Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.1080/14623528.2021.1979908
Annsar Shahhoud
Medical violence is a relatively neglected topic in the scholarship on repression, mass violence and genocide, in spite of its commonality and profound impact on societies. In 1986, the American ps...
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Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.1080/14623528.2021.1979912
Haian Dukhan
After the Syrian uprising became a civil war, state authorities in the peripheral areas of the north-eastern part of the country receded. The retreat of the state from the rural areas led to a shar...
{"title":"The ISIS Massacre of the Sheitat Tribe in Der ez-Zor, August 2014","authors":"Haian Dukhan","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2021.1979912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2021.1979912","url":null,"abstract":"After the Syrian uprising became a civil war, state authorities in the peripheral areas of the north-eastern part of the country receded. The retreat of the state from the rural areas led to a shar...","PeriodicalId":46849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genocide Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"113 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44681162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.1080/14623528.2021.1979911
A. Aljasem
On Tuesday morning, 29 January 2013, Aleppians woke up at the calls of those crossing to the regime-controlled areas reporting dead bodies floating down the Queiq river stream. Medical staff, local...
{"title":"Queiq: The River That Streamed Bodies in Aleppo","authors":"A. Aljasem","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2021.1979911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2021.1979911","url":null,"abstract":"On Tuesday morning, 29 January 2013, Aleppians woke up at the calls of those crossing to the regime-controlled areas reporting dead bodies floating down the Queiq river stream. Medical staff, local...","PeriodicalId":46849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genocide Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"104 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42312593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.1080/14623528.2021.1979907
U. Üngör
The conflict in Syria has now dragged on for over a decade. Some 600,000 people have been killed, millions more injured, maimed, and traumatized, 12 million people (half of the pre-war population) ...
{"title":"Forum: Mass Violence in Syria","authors":"U. Üngör","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2021.1979907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2021.1979907","url":null,"abstract":"The conflict in Syria has now dragged on for over a decade. Some 600,000 people have been killed, millions more injured, maimed, and traumatized, 12 million people (half of the pre-war population) ...","PeriodicalId":46849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genocide Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"84 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45041089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.1080/14623528.2021.1979913
Abdullah Al-Jabassini
During internal armed conflicts, the vacuum caused by the decay of state institutions in rebel-held areas prevents the regular delivery of civilian basic needs. As a consequence, civilians may be c...
{"title":"The Weaponization of Service Delivery in Wartime and Post-war Daraa al-Balad","authors":"Abdullah Al-Jabassini","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2021.1979913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2021.1979913","url":null,"abstract":"During internal armed conflicts, the vacuum caused by the decay of state institutions in rebel-held areas prevents the regular delivery of civilian basic needs. As a consequence, civilians may be c...","PeriodicalId":46849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genocide Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"122 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45584160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-27DOI: 10.1080/14623528.2021.1981007
Eelco van der Maat, A. Holmes
ABSTRACT Why did the Myanmar military initiate mass atrocities in Rakhine state alongside radical democratic reforms? We argue that the atrocities in Rakhine were driven by intra-military rivalry. The transition to democracy was a generational transition of the military leadership that brought pre-existing rivalries within the military to the fore. As is common to military regimes, Myanmar military elites rely on regional support bases. The democratic transition coincided with a transition of power from generals with a Western support base – e.g. Shwe Mann – to generals with an Eastern support base – e.g. Thein Sein and Min Aung Hlaing. We argue that atrocities can strengthen control over security services by raising militias, locking rival units in the execution of the violence, and restructuring units under a new command. We demonstrate how atrocities in the Western Rakhine province served to consolidate power over the western faction of the military and allowed General Hlaing to consolidate.
{"title":"The Puzzle of Genocidal Democratization: Military Rivalry and Atrocity in Myanmar","authors":"Eelco van der Maat, A. Holmes","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2021.1981007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2021.1981007","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Why did the Myanmar military initiate mass atrocities in Rakhine state alongside radical democratic reforms? We argue that the atrocities in Rakhine were driven by intra-military rivalry. The transition to democracy was a generational transition of the military leadership that brought pre-existing rivalries within the military to the fore. As is common to military regimes, Myanmar military elites rely on regional support bases. The democratic transition coincided with a transition of power from generals with a Western support base – e.g. Shwe Mann – to generals with an Eastern support base – e.g. Thein Sein and Min Aung Hlaing. We argue that atrocities can strengthen control over security services by raising militias, locking rival units in the execution of the violence, and restructuring units under a new command. We demonstrate how atrocities in the Western Rakhine province served to consolidate power over the western faction of the military and allowed General Hlaing to consolidate.","PeriodicalId":46849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genocide Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"172 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46682288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-19DOI: 10.1080/14623528.2021.1979294
Jelena Subotić
ABSTRACT Over the past year, a series of controversies have erupted regarding the role of Holocaust scholars in determining whether other, more recent mass atrocities (in China, Myanmar, Syria, and elsewhere) amount to the category of genocide. In this Reflection, I turn to one such controversy: the attempt by Bosnian Serb political elites to use international Holocaust experts to determine that the most internationally visible mass crime of the Bosnian war – the genocide in Srebrenica in 1995 – did not, in fact, constitute genocide. I first provide the background to the controversy. I then explain why the finding of genocide for Srebrenica is so resisted in Republika Srpska (as well as in Serbia), by linking genocide denial to the way in which the Holocaust has been instrumentalized in the region. I conclude by considering the role international scholars of the Holocaust play in this epistemic contestation.
{"title":"Holocaust and the Meaning of the Srebrenica Genocide: A Reflection on a Controversy","authors":"Jelena Subotić","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2021.1979294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2021.1979294","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Over the past year, a series of controversies have erupted regarding the role of Holocaust scholars in determining whether other, more recent mass atrocities (in China, Myanmar, Syria, and elsewhere) amount to the category of genocide. In this Reflection, I turn to one such controversy: the attempt by Bosnian Serb political elites to use international Holocaust experts to determine that the most internationally visible mass crime of the Bosnian war – the genocide in Srebrenica in 1995 – did not, in fact, constitute genocide. I first provide the background to the controversy. I then explain why the finding of genocide for Srebrenica is so resisted in Republika Srpska (as well as in Serbia), by linking genocide denial to the way in which the Holocaust has been instrumentalized in the region. I conclude by considering the role international scholars of the Holocaust play in this epistemic contestation.","PeriodicalId":46849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genocide Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"71 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47150635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.1080/14623528.2021.1968852
Tamara P. Trošt, L. David
The post-Yugoslav region is frequently taken as a textbook example of how states can harness the past as a tool for the needs of the present. Extensive research has documented the usage of history ...
{"title":"Renationalizing Memory in the Post-Yugoslav Region","authors":"Tamara P. Trošt, L. David","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2021.1968852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2021.1968852","url":null,"abstract":"The post-Yugoslav region is frequently taken as a textbook example of how states can harness the past as a tool for the needs of the present. Extensive research has documented the usage of history ...","PeriodicalId":46849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genocide Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"228 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46932478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.1080/14623528.2021.1968152
M. Fuller
Italy is known for some resilient national stereotypes, and not just regarding la dolce vita (the sweet life), quick tempers, and the love of cars and fashion. Italians themselves, like foreigners,...
{"title":"Italy: Beyond the Clichés that Obscure Unacceptable Histories","authors":"M. Fuller","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2021.1968152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2021.1968152","url":null,"abstract":"Italy is known for some resilient national stereotypes, and not just regarding la dolce vita (the sweet life), quick tempers, and the love of cars and fashion. Italians themselves, like foreigners,...","PeriodicalId":46849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genocide Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"298 - 307"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41555177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.1080/14623528.2021.1968149
S. Ledoux
Since the end of the nineteenth century and the de fi nitive establishment of a republican regime in France, the school institution has been invested with a major civic role: educat-ing all young people to become French citizens. This education of the nation has placed a considerable signi fi cance to the transmission of national history, which is taught with the same programmes in all French schools from the age of seven. The history taught of the nation was fi rst of all a patriotic history until the 1960s: France must be loved by learning about its glorious events and heroes because the historical destiny of this nation for centuries has been to accomplish universal human progress. This article explains how the transmission of history became the object of debate from the end of the 1970s in the context of a new social relationship with the past. It then traces the emergence of a new moral imperative that is imposed by the mantra “ a duty to remember, ” based on the recognition of crimes and the reparations due to victims. The last part of the paper explores the “ patriotic turn ” in French memory politics in the late 2000s and its socio-pol-itical consequences.
{"title":"National History in France: From Debate to Cultural Battle","authors":"S. Ledoux","doi":"10.1080/14623528.2021.1968149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2021.1968149","url":null,"abstract":"Since the end of the nineteenth century and the de fi nitive establishment of a republican regime in France, the school institution has been invested with a major civic role: educat-ing all young people to become French citizens. This education of the nation has placed a considerable signi fi cance to the transmission of national history, which is taught with the same programmes in all French schools from the age of seven. The history taught of the nation was fi rst of all a patriotic history until the 1960s: France must be loved by learning about its glorious events and heroes because the historical destiny of this nation for centuries has been to accomplish universal human progress. This article explains how the transmission of history became the object of debate from the end of the 1970s in the context of a new social relationship with the past. It then traces the emergence of a new moral imperative that is imposed by the mantra “ a duty to remember, ” based on the recognition of crimes and the reparations due to victims. The last part of the paper explores the “ patriotic turn ” in French memory politics in the late 2000s and its socio-pol-itical consequences.","PeriodicalId":46849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genocide Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"288 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48570761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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