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Narratives of Globalization and the Pitfalls of Neutrality: A Brief Critique of Six Faces of Globalization 全球化的叙事与中立的陷阱:对全球化的六个侧面的简要批判
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 LAW Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1093/jiel/jgad018
Paolo Vargiu
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引用次数: 0
What Role for the WTO in Disciplining China’s State-Dominated Economy? WTO在约束中国国家主导的经济中扮演什么角色?
1区 社会学 Q1 LAW Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1093/jiel/jgad017
Jennifer Hillman
Journal Article What Role for the WTO in Disciplining China’s State-Dominated Economy? Get access Between Market Economy and State Capitalism: China’s State-Owned Enterprises and the World Trading System. By HENRY GAO and WEIHUAN ZHOU, Cambridge University Press, 2022. ISBN 9781108908795. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108908795 Jennifer Hillman Jennifer Hillman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of International Economic Law, Volume 26, Issue 3, September 2023, Pages 614–618, https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgad017 Published: 18 May 2023 Article history Editorial decision: 21 April 2023 Received: 21 April 2023 Accepted: 22 April 2023 Corrected and typeset: 18 May 2023 Published: 18 May 2023
WTO在约束中国国有主导经济中扮演什么角色?市场经济与国家资本主义之间的准入:中国国有企业与世界贸易体系。高享利、周卫焕著,剑桥大学出版社,2022年。ISBN 9781108908795。DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108908795 Jennifer Hillman Jennifer Hillman本文作者的其他作品搜索:牛津学术谷歌学者国际经济法杂志,第26卷,第3期,2023年9月,614-618页,https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgad017出版:2023年5月18日文章历史编辑决定:2023年4月21日收到:2023年4月21日接受:2023年4月22日校正和排版:2023年5月18日出版:2023年5月18日
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引用次数: 0
Anti-deforestation npr-PPMs and Carbon Border Measures: Thinking About the Chapeau of Article XX GATT in Times of Climate Crisis 反毁林npr-PPMs与碳边界措施:气候危机时期对GATT第20条开头部分的思考
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 LAW Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1093/jiel/jgad016
Giulia Claudia Leonelli
This article enquires into the extent to which the elusive Chapeau of Article XX of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) may constrain the ability of regulating Members to tackle environmental externalities via unilateral regulatory action. It employs an analysis of recent European Union regulatory measures to assess the rationale of different ‘indicators’ of compliance with the Chapeau and unpack their implications. The article illustrates that a good faith–centred interpretation of the Chapeau criteria helps identify aspects in the practical application of a measure that may afford protection to domestic products or result in country-based discrimination. It also preserves the margins of action of regulating Members and can improve the regulatory design and environmental effectiveness of unilateral measures. An expansive interpretation of ‘situational’ discrimination and ‘coercion’, by contrast, captures significant distortions of competitive opportunities between ‘like’ products, broadening market access and stretching the Chapeau beyond a good faith–centred focus. Furthermore, this interpretative approach can indirectly impact the regulatory design of the measures and undermine their environmental effectiveness. Against this backdrop, the article argues that the dispute settlement organs should carefully delimit the scope of the Chapeau conditions and adhere to a good faith–centred interpretative approach.
本文探讨了关税与贸易总协定(GATT)第20条难以捉摸的序言可能在多大程度上限制监管成员通过单方面监管行动解决环境外部性的能力。它采用了对最近欧盟监管措施的分析,以评估遵守《细则》的不同“指标”的基本原理,并揭示其含义。该条说明,对《序言》标准的以诚信为中心的解释有助于确定在实际适用一项措施时可能对国内产品提供保护或导致基于国家的歧视的方面。它还保留了监管成员的行动余地,并可以改善单边措施的监管设计和环境有效性。相比之下,对“情境”歧视和“强迫”的广义解释抓住了“类似”产品之间竞争机会的重大扭曲,扩大了市场准入,并将《引言》延伸到以诚信为中心的焦点之外。此外,这种解释方法可能间接影响措施的监管设计并破坏其环境有效性。在此背景下,该条认为,争端解决机构应仔细划定《序言》条件的范围,并坚持以诚信为中心的解释办法。
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引用次数: 0
International Economic Law in the ‘Asian Century’ “亚洲世纪”的国际经济法
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 LAW Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1093/jiel/jgad013
E. Petersmann
The current non-compliance with United Nations (UN) and World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements protecting transnational public goods, military aggression among WTO members, violent suppression of human and democratic rights, global health pandemics, climate change, ocean pollution, overfishing, and other biodiversity losses reflects ‘governance failures’ (e.g. to limit ‘market failures’) and ‘constitutional failures’ (e.g. to protect human and democratic rights and the sustainable development goals). The geopolitical rivalries among totalitarian governments and democracies render constitutional UN and WTO reforms unlikely. They entail ‘regulatory competition’ (e.g. among neoliberalism, state capitalism, and ordo-liberal constitutionalism) and plurilateral responses aimed at limiting abuses of power (like collective countermeasures against Russia’s illegal wars and war crimes) and at protecting transnational public goods (like plurilateral ‘climate change mitigation clubs’, appeal arbitration among WTO members, regional human rights and security agreements). The power politics disrupting the UN and WTO legal systems is bound to promote regionalization of economic law, re-globalization of supply chains, and geopolitical rivalries resulting from conflicting value priorities and neglect for the human rights underlying the sustainable development goals.
目前不遵守联合国(UN)和世界贸易组织(WTO)保护跨国公共产品的协定、世贸组织成员之间的军事侵略、暴力压制人权和民主权利、全球流行病、气候变化、海洋污染、过度捕捞、其他生物多样性的丧失反映了“治理失败”(例如限制“市场失败”)和“宪法失败”(例如保护人权和民主权利以及可持续发展目标)。极权政府和民主国家之间的地缘政治竞争使得联合国和世贸组织的宪法改革不太可能。它们包括“监管竞争”(如新自由主义、国家资本主义和秩序自由宪政主义之间的竞争)和旨在限制权力滥用的诸边反应(如针对俄罗斯非法战争和战争罪行的集体对策)和保护跨国公共产品(如诸边“气候变化减缓俱乐部”、世贸组织成员之间的上诉仲裁、区域人权和安全协议)。破坏联合国和世贸组织法律体系的强权政治必然会促进经济法的区域化、供应链的再全球化,以及由于价值优先事项的冲突和对可持续发展目标背后的人权的忽视而导致的地缘政治竞争。
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引用次数: 0
WTO Rules for Trade with Disputed Territories 世贸组织与争议领土贸易规则
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 LAW Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.1093/jiel/jgad015
Olia Kanevskaia
The legality of trade with territories over which sovereignty is disputed has recently come to the forefront of policy and academic discussions due to emerging case law and escalating territorial conflicts. While considerations shaping the debate on economic activities with disputed territories are typically informed by concerns of international law, little is known about international trade and customs rules applicable to these regimes. This article aims to fill this literature gap by inquiring into the rules that apply to trade with disputed territories under the relevant World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreements, in particular the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the Agreement on Rules of Origin, and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade. In a broader sense, it contributes to the understanding of interactions between the WTO and other self-containing regimes of international law, illustrating the challenges that arise from their different approaches to territories.
由于新出现的判例法和不断升级的领土冲突,与主权有争议的领土进行贸易的合法性最近成为政策和学术讨论的焦点。虽然形成关于有争议领土经济活动辩论的考虑通常是基于对国际法的关切,但对适用于这些制度的国际贸易和海关规则知之甚少。本文旨在通过探讨世界贸易组织(WTO)相关协定,特别是《关税及贸易总协定》、《原产地规则协定》和《技术性贸易壁垒协定》下适用于与争议领土贸易的规则,填补这一文献空白。从更广泛的意义上讲,它有助于理解世贸组织和其他自给自足的国际法制度之间的互动,说明它们对领土的不同做法所带来的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review 书评
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 LAW Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1093/jiel/jgad012
R. Anuradha
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引用次数: 0
Correction to: From Bananas to Large Civil Aircraft: An On-Going Quest for Value-Added in the Computation of Countermeasures at the WTO 更正:从香蕉到大型民用飞机:WTO对策计算中不断寻求增值
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 LAW Pub Date : 2023-04-15 DOI: 10.1093/jiel/jgad014
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引用次数: 0
A Climate Change Carve-Out for Investment Treaties 气候变化对投资条约的影响
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 LAW Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1093/jiel/jgad011
Joshua Paine, Elizabeth Sheargold
This article responds to the growing risk of Investor–State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) claims arising from states’ measures to mitigate climate change, such as fossil fuel phase-outs. It proposes a carve-out that would cover measures that are adopted in good faith and have a reasonable causal nexus with reducing and stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions (e.g. measures ‘related to’ this aim). Depending on states’ preferences, the carve-out could be designed as a treaty-wide exclusion from international investment agreements (IIAs) or as a carve-out that only removes such measures from ISDS procedures. Importantly, we propose a process to govern the application of the carve-out that prevents this issue being determined by ISDS tribunals. We argue that questions concerning the carve-out’s application to specific investor claims should initially be subject to joint determination by the treaty parties’ environmental authorities. Where these authorities cannot agree, we propose that this issue should be referred to a State–State tribunal that includes members with climate-related expertise. This article advances the specific debate about a climate carve-out for IIAs and wider debates about strategies for protecting regulatory space under IIAs through its detailed examination of carve-outs, drawing on examples from a range of subject areas.
本文回应了各国缓解气候变化措施(如逐步淘汰化石燃料)引发的投资者-国家争端解决机制(ISDS)索赔风险日益增加的问题。它提出了一个例外,将涵盖善意采取的措施,并与减少和稳定温室气体排放有合理的因果关系(例如,与此目标“相关”的措施)。根据各国的偏好,可以将其设计为在条约范围内排除在国际投资协定(IIAs)之外,也可以将其设计为仅将此类措施从ISDS程序中移除。重要的是,我们提出了一个程序来管理排除的应用,以防止该问题由ISDS法庭决定。我们认为,有关豁免适用于具体投资者索赔的问题,最初应由条约缔约方的环境主管部门共同决定。如果这些当局不能达成一致,我们建议将这一问题提交给一个由具有气候相关专业知识的成员组成的国家-国家法庭。本文利用一系列主题领域的例子,通过对割裂的详细研究,推进了关于国际投资协定的气候割裂的具体辩论,以及关于在国际投资协定下保护监管空间的战略的更广泛辩论。
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引用次数: 2
Risk, Reward, and Resilience Framework: Integrative Policy Making in a Complex World 风险、回报和韧性框架:复杂世界中的综合政策制定
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 LAW Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1093/jiel/jgad009
Anthea Roberts
In the last few years, many states around the world have faced a series of shocks to their economies—from the seizing up of global supply chains to the weaponization of trade and finance—that have catapulted concerns about how to strike a balance between risk, reward, and resilience into the center of public discussions and policy-making. This Article provides a new Risk, Reward, and Resilience Framework, which synthesizes and integrates insights from diverse disciplines and domains. I set out the drivers of each element, how they are connected, and resulting policy choices. To illustrate its practical application, I apply Risk, Reward, and Resilience Framework to two case studies involving economic interdependence: the COVID-19 supply chain shock and China’s economic coercion of Australia. In doing so, I provide policymakers with a new mental model for thinking about and working through complex policy challenges.
在过去几年里,世界上许多国家的经济都面临着一系列冲击——从全球供应链的瘫痪到贸易和金融的武器化——这些冲击使人们对如何在风险、回报和韧性之间取得平衡的担忧成为公众讨论和决策的中心。本文提供了一个新的风险、回报和韧性框架,该框架综合并整合了来自不同学科和领域的见解。我列出了每个元素的驱动因素,它们是如何连接的,以及由此产生的策略选择。为了说明其实际应用,我将风险、回报和韧性框架应用于涉及经济相互依存的两个案例研究:新冠肺炎供应链冲击和中国对澳大利亚的经济胁迫。通过这样做,我为决策者提供了一个新的思维模式,让他们思考和应对复杂的政策挑战。
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引用次数: 1
Managing Externalities in the WTO: The Agreement On Fisheries Subsidies WTO中的外部性管理:渔业补贴协定
1区 社会学 Q1 LAW Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.1093/jiel/jgad008
Bernard M Hoekman, Petros C Mavroidis, Sunayana Sasmal
ABSTRACT By prohibiting subsidies that support illegal, unregulated, or unreported fishing activities and contribute to the unsustainable depletion of marine resources, the 2022 Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (AFS) is the first World Trade Organization (WTO) treaty to recognize that a specific trade policy instrument can have adverse consequences for the global commons. We assess the AFS as such and through the lens of the broader challenge confronting WTO members in determining how to address subsidy spillovers and adapt trade policy rules to protect the global commons. While the AFS is a step forward for the WTO, definitions of what constitutes a subsidy and the approach taken to ensure transparency are those that have been part of the WTO since 1995 and have become the cause for contestation and calls for reform. We suggest ways in which birth defects can be addressed while implementing and expanding the coverage of the agreement.
2022年《渔业补贴协定》(AFS)是世界贸易组织(WTO)首个承认特定贸易政策工具可能对全球公域产生不利后果的条约,通过禁止支持非法、不管制或未报告的渔业活动并导致海洋资源不可持续枯竭的补贴。我们将从世贸组织成员在确定如何解决补贴溢出效应和调整贸易政策规则以保护全球公域方面面临的更广泛挑战的角度,对AFS进行评估。虽然AFS是WTO向前迈出的一步,但自1995年以来,关于补贴的定义和确保透明度的方法一直是WTO的一部分,并已成为争议和改革呼声的原因。我们建议在实施和扩大协议覆盖面的同时解决出生缺陷的方法。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of International Economic Law
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