DIACRITICS-A REVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY CRITICISM最新文献

英文中文

Alladine and Ariadne: The Place of Woman in Badiouan Ontology 阿拉丁与阿里阿德涅:女性在巴迪万本体论中的地位

IF 0.1 4区文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM

DIACRITICS-A REVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY CRITICISM

Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.1353/dia.2021.0020

Nora Fulton

Abstract:The figure of Woman recurs in Alain Badiou's mathematical ontology. Not only does he cast the indiscernible element of set theoretical forcing as (♀) in Being and Event, but he also analogizes the depiction of femininity within the opera Ariadne and Bluebeard with his theory of appearance in Logics of Worlds. There the rebellious Ariadne’s matrix of relationships with Bluebeard’s willingly-imprisoned wives constitutes an “absolutely heterogenous feminine ground” exterior to the “new feminine world” that her eventual escape opens up. How can the ground of appearance be absolutely heterogenous yet still feminine, recognizably the world of Woman? Badiou uses category theory to argue that a being’s appearance is only possible between a minimum—Alladine, who stays—and a maximum—Ariadne, who leaves. This paper takes up his theories of change and appearance as a vital, if problematic, avenue for thinking gender and sex transition as a properly ontological event.

摘要：女性形象在阿兰·巴迪乌的数学本体论中反复出现。他不仅将集合理论强迫的不可分辨元素归结为(♀) 在《存在与事件》中，但他也将歌剧《阿里阿德涅与蓝胡子》中对女性气质的描绘与他在《世界逻辑》中的出场理论进行了类比。在那里，叛逆的阿里阿德涅与蓝胡子自愿入狱的妻子之间的关系构成了她最终逃离的“新女性世界”的“绝对异质的女性基础”。外表的基础怎么可能是绝对异质的，但仍然是女性的，可识别的女人的世界？Badiou使用范畴理论认为，一个人的出现只可能在最小值（留下的Alladine）和最大值（离开的Ariadne）之间。本文将他的变化和外表理论视为一种重要的途径，如果有问题的话，可以将性别和性别转变视为一个恰当的本体论事件。

引用次数: 0

Sapphic Sociability 沙弗风格的社交能力

IF 0.1 4区文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM

DIACRITICS-A REVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY CRITICISM

Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.1353/dia.2021.0025

Julia Ng

Abstract:On the rare occasion Sappho makes an appearance in critical theory, she is mobilized as a foil for thinking about theory's need to imagine the effacement of its own material conditions. This essay argues that from Heidegger’s pre-discursive disclosure of truth to Nancy’s sexuated ontology and Kittler’s hypothesis about the birth of the phonetic alphabet, Sappho is reduced to the trope of the maternal-yet-jealous-lover and transfigured into a doubly self-signifying absence wherein hetero-adjacency goes hand in hand with a supposed Europe-adjacency. Revisiting a philological uncertainty in Poem 1, I show instead that rather than ruled by her passions, Sappho is artfully in control of the many-minded inhabitations of her personae and, as such, mounts a challenge to the way the public sphere has been understood since at least Kant. Contrasting Sappho’s constructions of synaesthetic space and recursive time with Carazan’s dream, the short story that, for Kant, illustrates the “terrifyingly sublime” feeling prompting sociability among the unsociable, I argue that Sappho combines love and strategy to bring friend and foe together in an enchanted state that, as a spectre of her Aeolic dialect in Poem 31 illustrates, advances a politics of non-recognition.

摘要:萨福很少出现在批判理论中，她被动员起来作为对理论需要想象其自身物质条件消失的思考的陪衬。本文认为，从海德格尔对真理的前话语揭示，到南希的性本体论，再到基特勒关于音音字母诞生的假设，萨福被简化为母性但又嫉妒的爱人的比喻，并被变形为双重自我指义的缺席，在这种缺席中，异性邻接与假定的欧洲邻接密切相关。在第一首诗中，我重新审视了语言学上的不确定性，而不是被她的激情所支配，萨福巧妙地控制了她人物的多思想居住，因此，至少从康德开始，她就对公共领域的理解方式提出了挑战。对比萨福对联觉空间和递归时间的建构和卡拉赞的梦，这个短篇小说，对康德来说，说明了“可怕的崇高”的感觉，在不合群的人中间激发了社交，我认为萨福结合了爱和策略，在一种迷人的状态下把朋友和敌人聚集在一起，正如诗31中她的伊奥利亚方言的幽灵所说明的那样，推进了一种不承认的政治。

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引用次数: 0

Grammars of Addressing: On Memory and History in Cathy Caruth’s Work 称呼语法:论凯西·卡鲁斯作品中的记忆与历史

IF 0.1 4区文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM

DIACRITICS-A REVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY CRITICISM

Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.1353/dia.2021.0009

María del Rosario Acosta López

Abstract:Writing about Cathy Caruth’s work allows me to write about my current project on “grammars of listening,” which has not only developed in conversation with her work but has also become a powerful way for me to address, among other things, the question that gathers together this special issue on Women in Theory—a question closely related to issues of epistemic injustice and silencing (Kristie Dotson), of coloniality and the extent to which its effects are still operative today (María Lugones), and to the erasures and practices of un-knowing (Mariana Ortega) that have been deployed against the possibility of embodying what it means to be a “woman”—and more specifically a “woman of color”—in philosophy.None of these questions can be truly addressed without first radically questioning the frameworks of meaning that determine in advance what does and does not deserve to become audible. A subversion and a decolonization of the regime of audibility—one that forces us to listen to what is otherwise constantly rendered unheard and unheard-of—is the only way to begin seriously taking up the question of what it would mean to embody, from a theoretical perspective, the category—historically imposed, philosophically problematized, and in urgent need of decolonization—of “woman.”

摘要：通过写Cathy Caruth的作品，我可以写下我目前关于“听力语法”的项目，该项目不仅在与她的作品的对话中发展起来，而且已经成为我解决以下问题的有力方式：，这个问题汇集了这个关于理论中的女性的特刊——这个问题与认识上的不公正和沉默问题（Kristie Dotson）、殖民主义及其影响在今天仍然有效的程度密切相关（María Lugones），以及对不知情的抹杀和实践（Mariana Ortega），这些抹杀和做法被用来反对在哲学中体现“女性”——更具体地说是“有色人种女性”——的可能性。如果不首先从根本上质疑意义框架，就无法真正解决这些问题，因为意义框架预先决定了什么值得倾听，什么不值得倾听。对可听性制度的颠覆和非殖民化——迫使我们倾听那些在其他方面一直被视为闻所未闻的东西——是开始认真思考从理论角度体现这一类别意味着什么的问题的唯一途径——历史上强加的、哲学上有问题的，以及迫切需要非殖民化的“妇女”

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引用次数: 1

Carrying, Containment, Supply 运输，控制，供应

IF 0.1 4区文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM

DIACRITICS-A REVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY CRITICISM

Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.1353/dia.2021.0013

A. Johnson

Abstract:This essay approaches the question of Women in Theory by considering the infrastructural work of writing (including citational practices and uses of metaphor) and how one might write about infrastructure and undervalued functions such as carrying and containing. Zoë Sofia’s essay “Container Technologies” (2000) is a central reference point: at issue is also the gendering of metaphors and how they bear or carry certain figurations of the feminine.

摘要:本文通过考虑写作的基础设施工作(包括引用实践和隐喻的使用)以及如何写作基础设施和被低估的功能(如携带和包含)来探讨“理论上的女性”问题。Zoë索菲亚的文章“容器技术”(2000)是一个中心参考点:争论的焦点也是隐喻的性别化，以及它们如何承载或承载某些女性形象。

引用次数: 0

Generation 一代

IF 0.1 4区文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM

DIACRITICS-A REVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY CRITICISM

Pub Date : 2022-07-14 DOI: 10.1353/dia.2021.0017

Kate Jenckes

Abstract:This essay examines some of the multiple resonances of the word generation, with an emphasis on the relationship between intellectual and aesthetic production and the figure of maternity. Beginning with Jacques Derrida’s critique of generation as an origin that grounds self-presence, which he associates with forms of violence from matricide to genocide, it considers the possibility of a ventriloquial mode of generation, through which others—including the differential flow of survival—speak, and which we are compelled to bear. Claudia Rankine’s Plot, a poetic exploration of the relationship between aesthetic production and pregnancy, is read as an exemplary instance of such ventriloquial survival.

摘要:本文探讨了“生育”一词的多重共鸣，重点探讨了智力和审美生产与母性形象之间的关系。从雅克·德里达(Jacques Derrida)对世代的批判开始，他认为世代是自我存在的根源，他将其与从杀害母亲到种族灭绝的各种暴力形式联系在一起，它考虑了一种腹语式世代模式的可能性，通过这种模式，其他人——包括生存的差异流——说话，我们被迫忍受。克劳迪娅·兰金(Claudia Rankine)的《情节》(Plot)是对审美产物与怀孕之间关系的诗意探索，被视为这种腹语生存的典范。

引用次数: 0

Discrepancy between disability and reported well-being after traumatic brain injury. 脑外伤后的残疾与报告的幸福之间存在差异。

IF 11 4区文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM

DIACRITICS-A REVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY CRITICISM

Pub Date : 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-326615

Isabel Rosalie Arianne Retel Helmrich, David van Klaveren, Nada Andelic, Hester Lingsma, Andrew Maas, David Menon, Suzanne Polinder, Cecilie Røe, Ewout W Steyerberg, Ernest Van Veen, Lindsay Wilson

Background: Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), the clinical focus is often on disability. However, patients' perceptions of well-being can be discordant with their disability level, referred to as the 'disability paradox'. We aimed to examine the relationship between disability and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) following TBI, while taking variation in personal, injury-related and environment factors into account.

Methods: We used data from the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury study. Disability was assessed 6 months post-injury by the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE). HRQoL was assessed by the SF-12v2 physical and mental component summary scores and the Quality of Life after Traumatic Brain Injury overall scale. We examined mean total and domain HRQoL scores by GOSE. We quantified variance in HRQoL explained by GOSE, personal, injury-related and environment factors with multivariable regression.

Results: Six-month outcome assessments were completed in 2075 patients, of whom 78% had mild TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale 13-15). Patients with severe disability had higher HRQoL than expected on the basis of GOSE alone, particularly after mild TBI. Up to 50% of patients with severe disability reported HRQoL scores within the normative range. GOSE, personal, injury-related and environment factors explained a limited amount of variance in HRQoL (up to 29%).

Conclusion: Contrary to the idea that discrepancies are unusual, many patients with poor functional outcomes reported well-being that was at or above the boundary considered satisfactory for the normative sample. These findings challenge the idea that satisfactory HRQoL in patients with disability should be described as 'paradoxical' and question common views of what constitutes 'unfavourable' outcome.

背景：创伤性脑损伤（TBI）后，临床重点通常放在残疾上。然而，患者对幸福的感知可能与其残疾程度不一致，这被称为 "残疾悖论"。我们的目的是研究创伤性脑损伤后残疾与健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）之间的关系，同时考虑到个人、受伤相关因素和环境因素的变化：我们使用了欧洲创伤性脑损伤神经创伤有效性合作研究的数据。伤后 6 个月的残疾情况由格拉斯哥结果量表扩展版（GOSE）进行评估。HRQoL通过SF-12v2身体和精神部分总分以及创伤性脑损伤后生活质量总体量表进行评估。我们通过 GOSE 检查了 HRQoL 总分和领域分的平均值。我们用多元回归法量化了由 GOSE、个人因素、受伤相关因素和环境因素解释的 HRQoL 变异：2075名患者完成了为期6个月的结果评估，其中78%为轻度创伤性脑损伤（格拉斯哥昏迷量表13-15分）。重度残疾患者的 HRQoL 高于仅根据 GOSE 的预期，尤其是轻度 TBI 患者。多达 50% 的重度残疾患者的 HRQoL 分数在常模范围内。GOSE、个人因素、受伤相关因素和环境因素只能解释有限的 HRQoL 差异（高达 29%）：与 "差异是不寻常的 "这一观点相反，许多功能结果不佳的患者所报告的幸福感达到或超过了常模样本认为令人满意的界限。这些发现对残疾患者满意的 HRQoL 应被描述为 "自相矛盾 "的观点提出了质疑，并对构成 "不利 "结果的常见观点提出了质疑。

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引用次数: 0

How Advancing are Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles? A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. 介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子的研究进展如何？文献综述。

IF 6.6 4区文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM

DIACRITICS-A REVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY CRITICISM

Pub Date : 2022-04-22 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S353349

Sahar Porrang, Soodabeh Davaran, Nader Rahemi, Somaiyeh Allahyari, Ebrahim Mostafavi

The application of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) is ubiquitous in various sciences. MSNs possess unique features, including the diversity in manufacturing by different synthesis methods and from different sources, structure controllability, pore design capabilities, pore size tunability, nanoparticle size distribution adjustment, and the ability to create diverse functional groups on their surface. These characteristics have led to various types of MSNs as a unique system for drug delivery. In this review, first, the synthesis of MSNs by different methods via using different sources were studied. Then, the parameters affecting their physicochemical properties and functionalization have been discussed. Finally, the last decade's novel strategies, including surface functionalization, drug delivery, and cancer treatment, based on the MSNs in drug delivery and cancer therapy have been addressed.

介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子（MSN）在各种科学领域的应用无处不在。MSNs 具有独特的特性，包括不同合成方法和不同来源制造的多样性、结构可控性、孔隙设计能力、孔隙大小可调性、纳米粒子大小分布调节能力以及在其表面创建不同功能基团的能力。这些特点使得各种类型的 MSN 成为一种独特的药物输送系统。在这篇综述中，首先研究了利用不同来源的不同方法合成 MSNs。然后，讨论了影响其理化性质和功能化的参数。最后，探讨了近十年来基于 MSNs 的新型药物递送和癌症治疗策略，包括表面功能化、药物递送和癌症治疗。

引用次数: 0

A Turn to the Many: Ai Weiwei 转向许多人：艾未未

IF 0.1 4区文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM

DIACRITICS-A REVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY CRITICISM

Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.1353/dia.2021.0007

Chang Tan, Ai Weiwei

Abstract:“Crowdsourced,” frequently recycled, made in large quantity, and easily transmittable across analog and digital borders, Ai’s art and activism mark the turn(s) of global contemporary art toward the remixing, the participatory, the media-savvy, and the socially engaged—turns that were gathering strength for more than a century but began to coalesce into powerful discourses in the 1990s.

摘要：“众包”，经常回收，大量制作，易于跨越模拟和数字边界传播，艾的艺术和行动主义标志着全球当代艺术向混合、参与、精通媒体的方向转变，以及社会参与——一个多世纪以来，这种转变一直在积聚力量，但在20世纪90年代开始融合成强有力的话语。

引用次数: 1

Turning the Tables: Derrida, China, and the Asia Turn 扭转局面：德里达、中国和亚洲的转向

IF 0.1 4区文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM

DIACRITICS-A REVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY CRITICISM

Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.1353/dia.2021.0004

C. Rojas

Abstract:After a discussion of how Jacques Derrida’s Of Grammatology and Specters of Marx illustrate two inverse ways in which the figure of China has been marginalized within Western critical theory, this essay considers a contemporary counter-discourse developed by Asia-based theorists who use an approach dubbed “China/Asia as method” to critique the universalizing assumptions found in Western theory. Beginning with Takeuchi Yoshimi’s 1960 article “Asia as Method,” I suggest that this approach effectively turns the tables not only on a Eurocentric intellectual tradition itself, but also on concomitant attempts to use China/Asia as a space of radical alterity from which to critique the presumptive universality of Eurocentric discourses. I consider two recent analyses that draw (either explicitly or implicitly) on the “China/Asia as method” approach and apply it to contemporary debates over LGBTQ rights in Sinophone East Asia. Finally, I use a set of spectral resonances in the two Asian LGBTQ case studies to return to Derrida’s allusions to China and “table-turning” séances, but with a twist.

文摘：在讨论了德里达的《语法学》和马克思的《斯佩克特》如何阐释中国形象在西方批判理论中被边缘化的两种相反方式后，本文考虑了一种由亚洲理论家发展起来的当代反话语，他们使用一种被称为“中国/亚洲作为方法”的方法来批评西方理论中的普遍性假设。从竹内义美1960年的文章《亚洲作为方法》开始，我认为这种方法不仅有效地扭转了以欧洲为中心的知识传统本身的局面，而且也扭转了将中国/亚洲作为一个激进的交替空间来批判以欧洲为心论的假定普遍性的随之而来的尝试。我考虑了最近的两项分析，这两项分析（明确或隐含地）借鉴了“中国/亚洲作为方法”的方法，并将其应用于华话东亚关于LGBTQ权利的当代辩论。最后，我在两个亚洲LGBTQ案例研究中使用了一组光谱共振，回到德里达对中国和“扭转局面”的暗示，但有点扭曲。

引用次数: 1

Yet Another One. . . 又一个…

IF 0.1 4区文学 0 LITERARY THEORY & CRITICISM

DIACRITICS-A REVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY CRITICISM

Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.1353/dia.2021.0000

Andrea Bachner

Abstract:What movement is a “turn”? After all, as some of the theoretical work discussed in The Turn I and The Turn II shows, turning itself is multiple. Is a turn eventfully singular or recurring? Does it mark a rupture or a return, a turn away or a turn toward? The turn comes in a multiplicity of different figures—revolutionary upheaval, Möbian tautology, fold and unfolding. What does this mean for thinking the different modalities of the turn, not only the shape it takes or the movement it traces, but also its scale, (in)frequency, and number? Is the “turn” we envision one or many? Micro or macro? And what do we make of the paradox that much of our theoretical desires dream of the molar, eventful, cutting-edge, revolutionary, innovative energy of the “turn” when we invoke theoretical innovation while much of our thought is otherwise celebratory of minor figures, of microfolds, multiply pleated surfaces, hosts of warps and whorls, or dynamic constellations of gyrations and turnings?

摘要:“转身”是什么动作?毕竟，正如《第一次转弯》和《第二次转弯》中讨论的一些理论工作所表明的那样，转弯本身是多重的。一个转折是单一的还是反复出现的?它标志着破裂还是回归，是转向还是转向?转折以多种不同的形象出现——革命性的剧变，Möbian同义反复，折叠和展开。这对于思考转弯的不同形式意味着什么?不仅是它的形状或它的运动轨迹，还有它的规模、频率和数量?我们设想的“转折”是一个还是多个?微观还是宏观?当我们唤起理论创新时，我们的许多理论欲望都梦想着“转向”的磨牙的、多事的、前沿的、革命性的、创新的能量，而我们的许多思想在其他方面都是对小人物、微褶皱、多重褶皱表面、大量的翘曲和螺旋、或旋转和转弯的动态星座的庆祝，我们该如何理解这种悖论?

引用次数: 0

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