Earth: Climate Justice for Charles Fourier 吸引地球:查尔斯·傅立叶的气候正义
IF 0.1 4区 文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1353/dia.2019.0027
A. Goldstein
Abstract:At the very outset of the so-called Anthropocene, through the lens of a social theory since relegated to the “utopian” margins of critical thought, the visionary socialist Charles Fourier diagnosed a problem that mainstream modern science would spend much of the twentieth-century structurally unable to see: anthropogenic climate disruption and its etiology in the “progress” of European industry, slavery and colonial empire. This essay explores the heterodox naturalism that enabled such a prescient diagnosis, as well as the subversive image of “terraformation” that Fourier projected as a cure. For in contrast to today’s advocates of geo-engineering (but in concert with critics working to decolonize Anthropocene ecology), Fourier percieved that those who believe they know how to control the earth’s climate are the least capable agents of its emancipatory re-creation. He advanced, instead, the heretical proposition that nonhuman natures, no less than human ones, answer to justice and pleasure, rather than necessity and force. His dissident eco-social science thus aimed not to enable his Enlightened compatriots to engineer, but to disable them from thwarting the dazzling terrestrial futures that the earth’s other constituents were literally dying to create. Fourier’s techno-pastoral prophecies of orchestrated planetary transformation, then, beckon outside the familiar alternative between technofuturist hubris and ecological precaution, offering visions of multispecies luxury predicated on the abandonment of coercive labor and the adoption of a technics co-invented with human and non-human Others of Man. Next to the insane faith that our flourishing can still be founded on the earth’s domination (if only we do it right this time), Fourier’s outlandish prophecies, as Walter Benjamin once observed, “prove surprisingly sound.”
摘要:在所谓的人类世一开始,通过一种社会理论的视角,这种理论被归入批判思想的“乌托邦”边缘,富有远见的社会主义者查尔斯·傅立叶诊断了一个主流现代科学在20世纪的大部分时间里都无法从结构上看到的问题:人为气候破坏及其在欧洲工业、奴隶制和殖民帝国“进步”中的病因。本文探讨了促成这种有先见之明的诊断的异端自然主义,以及傅立叶作为一种治疗方法投影的“地形”的颠覆性图像。因为与今天的地球工程倡导者(但与致力于将人类世生态学非殖民化的批评者一致)形成鲜明对比的是,傅立叶认为那些认为自己知道如何控制地球气候的人是最不可能解放地球重新创造的人。相反,他提出了一个异端命题,即非人性,不亚于人性,对正义和快乐负责,而不是对必要性和力量负责。因此,他持不同政见的生态社会科学的目的不是让他的开明同胞能够进行工程,而是让他们无法阻碍地球其他组成部分正在渴望创造的令人眼花缭乱的地球未来。傅立叶对精心策划的行星转变的技术田园预言,在技术未来主义者的傲慢和生态预防之间的熟悉替代之外发出了召唤,提供了基于放弃强迫劳动和采用与人类和非人类他人共同发明的技术的多物种奢华愿景。除了疯狂地相信我们的繁荣仍然可以建立在地球的统治之上(如果我们这次做得正确就好了)之外,正如沃尔特·本杰明曾经观察到的那样,傅立叶的古怪预言“证明是惊人的正确”
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引用次数: 2
“Terraforming Earth”: Climate and Recursivity “地球化”:气候与递归性
IF 0.1 4区 文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1353/dia.2019.0024
D. Woods
Abstract:Terraforming began as a fantasy about making other planets earthlike, then returned to earth as a frame for what humans have done, are doing, or will do to the planet. Toward a reading of the phrase “terraforming earth” that would prove fruitful for criticism and theory, I analyze it into three forms of recursivity: formal, historical, and ecological. The three-loop analytic illuminates examples from science fiction and contemporary culture: H.G. Wells’s novel The War of the Worlds, Kim Stanley Robinson’s novel Green Mars, and Elon Musk’s desire to terraform Mars. The political theory of Sylvia Wynter offers a way of conceptualizing terraforming in terms of the difference between those who do and do not have access to optimal, immunized ecosystems and those who do and do not have agency over the earth system. I draw conclusions about terraforming’s scale-specificity and political implications, especially for understanding subject-formation in the Anthropocene.
摘要:地球化最初是一种让其他行星变得像地球一样的幻想,然后回到地球,作为人类对地球已经做过、正在做或将要做的事情的框架。对于“地球化”这个短语的解读,我把它分析成三种形式的递归:形式的、历史的和生态的。这个三环分析阐明了科幻小说和当代文化中的例子:h·g·威尔斯的小说《世界大战》,金·斯坦利·罗宾逊的小说《绿色火星》,以及埃隆·马斯克改造火星的愿望。西尔维娅·温特的政治理论提供了一种概念化改造的方法,根据那些有和没有获得最佳免疫生态系统的人与那些有和没有对地球系统有代理的人之间的区别。我得出了关于地球化的尺度特异性和政治含义的结论,特别是对于理解人类世的主体形成。
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引用次数: 5
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