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Juvenile probation officers and discretionary decision-making: the effects of legal, physical, and social factors 青少年感化官与自由裁量决策:法律、生理和社会因素的影响
Q3 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2023.2261931
Sheri Jenkins Keenan, Jane C. Daquin
AbstractAlthough sentencing recommendations should be based on legal factors, research shows that some juvenile probation officers (JPOs) also consider extra-legal factors. Indeed, research shows that stereotypes about certain demographics (e.g., young Black males) increase the perception of dangerousness and, in turn, result in harsher sentencing recommendations. The purpose of the current study was to identify the legal (seriousness of offense, prior offenses, and record), physical (race, gender, and age), and social factors (socioeconomic status, completeness of the juvenile’s family/family arrangement, presence of co-offenders) that the JPO considered the most important when making their sentencing recommendations. Data for the study came from a sample of juvenile probation officers in nine states. Participants were asked questions about sanctioning, disposition, and sentencing. The findings show that while the majority of JPOs rated legal factors (e.g., seriousness of offense) as the most important when making sentencing recommendations, a substantial proportion of the sample rated physical factors (e.g., race) as the most important factor considered when making sentencing recommendations. Implications and future directions for research are discussed.Keywords: decision-makingjuvenile probation officerpre-sentencing investigation Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
摘要:虽然量刑建议应以法律因素为基础,但研究表明,一些未成年感化官也考虑了法外因素。事实上,研究表明,对某些人口统计数据(例如,年轻的黑人男性)的刻板印象增加了对危险的看法,进而导致更严厉的量刑建议。本研究的目的是确定JPO在提出量刑建议时认为最重要的法律因素(犯罪严重程度、前科和记录)、身体因素(种族、性别和年龄)和社会因素(社会经济地位、少年家庭/家庭安排的完整性、共犯的存在)。这项研究的数据来自九个州的青少年缓刑官员样本。参与者被问及有关制裁、处置和量刑的问题。调查结果表明,虽然大多数jpo在提出量刑建议时将法律因素(如犯罪严重程度)视为最重要的因素,但在提出量刑建议时,相当大比例的样本将物理因素(如种族)视为最重要的考虑因素。讨论了研究的意义和未来发展方向。关键词:决策未成年缓刑官量刑前调查披露声明作者未发现潜在利益冲突。
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引用次数: 0
Insight to wellbeing: a pilot randomized trial of a 3 principles intervention to the alleviation of psychological suffering among incarcerated women 洞察幸福:一个试点随机试验的三个原则干预,以减轻心理痛苦的监禁妇女
Q3 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2023.2261915
Tyree Dingle, Jenna Flowers, Sarah Bowen
AbstractObjective: Evidence suggests incarcerated individuals have high rates of mental health difficulties, and that incarcerated women face greater trauma-related than incarcerated males. The current study investigated efficacy of an acceptance-based, insight-oriented treatment approach to alleviate mental health challenges in incarcerated women.Method: Incarcerated females (N = 90) were recruited from a medium security facility and were randomized to either the treatment condition (n = 49) or a waitlist control (n = 41). Emotion dysregulation, psychological inflexibility, global mental health, and trauma symptoms were assessed at baseline, post-course, and 6-month follow-up.Results: A significant main effect of treatment was found for all primary outcomes at post-course and 6-month follow-up. Results yielded significant mean differences between time points for the treatment condition for all primary outcomes from baseline to post-course, and baseline to 6-month follow-up.Conclusion: Results suggest the acceptance-based, insight-oriented treatment approach is efficacious for incarcerated women. A purposed mechanism of the intervention is discussed.Keywords: acceptance-basedpsychological inflexibilitymental healthemotion dysregulationthree principlesincarcerated women AcknowledgementsAuthors wish to thank interventionists and those who contributed to the final product of this research endeavor.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementData is available upon reasonable request.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Three Principles Research & Consulting, LLC under Grant: 3PRC1.2019.
摘要:目的:有证据表明,在押人员的心理健康问题发生率较高,女性在押人员比男性在押人员面临更大的创伤相关问题。目前的研究调查了以接受为基础,以洞察力为导向的治疗方法对缓解监禁妇女心理健康挑战的有效性。方法:从一个中等安全设施中招募被监禁的女性(N = 90),随机分为治疗组(N = 49)和候补组(N = 41)。在基线、疗程后和6个月随访时评估情绪失调、心理不灵活、整体心理健康和创伤症状。结果:在疗程后和6个月的随访中,所有主要结局均有显著的主效果。结果显示,从基线到疗程后,以及基线到6个月随访期间,所有主要结局的治疗状况的时间点之间存在显著的平均差异。结论:以接纳为基础,以领悟为导向的治疗方法对监禁女性是有效的。讨论了干预的目的机制。关键词:接受基础心理不适应心理健康运动失调三原则监禁妇女致谢作者希望感谢干预主义者和那些为这项研究的最终成果做出贡献的人。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。数据可用性声明数据可在合理要求下提供。本研究由三原则研究与咨询有限责任公司资助,资助号:3PRC1.2019。
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引用次数: 0
Jail and treatment staff attitudes regarding MOUDs before and after an implementation intervention 监狱和治疗人员在实施干预前后对mods的态度
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2023.2246446
Thomas R. Blue, Jesse B. Fletcher, L. Monico, Michael S. Gordon, Robert P. Schwartz, S. Mitchell
Abstract Jails are often the first point of assessment after arrest. This structural position provides an early opportunity to document and treat opioid use disorder (OUD). This paper describes the findings of the Building Bridges Planning Initiative, a project which prepared jail staff and their community treatment partners for the implementation and/or expansion of the use of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs) in 16 different jurisdictions across the U.S. From August 2019 through April 2020, 123 staff participants from 16 different counties in the U.S. completed surveys at baseline and again at one-year follow-up for staff still engaged in the project documenting changes in knowledge about, and the perceived helpfulness of, six different MOUDs. Participants were predominantly female (61%), averaged 49 years of age (SD = 11), and worked in jail (60%). Bivariate and multivariate results suggest that respondents’ perceived knowledge of/helpfulness of all MOUDs increased from baseline to follow-up, though findings for naltrexone-based MOUDs were mixed, with only depot naltrexone demonstrating significant increases in perceived helpfulness. Findings presented here suggest that over the course of the intervention, familiarity with and attitudes about MOUDs improved among individuals working within treatment centers and individuals working within correctional facilities.
摘要监狱往往是逮捕后的第一个评估点。这一结构位置为记录和治疗阿片类药物使用障碍(OUD)提供了早期机会。本文描述了“建造桥梁规划倡议”的研究结果,该项目为监狱工作人员及其社区治疗合作伙伴在美国16个不同司法管辖区实施和/或扩大阿片类药物使用障碍(MOUD)药物的使用做好了准备。从2019年8月到2020年4月,来自美国16个不同县的123名工作人员参与者在基线时完成了调查,并在一年的随访中再次对仍参与该项目的工作人员进行了调查,记录了对六种不同谅解备忘录的知识变化和感知到的帮助。参与者主要是女性(61%),平均49人 年龄(SD = 11) ,曾在监狱工作(60%)。双变量和多变量结果表明,从基线到随访,受访者对所有MOUD的感知知识/帮助性都有所增加,尽管基于纳曲酮的MOUD发现喜忧参半,只有库纳曲酮表现出感知帮助性的显著增加。本文的研究结果表明,在干预过程中,在治疗中心工作的个人和在惩教设施工作的个人对谅解备忘录的熟悉程度和态度有所改善。
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引用次数: 1
Parents on probation: custody, co-residence, and care of minor children during community supervision 缓刑期间的父母:在社区监督期间监护、共同居住和照顾未成年子女
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2023.2246455
Rebecca J. Shlafer, M. Phelps, J'Mag Karbeah, A. Scott
Abstract Family science and public health scholars have documented the consequences of incarceration for the well-being of individuals, children, families, and communities. Yet the largest form of supervision in the criminal legal system is not imprisonment, but probation, with little known about the experiences of parents on probation. We analyzed interviews with 153 adults on probation, 68 (44%) of whom reported being parents of minor children (under 18 years). Compared to participants without minor children, parents with minor children were younger and more likely to be employed. Among parents, 42% reported having custody of one or more minor children and 20% lived with their minor children at the time of the interview. Yet, most (82%) parents reported they provided some form of care or support. Qualitative analyses of four case studies show the challenges facing parents on probation and the complex intersection of custody, living arrangements, and care and support for minor children. We find that parenthood and probation are interconnected, with parent status influencing the experience of supervision and probation impacting parenting opportunities and constraints. Findings suggest service providers working with parents on probation need to attend to these complex family dynamics.
摘要家庭科学和公共卫生学者记录了监禁对个人、儿童、家庭和社区福祉的影响。然而,刑事法律体系中最大的监督形式不是监禁,而是缓刑,对缓刑父母的经历知之甚少。我们分析了153名试用期成年人的访谈,其中68人(44%)报告称自己是未成年子女(18岁以下)的父母 年)。与没有未成年子女的参与者相比,有未成年子女父母年龄更小,更有可能就业。在父母中,42%的人表示有一个或多个未成年子女的监护权,20%的人在采访时与未成年子女住在一起。然而,大多数(82%)的父母表示他们提供了某种形式的照顾或支持。对四个案例研究的定性分析表明,父母在缓刑期间面临的挑战,以及监护权、生活安排以及对未成年儿童的照顾和支持的复杂交叉点。我们发现,为人父母和缓刑是相互关联的,父母身份影响监督体验,缓刑影响为人父母的机会和约束。调查结果表明,与缓刑期父母合作的服务提供者需要关注这些复杂的家庭动态。
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引用次数: 0
Practice of silence to promote coping, emotion regulation, and future planning of imprisoned individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study 新冠肺炎大流行期间,沉默促进被监禁者应对、情绪调节和未来规划的实践:一项定性研究
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2023.2246449
P. Paoletti, G. Perasso, Carmela Lillo, G. Serantoni, Alessandro Maculan, F. Vianello, Tania Di Giuseppe
Abstract Recent studies have emphasized that silence is a fundamental element in meditative practices for stress relief, well-being, and stimulating faith in the future. This study describes the educational experience of implementing the Practice of Silence Device in a prison setting during the second wave of Covid-19 pandemic (May–July, 2021). Interviews with 23 adult male imprisoned individuals (average age = 48.79; 65% Italians) were analyzed through a qualitative-phenomenological method. The results revealed this technique’s positive impact on rehabilitating imprisoned individuals across 3 dimensions: coping, emotion management, and ability to plan the future. Future studies should investigate specific silence-based techniques to support imprisoned individuals’ rehabilitation.
最近的研究强调,在冥想练习中,沉默是缓解压力、健康和激发对未来信心的基本要素。本研究描述了在第二波Covid-19大流行期间(2021年5月至7月)在监狱环境中实施沉默装置的教育经验。访谈23名成年男性囚犯(平均年龄48.79岁;65%意大利人)通过定性现象学方法进行分析。结果显示,这项技术在三个方面对囚犯的康复有积极的影响:应对、情绪管理和计划未来的能力。未来的研究应调查特定的基于沉默的技术,以支持被监禁者的康复。
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引用次数: 0
Readiness for change: assessing employee commitment to peer worker integration in drug court settings 变革准备情况:评估员工在毒品法庭环境中融入同行的承诺
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2023.2246453
Brandee Izquierdo, Chyrell D Bellamy
Abstract This study assessed Drug Court employees’ readiness and perceived commitment to peer worker integration. Results demonstrated readiness for change is a precursor of commitment to peer worker integration, and appropriateness and personal benefit are key readiness factors when assessing Drug Court employees’ commitment to peer worker integration. Additionally, the mindset of desire or obligation drives employees’ commitment to change and provides an opportunity to cultivate employees’ behavioral support for peer worker integration. Results suggest that Drug Courts establish initial and ongoing training for staff that focuses on the peer worker’s purpose while also ensuring a strategic communication plan on the role and function of the peer worker. Further, Drug Courts can consider focusing on formally incorporating peer workers into the policies and procedures of Drug Courts and establishing an evaluative process that includes peer workers in terms of Drug Court outcome measures.
摘要本研究评估了毒品法庭员工对同伴融合的准备程度和感知承诺。结果表明,对变化的准备是承诺融入同伴工作的前兆,适当性和个人利益是评估药物法院员工承诺融入同伴工作时的关键准备因素。此外,欲望或义务的心态驱动了员工对变革的承诺,并为培养员工对同伴员工融合的行为支持提供了机会。结果表明,毒品法庭为工作人员建立了初步和持续的培训,重点关注同伴工作者的目的,同时也确保了关于同伴工作者的角色和功能的战略沟通计划。此外,毒品法院可以考虑将重点放在将同行工作者正式纳入毒品法院的政策和程序上,并根据毒品法院的结果措施建立一个包括同行工作者在内的评估过程。
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引用次数: 0
Suicidal ideation during the transitioning from prison to the community: financial hardship, relational distress, health issues, and gender 从监狱向社区过渡期间的自杀意念:经济困难、关系困扰、健康问题和性别
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2023.2228792
Lin Liu
Abstract Individuals who had contact with the criminal justice system are at high risk for suicidal ideation and attempts. The links between suicide risk and adverse experiences during the transition from prison to community are not well understood. This study sought to fill that gap by examining adverse reentry experiences as determinants of suicidal ideation among post-incarcerated men and women. Longitudinal data documenting reentry experiences during the first four to eight months after release were analyzed in binary cross tabulations and multivariate regression models. Results indicated that multiple reentry barriers in financial, relational and health domains exerted positive effects on suicidal ideation. Further, gender intersected with reentry barriers to predict suicidal ideation. Post-incarcerated women were more sensitive to relational reentry barriers, whereas health-related barriers exerted an amplified effect on suicidal ideation for their male counterparts. Policy implications and directions for future research are provided.
摘要与刑事司法系统有过接触的个人有自杀意念和企图的高风险。在从监狱向社区过渡的过程中,自杀风险与不良经历之间的联系尚不清楚。这项研究试图通过研究监禁后男性和女性的不良重返社会经历作为自杀意念的决定因素来填补这一空白。在二元交叉表和多元回归模型中分析了记录释放后前四到八个月重返大气层经历的纵向数据。结果表明,经济、关系和健康领域的多重重返障碍对自杀意念产生了积极影响。此外,性别与重返社会障碍交叉预测自杀意念。被监禁后的女性对关系重新进入障碍更敏感,而与健康相关的障碍对男性自杀意念的影响更大。提供了未来研究的政策含义和方向。
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引用次数: 0
Experiences of prison visitation by women: qualitative insights from Kashmir 妇女探访监狱的经历:来自克什米尔的定性见解
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2023.2228788
Inshal Ashraf, Saima Farhad
Abstract Among many of the activities concerned with the “collateral consequences of incarceration,” visitation has been quite a challenge. In particular, women visitors face several challenges while visiting a carceral space. Using semi-structured interviews with women having a family member incarcerated, we explore the experiences of women visitors visiting a prison in Kashmir. The paper employs a qualitative methodology to understand the experiences of these women visitors. The paper tries to understand the ways in which the prison regime dictates and directs their lives. The paper emphasizes the fact that the effects of incarceration are tremendously bore by these women who jeopardize their own economic and social capital in order to maintain ties with an incarcerated individual. These women are claimed to be the “other victims of crime” and are treated as quasi-inmates inside the carceral spaces. These women live lives marked with stigma and suspicion as they are often assumed to have known about the crime. Thus, they suffer from courtesy stigma and the taint of being equally involved in the crime. The findings reveal that these women face difficulties in visiting their incarcerated kin, endure emotionally intense experiences, and the traumatic experience of prison visitation, ironically, acts as a blessing in disguise. They become increasingly absorbed into the correctional facility, suffer the anxiety of waiting and frustration to meet institutional dictates, and elation or despair that stays with them after spending time with their loved ones in prison.
在许多与“监禁附带后果”有关的活动中,探视一直是一个相当大的挑战。特别是,女性游客在参观室内空间时面临着一些挑战。通过对家庭成员被监禁的妇女进行半结构化访谈,我们探索了访问克什米尔监狱的女性访客的经历。本文采用定性方法来了解这些女性访客的经历。本文试图了解监狱政权是如何支配和指导他们的生活的。文章强调了这样一个事实,即监禁的影响对这些妇女来说是巨大的,她们为了与被监禁的人保持联系而牺牲自己的经济和社会资本。据称,这些妇女是“犯罪的其他受害者”,在拘留所被当作准囚犯对待。这些妇女生活在耻辱和怀疑中,因为她们通常被认为知道犯罪。因此,他们遭受了礼貌的耻辱和同样参与犯罪的污点。调查结果显示,这些女性在探视被监禁的亲属时面临困难,她们要忍受强烈的情感体验,而具有讽刺意味的是,监狱探视的创伤经历反而是因祸得福。他们越来越被监狱所吸引,忍受着等待的焦虑和满足制度要求的沮丧,以及在监狱里与亲人共度时光后的兴奋或绝望。
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引用次数: 0
An evaluation of prison-based theological education: current and former students’ perspectives 对监狱神学教育的评价:当前和以前学生的观点
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2023.2228767
R. LaBarbera
Abstract Increasing access to higher education in prison is a topic of growing concern among researchers and correctional staff. The current evaluation analyzed data collected from 109 interviews in California, Texas, and Kansas with currently incarcerated students of a prison-based theological education program called The Urban Ministry Institute (TUMI) and with formerly incarcerated graduates who had participated in the program while they were incarcerated. In addition, 157 surveys were collected from individuals in California, Texas, Kansas, and Colorado who were currently incarcerated and formerly incarcerated program graduates. This study highlighted participants’ perceived impact of TUMI, particularly on how they perceive overall program quality, areas for improvement, self-rated psychological well-being, and evaluation of prosocial thinking, behavior, and relationships, all of which contribute to identity change and desistance.
摘要增加监狱中接受高等教育的机会是研究人员和管教人员日益关注的话题。目前的评估分析了在加利福尼亚州、得克萨斯州和堪萨斯州对一个名为城市部研究所(TUMI)的监狱神学教育项目目前被监禁的学生以及在监禁期间参与该项目的前被监禁毕业生进行的109次采访中收集的数据。此外,还从加利福尼亚州、得克萨斯州、堪萨斯州和科罗拉多州目前被监禁和以前被监禁的项目毕业生中收集了157份调查。这项研究强调了参与者对TUMI的感知影响,特别是在他们如何感知整体项目质量、需要改进的领域、自我评价的心理健康以及对亲社会思维、行为和关系的评估方面,所有这些都有助于身份的改变和放弃。
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引用次数: 0
“We can’t, sorry, but we can’t do it’: how wrongful convictions impact employment and education throughout the life-course” “我们不能,抱歉,但我们不能这样做”:错误的定罪如何影响一生中的就业和教育
IF 0.7 Q3 SOCIAL WORK Pub Date : 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2023.2213690
Michelle L. Estes
Abstract Attention given to wrongful convictions typically focuses on those experiences leading up to release and less on community reentry post-release. The current study contributes to existing conversations regarding community reintegration of wrongfully convicted individuals by focusing on employment. Using qualitative interviews with 19 individuals who were wrongfully convicted, I examine how wrongful convictions impact employment and education throughout one’s life-course. Findings reveal that wrongful convictions cause disruption to educational and career trajectories. While wrongfully incarcerated, programs are not provided to successfully reenter the community upon release. Finally, participants experience a multitude of barriers when trying to gain employment post-release. Policy implications, limitations, and directions for future research are also discussed.
对错误定罪的关注通常集中在释放前的经历上,而较少关注释放后重返社区的经历。目前的研究以就业为重点,为现有关于被错误定罪的个人重返社区的对话做出了贡献。通过对19名被错误定罪的人进行定性采访,我研究了错误定罪如何影响一个人一生的就业和教育。调查结果显示,错误的定罪会扰乱教育和职业轨迹。虽然被错误监禁,但没有提供在获释后成功重新进入社区的程序。最后,参与者在释放后试图获得就业时会遇到许多障碍。还讨论了政策含义、局限性和未来研究的方向。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Offender Rehabilitation
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